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Pérez-Ferreiro M, M. Abelairas A, Criado A, Gómez IJ, Mosquera J. Dendrimers: Exploring Their Wide Structural Variety and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4369. [PMID: 38006093 PMCID: PMC10674315 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers constitute a distinctive category of synthetic materials that bear resemblance to proteins in various aspects, such as discrete structural organization, globular morphology, and nanoscale dimensions. Remarkably, these attributes coexist with the capacity for facile large-scale production. Due to these advantages, the realm of dendrimers has undergone substantial advancement since their inception in the 1980s. Numerous reviews have been dedicated to elucidating this subject comprehensively, delving into the properties and applications of quintessential dendrimer varieties like PAMAM, PPI, and others. Nevertheless, the contemporary landscape of dendrimers transcends these early paradigms, witnessing the emergence of a diverse array of novel dendritic architectures in recent years. In this review, we aim to present a comprehensive panorama of the expansive domain of dendrimers. As such, our focus lies in discussing the key attributes and applications of the predominant types of dendrimers existing today. We will commence with the conventional variants and progressively delve into the more pioneering ones, including Janus, supramolecular, shape-persistent, and rotaxane dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - I. Jénnifer Gómez
- CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jesús Mosquera
- CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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2
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Lu YC, Anedda R, Lai LL. Shape-Persistent Dendrimers. Molecules 2023; 28:5546. [PMID: 37513417 PMCID: PMC10385424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers have a diverse and versatile morphology, frequently consisting of core, linking, and peripheral moieties. Dendrimers with flexible linkers, such as PAMAM, cannot retain the persistent shape of molecules, and this has been widely explored and reviewed previously; nevertheless, dendrimers with stiff linkers can preserve the persistent shape of the dendrimers, which has been reported considerably less. This review thus focuses on addressing shape-persistent dendrimers with rigid linking moieties discovered in recent years, i.e., from 2012 to 2023. Shape-persistent dendrimers with an interstitial gap between the dendritic frames in the solid state may or may not let the intramolecular void space be accessible for guest molecules, which largely depends on whether their peripheral groups are flexible or non-flexible. In this paper, eight articles on shape-persistent dendrimers with a flexible alkyl periphery, which may exhibit mesogenic phases upon thermal treatment, and eight articles on shape-persistent dendrimers with a non-flexible periphery, which may allow external ions, gases, or volatile organic compounds to access the interstitial gaps between dendritic frames, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chih Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli 545, Taiwan
| | - Roberto Anedda
- Porto Conte Ricerche Srl, S.P. 55 Porto Conte-Capo Caccia, Km 8,400, Loc. Tramariglio 15, 07041 Alghero, Italy
| | - Long-Li Lai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli 545, Taiwan
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3
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Albrecht K, Taguchi M, Tsukamoto T, Moriai T, Yoshida N, Yamamoto K. Poly-phenylene jacketed tailor-made dendritic phenylazomethine ligand for nanoparticle synthesis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5813-5817. [PMID: 35685784 PMCID: PMC9132029 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05661a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesizing metal clusters with a specific number of atoms on a preparative scale for studying advanced properties is still a challenge. The dendrimer templated method is powerful for synthesizing size or atomicity controlled nanoparticles. However, not all atomicity is accessible with conventional dendrimers. A new tailor-made phenylazomethine dendrimer (DPA) with a limited number of coordination sites (n = 16) and a non-coordinating large poly-phenylene shell was designed to tackle this problem. The asymmetric dendron and adamantane core four substituted dendrimer (PPDPA16) were successfully synthesized. The coordination behavior confirmed the accumulation of 16 metal Lewis acids (RhCl3, RuCl3, and SnBr2) to PPDPA16. After the reduction of the complex, low valent metal nanoparticles with controlled size were obtained. The tailor-made dendrimer is a promising approach to synthesize a variety of metal clusters with desired atomicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Albrecht
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science (CLS), Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8503 Japan .,JST-ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan.,Institute for Materials Chemistry, Engineering Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga-Koen Kasuga-shi 816-8580 Fukuoka Japan
| | - Maki Taguchi
- JST-ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Takamasa Tsukamoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science (CLS), Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8503 Japan .,JST-ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moriai
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science (CLS), Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Nozomi Yoshida
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science (CLS), Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Kimihisa Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science (CLS), Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8503 Japan .,JST-ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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4
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Hou ICY, Hinaut A, Scherb S, Meyer E, Narita A, Müllen K. Synthesis of Giant Dendritic Polyphenylenes with 366 and 546 Carbon Atoms and their High-vacuum Electrospray Deposition. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200220. [PMID: 35381624 PMCID: PMC9321752 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic polyphenylenes (PPs) can serve as precursors of nanographenes (NGs) if their structures represent 2D projections without overlapping benzene rings. Here, we report the synthesis of two giant dendritic PPs fulfilling this criteria with 366 and 546 carbon atoms by applying a “layer‐by‐layer” extension strategy. Although our initial attempts on their cyclodehydrogenation toward the corresponding NGs in solution were unsuccessful, we achieved their deposition on metal substrates under ultrahigh vacuum through the electrospray technique. Scanning probe microscopy imaging provides valuable information on the possible thermally induced partial planarization of such giant dendritic PPs on a metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cheng-Yi Hou
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung, synthetic chemitry, GERMANY
| | - Antoine Hinaut
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel, physics, GERMANY
| | | | - Ernst Meyer
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel, physics, GERMANY
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Polymerforschung, synthetic chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, GERMANY
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5
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Leitner TD, Mena‐Osteritz E, Bäuerle P. Spacial structures induced by sterical hindrance of large substituents: A dendritic macromolecular “snowflake” molecule. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja D. Leitner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Ulm Germany
- PPG Industries Lackfabrik GmbH Bodelshausen Germany
| | - Elena Mena‐Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Ulm Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials University of Ulm Ulm Germany
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6
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Engineering surface amphiphilicity of polymer nanostructures. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Hu B, Liu R, Liu Q, Lin Z, Shi Y, Li J, Wang L, Li L, Xiao X, Wu Y. Engineering surface patterns on nanoparticles: New insights on nano-bio interactions. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2357-2383. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02549j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The surface properties of nanoparticles affect their fates in biological systems. Based on nanotechnology and methodology, pioneering works have explored the effects of chemical surface patterns on the behavior of...
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Chamkina ES, Chamkin AA, Shifrina ZB. The flexibility of periphery enhances the electrochemical reversibility of ferrocenyl-terminated polyphenylene dendrimers. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Jurowska A, Hodorowicz M, Szklarzewicz J. Polynuclear complexes of vanadium(IV) and lithium with branched triazine-based Schiff base ligands. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1807016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jurowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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10
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The Role of Branch Cell Symmetry and Other Critical Nanoscale Design Parameters in the Determination of Dendrimer Encapsulation Properties. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040642. [PMID: 32326311 PMCID: PMC7226492 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews progress over the past three decades related to the role of dendrimer-based, branch cell symmetry in the development of advanced drug delivery systems, aqueous based compatibilizers/solubilizers/excipients and nano-metal cluster catalysts. Historically, it begins with early unreported work by the Tomalia Group (i.e., The Dow Chemical Co.) revealing that all known dendrimer family types may be divided into two major symmetry categories; namely: Category I: symmetrical branch cell dendrimers (e.g., Tomalia, Vögtle, Newkome-type dendrimers) possessing interior hollowness/porosity and Category II: asymmetrical branch cell dendrimers (e.g., Denkewalter-type) possessing no interior void space. These two branch cell symmetry features were shown to be pivotal in directing internal packing modes; thereby, differentiating key dendrimer properties such as densities, refractive indices and interior porosities. Furthermore, this discovery provided an explanation for unimolecular micelle encapsulation (UME) behavior observed exclusively for Category I, but not for Category II. This account surveys early experiments confirming the inextricable influence of dendrimer branch cell symmetry on interior packing properties, first examples of Category (I) based UME behavior, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) protocols for systematic encapsulation characterization, application of these principles to the solubilization of active approved drugs, engineering dendrimer critical nanoscale design parameters (CNDPs) for optimized properties and concluding with high optimism for the anticipated role of dendrimer-based solubilization principles in emerging new life science, drug delivery and nanomedical applications.
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11
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Wagner J, Li L, Simon J, Krutzke L, Landfester K, Mailänder V, Müllen K, Ng DYW, Wu Y, Weil T. Amphiphilic Polyphenylene Dendron Conjugates for Surface Remodeling of Adenovirus 5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5712-5720. [PMID: 31943635 PMCID: PMC7155148 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic surface groups play an important role in many biological processes. The synthesis of amphiphilic polyphenylene dendrimer branches (dendrons), providing alternating hydrophilic and lipophilic surface groups and one reactive ethynyl group at the core is reported. The amphiphilic surface groups serve as biorecognition units that bind to the surface of adenovirus 5 (Ad5), which is a common vector in gene therapy. The Ad5/dendron complexes showed high gene transduction efficiencies in coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR)-negative cells. Moreover, the dendrons offer incorporation of new functions at the dendron core by in situ post-modifications, even when bound to the Ad5 surface. Surfaces coated with these dendrons were analyzed for their blood-protein binding capacity, which is essential to predict their performance in the blood stream. A new platform for introducing bioactive groups to the Ad5 surface without chemically modifying the virus particles is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Graduate School Materials Science in MainzStaudingerweg 955128MainzGermany
| | - Longjie Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia MedicaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu Road430074WuhanChina
| | - Johanna Simon
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University MainzLangenbeckstr. 155131MainzGermany
| | - Lea Krutzke
- University UlinicDepartment of Gene TherapyHelmholtzstr. 8/189081UlmGermany
| | | | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University MainzLangenbeckstr. 155131MainzGermany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia MedicaSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology1037 Luoyu Road430074WuhanChina
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
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12
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Wagner J, Li L, Simon J, Krutzke L, Landfester K, Mailänder V, Müllen K, Ng DYW, Wu Y, Weil T. Amphiphilic Polyphenylene Dendron Conjugates for Surface Remodeling of Adenovirus 5. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz Staudingerweg 9 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Longjie Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Johanna Simon
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Langenbeckstr. 1 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - Lea Krutzke
- University Ulinic Department of Gene Therapy Helmholtzstr. 8/1 89081 Ulm Germany
| | | | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Langenbeckstr. 1 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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13
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Hou IC, Narita A, Müllen K. Stepwise Lateral Extension of Phenyl‐Substituted Linear Polyphenylenes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cheng‐Yi Hou
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919‐1 Tancha, Onna‐son, Kunigami Okinawa 904‐0495 Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
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14
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Bondareva J, Rozhkov V, Kachala VV, Fetyukhin V, Lukin O. An optimized divergent synthesis of sulfonimide-based dendrimers achieving the fifth generation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1676909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bondareva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
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Baeriswyl S, Javor S, Stocker A, Darbre T, Reymond J. X‐Ray Crystal Structure of a Second‐Generation Peptide Dendrimer in Complex with
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Lectin LecB. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Baeriswyl
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Sacha Javor
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Achim Stocker
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Jean‐Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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