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Zhao Y, Wang D, Wang X, Jin Q, Gao X. Differential effects of specific emotions on spatial decision-making: evidence from cross-frequency functionally independent brain networks. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad541. [PMID: 38236728 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Emotions significantly shape the way humans make decisions. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of this influence remain elusive. In this study, we designed an experiment to investigate how emotions (specifically happiness, fear, and sadness) impact spatial decision-making, utilizing EEG data. To address the inherent limitations of sensor-level investigations previously conducted, we employed standard low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography and functional independent component analysis to analyze the EEG data at the cortical source level. Our findings showed that across various spectral-spatial networks, positive emotion activated the decision-making network in the left middle temporal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus, in contrast to negative emotions. We also identified the common spectral-spatial networks and observed significant differences in network strength across emotions. These insights further revealed the important role of the gamma-band prefrontal network. Our research provides a basis for deciphering the roles of brain networks in the impact of emotions on decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- The School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Danli Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- The School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- The School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Xuange Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- The School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Liu Y, Fisher KR. Struggle for recognition, rights, and redistribution: Understanding the identity of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in China. Front Psychol 2023; 13:981986. [PMID: 36704690 PMCID: PMC9871837 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.981986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) worldwide has increased rapidly in the past decade and China is no exception. Yet the identity development of Chinese parents of children with ASD is little understood. This study employed an ethics of care perspective to explore the identity of parents of children with ASD as shaped in their social-cultural context in mainland China. Methods Qualitatively driven mixed-method design was adopted. Qualitative data about their experiences were obtained from in-depth interviews with 20 parents from 17 families of children with ASD in Beijing and participant observation of 9 participants' daily parenting experience. Results A complex and dynamic parenting identity was revealed. With limited recognition within and external to the family, parents experienced constant challenges toward their sense of self. The parents used strategies to assert their rights as carers and develop positive self-perceptions. Yet because of the unjust distribution of care work within families and with the state, the parents retained a sense of insecurity throughout the process of parenting. The parents' sense of inferiority due to devaluing children with disabilities was accentuated by traditional Chinese cultural values about good parenting. They were intensely worried about the lack of policy for support as they and their children grew older. Discussion The findings reinforce the need for recognition of parents' dignity, capacity, and efforts in caring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Sociology, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Ying Liu, ✉
| | - Karen R. Fisher
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Krämer K, Vetter A, Schultz-Venrath U, Vogeley K, Reul S. Mentalization-Based Treatment in Groups for Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychol 2021; 12:708557. [PMID: 34456821 PMCID: PMC8397374 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to successfully interact with others in social encounters, we have to be attentive to their mental states. This means, we have to implicitly and explicitly interpret our own actions as well as the actions of others as meaningful on the basis of the ascription of intentional mental states. However, this ability, often referred to as mentalizing, seems to be impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals with ADS show specific deficits relating to the representation of mental states of others. Especially, the spontaneous, intuitive attribution of and reaction to others' mental states seem to be impaired. Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT) is a form of psychotherapy in individual and group settings that focuses on the education and enhancement of mentalizing. Although the scope of MBT is broad and MBT has been already proven to be useful in a variety of mental disorders, no attempt has been made to apply MBT in patients with ASD. In our study, we adapted MBT for adults with ASD in a therapeutic group setting to examine the feasibility as well as the effectiveness of the treatment in this patient group. During 15-20 weeks of weekly group therapy, we surveyed the patients' acceptability of the intervention. Additionally, changes in mentalizing difficulties were measured before and after treatment. Results show a high acceptance of the treatment and an improvement in the patients' mentalizing abilities, presenting MBT as a promising treatment option for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Krämer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Rheinische Fachhochschule Köln, University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Vetter
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schultz-Venrath
- Private Practice for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany.,University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Kai Vogeley
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sophia Reul
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Zhao X, Zhao B, Li W, Cai Y, Shi W, Li C. Autistic traits and gender modulate emotion changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:8181-8191. [PMID: 34393463 PMCID: PMC8346342 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show an enhanced response to stressors, and gender plays an important role in stress response. Thus, autistic traits (ATs) in the general population and gender may regulate the emotion changes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the present study, participants were divided into higher and lower ATs groups. The generalized linear models were used to estimate the effects of the independent variables (e.g. the COVID-19 pandemic status (before, during), gender (male, female), and AT groups (higher ATs, lower ATs) and their interactions on emotions measured by the Positive and Negative Affect scales. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic reduced positive emotions and increased fear and anger. Furthermore, compared with the status before the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with higher ATs and females experienced stronger anger and fear than individuals with lower ATs and males during the pandemic. The present study revealed the emotional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and greater emotional susceptibility to the pandemic among individuals with higher ATs and females. Our findings provide prospective evidence for understanding the ASD/ATs-related enhanced response to pathogen threat-related stressors and have implications for COVID-19 crisis interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binglei Zhao
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrui Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendian Shi
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao X, Shi W, Li X, Li W, Li C. Autistic traits and negative emotions in the general population during COVID-19: Mediating roles of the behavioural immune system and COVID-19 risk perception. Psychiatry Res 2021; 300:113918. [PMID: 33831811 PMCID: PMC8015391 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the susceptibility factors of the emotional response to COVID-19 is highly significant for the psychological epidemic-crisis intervention, and autistic-related traits (ATs) is likely to be one of the candidate factors. The current study explored the relationships between ATs, emotional response to COVID-19, and the behavioural immune system (BIS) measured by trait pathogen avoidance and COVID-19 risk perception in the general population. The results showed that ATs predicted increased negative emotions directly and indirectly by enhancing the activation tendency of BIS and COVID-19 risk perception. The findings provide a candidate hypothesis for the reaction characteristics to pathogen threats in individuals with ASD and expand the understanding of individual differences in response to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendian Shi
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujun Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrui Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Wadhera T, Kakkar D. Social cognition and functional brain network in autism spectrum disorder: Insights from EEG graph-theoretic measures. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wadhera T, Kakkar D. Conditional entropy approach to analyze cognitive dynamics in autism spectrum disorder. Neurol Res 2020; 42:869-878. [PMID: 32628095 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1788844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preliminary evidence has documented functional connectivity during the cognitive task in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, evidence of effective neural connectivity with respect to information flow between different brain regions during complex tasks is missing. The present paper aims to provide insights into the cognition-based neural dynamics reflecting information exchange in brain network under cognitive load in ASD. METHODS Twenty-two individuals with ASD (8-18 years) and 18 Typically Developing (TD; 6-17 years) individuals participated in the cognitive task of differentiating risky from neutral stimuli. The Conditional Entropy (CE) technique is applied upon task-activated Electroencephalogram (EEG) to measure the causal influence of the activity of brain's one Region of interest (ROI) over another. RESULTS A higher CE in frontal ROI and left hemisphere reflected atypical brain complexity in ASD. The absence of causal effect, poor Coupling Strength (CS; measured using CE) and hemisphere lateralization is responsible for lower cognition in ASD. However, the persistent information exchange during the task reflects the existence of certain alternative paths when other direct paths remained disconnected due to cognitive impairment. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier showed that CE can identify the atypical information exchange with an accuracy of 96.89% and area under curve = 0.987. DISCUSSION The statistical results reflect a significant change in the information flow between different ROIs in ASD. A correlation of CS and behavioral domain suggests that the cognitive decline could be predicted from the connectivity patterns. Thus, CS could be a potential biomarker to identify cognitive status at a higher discrimination rate in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Wadhera
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology , Jalandhar, India
| | - Deepti Kakkar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology , Jalandhar, India
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