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Tu J, Wen J, Luo Q, Li X, Wang D, Ye J. Causal relationships of metabolites with allergic diseases: a trans-ethnic Mendelian randomization study. Respir Res 2024; 25:94. [PMID: 38378549 PMCID: PMC10880354 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases exert a considerable impact on global health, thus necessitating investigations into their etiology and pathophysiology for devising effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study employs a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and meta-analysis to identify metabolite targets potentially associated with allergic diseases. METHODS A two-sample MR analysis was conducted to explore potential causal relationships between circulating and urinary metabolites and allergic diseases. Exposures were derived from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 486 circulating metabolites and a GWAS of 55 targeted urinary metabolites. Outcome data for allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma, were obtained from the FinnGen biobank in Europe (cohort 1) and the Biobank Japan in Asia (cohort 2). MR results from both cohorts were combined using a meta-analysis. RESULTS MR analysis identified 50 circulating metabolites and 6 urinary metabolites in cohort 1 and 54 circulating metabolites and 2 urinary metabolites in cohort 2 as potentially causally related to allergic diseases. A meta-analysis of the MR results revealed stearoylcarnitine (OR 8.654; 95% CI 4.399-17.025; P = 4.06E-10) and 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphoinositol (OR 2.178; 95% CI 1.388-3.419; P = 7.15E-04) as the most reliable causal circulating metabolites for asthma and AR, respectively. Further, histidine (OR 0.734; 95% CI: 0.594-0.907; P = 0.004), tyrosine (OR 0.601; 95% CI: 0.380-0.952; P = 0.030), and alanine (OR 0.280; 95% CI: 0.125-0.628; P = 0.002) emerged as urinary metabolites with the greatest protective effects against asthma, AD, and AR, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Imbalances in numerous circulating and urinary metabolites may be implicated in the development and progression of allergic diseases. These findings have significant implications for the development of targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Tu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinyang Wen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangxi Medicine Academy of Nutrition and Health Management, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Jiangxi Medicine Academy of Nutrition and Health Management, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Mohan Chandra Sekhar Jaggarapu M, Thumsi A, Nile R, D Ridenour B, Khodaei T, P Suresh A, Esrafili A, Jin K, P Acharya A. Orally delivered 2D covalent organic frameworks releasing kynurenine generate anti-inflammatory T cell responses in collagen induced arthritis mouse model. Biomaterials 2023; 300:122204. [PMID: 37329683 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic framework (COF) crystalline biomaterials have great potential for drug delivery since they can load large amounts of small molecules (e.g. metabolites) and release them in a controlled manner, as compared to their amorphous counterparts. Herein, we screened different metabolites for their ability to modulate T cell responses in vitro and identified Kynurenine (KyH) as a key metabolite that not only decreases frequency of pro-inflammatory RORgt + T cells but also supports frequency of anti-inflammatory GATA3+ T cells. Moreover, we developed a methodology to generate imine-based TAPB-PDA COF at room temperature and loaded these COFs with KyH. KyH loaded COFs (COF-KyH) were able to then release KyH in a controlled manner for 5 days in vitro. Notably, COF-KyH when delivered orally in mice induced with collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA) were able to increase frequency of anti-inflammatory GATA3+CD8+ T cells in the lymph nodes and decrease antibody titers in the serum as compared to the controls. Overall, these data demonstrate that COFs can be an excellent drug delivery vehicle for delivering immune modulating small molecule metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhirami Thumsi
- Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Richard Nile
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Brian D Ridenour
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Taravat Khodaei
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Abhirami P Suresh
- Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Arezoo Esrafili
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Kailong Jin
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Abhinav P Acharya
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Biological Design, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Materials Science and Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Biodesign Center for Biodesign Center for Biomaterials Innovation and Translation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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3
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Eivary SHA, Kheder RK, Najmaldin SK, Kheradmand N, Esmaeili SA, Hajavi J. Implications of IL-21 in solid tumor therapy. Med Oncol 2023; 40:191. [PMID: 37249661 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, the most deadly disease, is known as a recent dilemma worldwide. Presently different treatments are used for curing cancers, especially solid cancers. Because of the immune-enhancing functions of cytokine, IL-21 as a cytokine may have new possibilities to manipulate the immune system in disease conditions, as it stimulates NK and CTL functions and drives IgG antibody production. Indeed, IL-21 has been revealed to elicit antitumor-immune responses in several tumor models. Combining IL-21 with other agents, which target tumor cells, immune-regulatory circuits, or other immune-enhancing molecules enhances this activity. The exciting breakthrough in the results obtained in pre-clinical situations has led to the early outset of present developing clinical trials in cancer patients. In the paper, we have reviewed the function of IL-21 in solid tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Abtahi Eivary
- Department of Medical Sciences of Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Para-Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ramiar Kamal Kheder
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Soran K Najmaldin
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Nahid Kheradmand
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Jafar Hajavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran.
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Wang F, Liu M, Ma D, Cai Z, Liu L, Wang J, Zhang W, Zhao L, Zhai C, Xu Y. Dendritic cell-expressed IDO alleviates atherosclerosis by expanding CD4 +CD25 +Foxp3 +Tregs through IDO-Kyn-AHR axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109758. [PMID: 36706593 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, in which immune disorders constitute an essential part of vascular pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that dendritic cells (DCs) and their tryptophan metabolisms regulate host immune responses. However, the mechanistic involvement of metabolic products from DCs in dysregulating vascular immunity during the development of atherosclerosis is far from clear. Flow cytometry examination showed immune cells were accumulated and gradually increased in the atherosclerotic lesions during the atherosclerosis progression, in which IDO+DCs were enriched. To study the role of DC-expressed IDO in the development of atherosclerosis, we made a stable IDO-overexpressing DC line (IDOoeDCs) by lentiviral infection for adoptive transfer into pro-atherosclerotic mice. Compared with DCs containing empty vector (VectorCtrlDC)-treated group, treatment of IDOoeDCs led to a significant reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta, with decreased aortic infiltration of Th1 immune cells and reduced vascular inflammation. Importantly, IDOoeDCs increased aortic kynurenine (Kyn) concentration and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) expression, concomitant with CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg expansion in the aortic tissues, which were abrogated by AHR antagonist treatment. These results indicate that DC-expressed IDO reduces atherosclerotic lesions by inducing aortic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg expansion through IDO-Kyn-AHR axis, which may represent a novel possibility for treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Zecheng Cai
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Chengfeng Zhai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-molecules, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
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Zhang L, Chen Z, Wang L, Luo X. Bullous pemphigoid: The role of type 2 inflammation in its pathogenesis and the prospect of targeted therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1115083. [PMID: 36875098 PMCID: PMC9978795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1115083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune disease that mainly occurs in the elderly, severely affecting their health and life quality. Traditional therapy for BP is mainly based on the systemic use of corticosteroids, but long-term use of corticosteroids results in a series of side effects. Type 2 inflammation is an immune response largely mediated by group 2 innate lymphoid cells, type 2 T helper cells, eosinophils, and inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Among patients with BP, the levels of immunoglobulin E and eosinophils are significantly increased in the peripheral blood and skin lesions, suggesting that the pathogenesis is tightly related to type 2 inflammation. To date, various targeted drugs have been developed to treat type 2 inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the general process of type 2 inflammation, its role in the pathogenesis of BP and potential therapeutic targets and medications related to type 2 inflammation. The content of this review may contribute to the development of more effective drugs with fewer side effects for the treatment of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhang
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihua Chen
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanting Wang
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqun Luo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Tan Y, Liu M, Li M, Chen Y, Ren M. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitory compounds from natural sources. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1046818. [PMID: 36408235 PMCID: PMC9672321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1046818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
L-tryptophan metabolism is involved in the regulation of many important physiological processes, such as, immune response, inflammation, and neuronal function. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the first rate-limiting step of tryptophan conversion to kynurenine. Thus, inhibiting IDO1 may have therapeutic benefits for various diseases, such as, cancer, autoimmune disease, and depression. In the search for potent IDO1 inhibitors, natural quinones were the first reported IDO1 inhibitors with potent inhibitory activity. Subsequently, natural compounds with diverse structures have been found to have anti-IDO1 inhibitory activity. In this review, we provide a summary of these natural IDO1 inhibitors, which are classified as quinones, polyphenols, alkaloids and others. The overview of in vitro IDO1 inhibitory activity of natural compounds will help medicinal chemists to understand the mode of action and medical benefits of them. The scaffolds of these natural compounds can also be used for further optimization of potent IDO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Experiment Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Office of Academic Affairs, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Ren
- United Front Work Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Meng Ren,
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Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Protein File from Peripheral Blood Predicts Immune-Related Adverse Events in Gastric Cancer Patients Receiving Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174167. [PMID: 36077704 PMCID: PMC9454680 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Most gastric cancer (GC) patients have already benefited from immune checkpoint inhibitors, but some of them may terminate immunotherapy due to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Extracellular vesicles have been shown to carry proteins, nucleic acids and other biomacromolecules to recipient cells, which is very important for exploring the potential of biomarkers of irAEs via EV-derived proteins. In 62 GC patients, EV-ICOS and EV-IDO1 were screened from 42 vital proteins as biomarkers of irAEs, and then confirmed in a validating cohort of 40 GC patients. In summary, EV-ICOS and EV-IDO1 can perfectly predict irAEs of ICI treated GC patients. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) initiate a new stage for gastric cancer (GC) therapeutics, and plenty of patients have already benefited from ICIs. Liquid biopsy promotes the development of precision medicine of GC. However, due to the lack of precision biomarkers of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), the safety of ICIs-treated GC patients cannot be guaranteed. In our study, GC patients treated with ICIs were included for investigating the correlation between irAEs of ICIs and corresponding outcomes. We also explored the potential of biomarkers of irAEs via EV-derived proteins. Dynamic plasma was taken from 102 ICIs-treated GC patients generated retrospectively or prospectively, who were divided into discovery and validating cohorts. Plasma EV-derived protein profiles were described, and two EV-proteins, inducible T-cell co-stimulator (EV-ICOS) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(EV-IDO1), from 42 vital proteins were screened to predict the prognosis of ICIs with irAEs. Our work is the first to propose that EV-proteins can predict ICIs-corresponding irAEs, which can be conducive to the diagnosis and treatment of GC patients, and to facilitate the screening of beneficiaries.
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Ding J, Zheng Y, Wang G, Zheng J, Chai D. The performance and perspectives of dendritic cell vaccines modified by immune checkpoint inhibitors or stimulants. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188763. [PMID: 35872287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic dendritic cell (DC) vaccines stimulate the elimination of tumor cells by the immune system. However, while antigen-specific T cell responses induced by DC vaccines are commonly observed, the clinical response rate is relatively poor, necessitating vaccine optimization. There is evidence that the suppression of DC function by immune checkpoints hinders the anti-tumor immune responses mediated by DC vaccines, ultimately leading to the immune escape of the tumor cells. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and immune checkpoint activators (ICAs) has extended the immunotherapeutic range. It is known that both inhibitory and stimulatory checkpoint molecules are expressed by most DC subsets and can thus be used to manipulate the effectiveness of DC vaccines. Such manipulation has been investigated using strategies such as chemotherapy, agonistic or antagonistic antibodies, siRNA, shRNA, CRISPR-Cas9, soluble antibodies, lentiviruses, and adenoviruses to maximize the efficacy of DC vaccines. Thus, a deeper understanding of immune checkpoints may assist in the development of improved DC vaccines. Here, we review the actions of various ICIs or ICAs shown by preclinical studies, as well as their potential application in DC vaccines. New therapeutic interventional strategies for blocking and stimulating immune checkpoint molecules in DCs are also described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiage Ding
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China.
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China.
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China.
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IDO1, FAT10, IFI6, and GILT Are Involved in the Antiretroviral Activity of γ-Interferon and IDO1 Restricts Retrovirus Infection by Autophagy Enhancement. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142240. [PMID: 35883685 PMCID: PMC9323257 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-interferon (γ-IFN) significantly inhibits infection by replication-defective viral vectors derived from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or murine leukemia virus (MLV) but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Previously we reported that knockdown of γ-IFN-inducible lysosomal thiolreductase (GILT) abrogates the antiviral activity of γ-IFN in TE671 cells but not in HeLa cells, suggesting that other γ-IFN-inducible host factors are involved in its antiviral activity in HeLa cells. We identified cellular factors, the expression of which are induced by γ-IFN in HeLa cells, using a microarray, and analyzed the effects of 11 γ-IFN-induced factors on retroviral vector infection. Our results showed that the exogenous expression of FAT10, IFI6, or IDO1 significantly inhibits both HIV-1- and MLV-based vector infections. The antiviral activity of γ-IFN was decreased in HeLa cells, in which the function of IDO1, IFI6, FAT10, and GILT were simultaneously inhibited. IDO1 is an enzyme that metabolizes an essential amino acid, tryptophan. However, IDO1 did not restrict retroviral vector infection in Atg3-silencing HeLa cells, in which autophagy did not occur. This study found that IDO1, IFI6, FAT10, and GILT are involved in the antiviral activity of γ-IFN, and IDO1 inhibits retroviral infection by inducing autophagy.
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