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Dumbuya JS, Chen L, Shu SY, Ma L, Luo W, Li F, Wu JY, Wang B. G-CSF attenuates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via the mTOR/p70SK6 signaling pathway in neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia rat model. Brain Res 2020; 1739:146817. [PMID: 32246916 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of permanent damage to the central nervous system, associated with long-lasting neurological disabilities and neurodevelopmental impairment in neonates. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to have neuroprotective activity in a variety of experimental brain injury models and G-CSF is a standard treatment in chemotherapeutic-induced neutropenia. The underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway is a master regulator of cell growth and proliferation in the nervous system. However, the effects of G-CSF treatment on the mTOR signaling pathway have not been elucidated in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. Our study investigated the neuroprotective effect of G-CSF on neonates with hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and the possible mechanism involving the mTOR/p70S6K pathway. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rat pups at postnatal day 7 (P7) were subjected to right unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxic (8% oxygen and balanced nitrogen) exposure for 2.5 h or sham surgery. Pups received normal saline, G-CSF, G-CSF combined with rapamycin or ethanol (vehicle for rapamycin) intraperitoneally. On postnatal day 9 (P9), TTC staining for infarct volume, and Nissl and TUNEL staining for neuronal cell injury were conducted. Activation of mTOR/p70S6K pathway, cleaved caspase-3 (CC3), Bax and Bcl-2 and cytokine expression levels were determined by western blotting. RESULTS The G-CSF treated group was associated with significantly reduced infarction volume and decreased TUNEL positive neuronal cells compared to the HI group treated with saline. The expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1ß were significantly decreased in the G-CSF treated group, while IL-10 expression level was increased. The relative immunoreactivity of p-mTOR and p-p70S6K was significantly reduced in the HI group compared to sham. The HI group treated with G-CSF showed significant upregulated protein expression for p-mTOR and p-p70S6K levels compared to the HI group treated with saline. Furthermore, G-CSF treatment increased Bcl-2 expression levels and decreased CC3 and Bax expression levels in the ipsilateral hemispheres of the HI brain. The effects induced by G-CSF were all reversed by rapamycin. CONCLUSION Treatment with G-CSF decreases inflammatory mediators and apoptotic factors, attenuating neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via the mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway, which represents a potential target for treating HI induced brain damage in neonatal HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Sieh Dumbuya
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282 PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282 PR China
| | - Si Yun Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282 PR China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853 PR China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282 PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282 PR China
| | - Jang-Yen Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282 PR China.
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Tu LN, Timms AE, Kibiryeva N, Bittel D, Pastuszko A, Nigam V, Pastuszko P. Transcriptome profiling reveals activation of inflammation and apoptosis in the neonatal striatum after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 158:882-890.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Myers PO. Commentary: Cerebral protection during pediatric circulatory arrest, from bench to bedside. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 158:891-892. [PMID: 31126644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Short-, Mid-, and Long-Term Effect of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/Stem Cell Factor and Fms-Related Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand Evaluated in an In Vivo Model of Hypoxic-Hyperoxic Ischemic Neonatal Brain Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5935279. [PMID: 31001556 PMCID: PMC6436372 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5935279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic growth factors are considered to bear neuroprotective potential. We have previously shown that delayed treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)/stem cell factor (SCF) and Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL) ameliorates excitotoxic neonatal brain injury. The effect of these substances in combined-stressor neonatal brain injury models more closely mimicking clinical conditions has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the short-, mid-, and long-term neuroprotective potential of G-CSF/SCF and FL in a neonatal model of hypoxic-hyperoxic ischemic brain injury. Five-day-old (P5) CD-1 mice were subjected to unilateral common carotid artery ligation and subsequent alternating periods of hypoxia and hyperoxia for 65 minutes. Sixty hours after injury, pups were randomly assigned to intraperitoneal treatment with (i) G-CSF (200 μg/kg)/SCF (50 μg/kg), (ii) FL (100 μg/kg), or (iii) vehicle every 24 hours for three or five consecutive days. Histopathological and functional outcomes were evaluated on P10, P18, and P90. Baseline outcome parameters were established in sham-treated and healthy control animals. Gross brain injury did not significantly differ between treatment groups at any time point. On P10, caspase-3 activation and caspase-independent apoptosis were similar between treatment groups; cell proliferation and the number of BrdU-positive vessels did not differ on P18 or P90. Neurobehavioral assessment did not reveal significant differences between treatment groups in accelerod performance, open field behavior, or novel object recognition capacity on P90. Turning behavior was more frequently observed in G-CSF/SCF- and FL-treated animals. No sex-specific differences were detected in any outcome parameter evaluated. In hypoxic-hyperoxic ischemic neonatal brain injury, G-CSF/SCF and FL treatment does not convey neuroprotection. Prior to potential clinical use, meticulous assessment of these hematopoietic growth factors is mandated.
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Sameni HR, Seiri M, Safari M, Tabrizi Amjad MH, Khanmohammadi N, Zarbakhsh S. Bone Marrow Stromal Cells with the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in the Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Failure in a Rat Model. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 44:135-145. [PMID: 30936600 PMCID: PMC6423433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), as a type of mesenchymal stem cells, and the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), as a type of growth factor, may recover damaged ovaries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the coadministration of BMSCs and the G-CSF on damaged ovaries after creating a chemotherapy model with cyclophosphamide (CTX) in rats. METHODS The present study was performed in Semnan, Iran, in the late 2016 and the early 2017. BMSCs were cultured and were confirmed using the CD markers of stromal cells. Forty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with CTX for 14 days to induce chemotherapy and ovarian destruction. Then, the BMSCs were injected into bilateral ovaries and the G-CSF was injected intraperitoneally, individually and together. Four weeks later, the number of ovarian follicles using H&E staining, the number of apoptotic granulosa cells using the TUNEL assay, the number of produced oocytes from the ovaries, and the levels of serum E2 and FSH using an ELISA reader were assessed. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA with SPSS, version 16.0. RESULTS The results showed that the effects of the coadministration of 2×106 BMSCs and 70 µg/kg of the G-CSF were significantly more favorable than those in the control group (P<0.001), the BMSC group (P=0.016), and the G-CSF group (P<0.001) on the recovery of damaged ovaries. CONCLUSION The efficacy of the coadministration of BMSCs and the G-CSF in the recovery of ovaries damaged by chemotherapy was high by comparison with the administration of either of them separately.
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Wang XH, Yao DX, Luan XS, Wang Y, Liu HX, Liu B, Liu Y, Zhao L, Ji XM, Wang TL. MicroRNA expression in the hippocampal CA1 region under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:2003-2010. [PMID: 31290459 PMCID: PMC6676878 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.253174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, thoracic aorta diseases and complex heart diseases can be subjected to corrective procedures. However, mechanisms underlying brain protection during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest are unclear. After piglet models underwent 60 minutes of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest at 14°C, expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) was analyzed in the hippocampus by microarray. Subsequently, TargetScan 6.2, RNA22 v2.0, miRWalk 2.0, and miRanda were used to predict potential targets, and gene ontology enrichment analysis was carried out to identify functional pathways involved. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was conducted to verify miRNA changes. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest altered the expression of 35 miRNAs. Twenty-two miRNAs were significantly downregulated and thirteen miRNAs were significantly upregulated in the hippocampus after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Six out of eight targets among the differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched for neuronal projection (cyclin dependent kinase, CDK16 and SLC1A2), central nervous system development (FOXO3, TYRO3, and SLC1A2), ion transmembrane transporter activity (ATP2B2 and SLC1A2), and interleukin-6 receptor binding (IL6R) – these are the key functional pathways involved in cerebral protection during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction confirmed the results of microarray analysis. Our experimental results illustrate a new role for transcriptional regulation in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, and provide significant insight for the development of miRNAs to treat brain injuries. All procedures were approved by the Animal Care Committee of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China on March 1, 2017 (approval No. XW-INI-AD2017-0112).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Institute of Geriatrics; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Xu Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Institute of Geriatrics; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Shu Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Institute of Geriatrics; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Institute of Geriatrics; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Xia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Institute of Geriatrics; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Institute of Geriatrics; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Institute of Geriatrics; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Institute of Geriatrics; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xun-Ming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery; Cerebrovascular Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Long Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University; Institute of Geriatrics; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
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Wang R, Weng G, Yu S, Dai S, Zhang W, Zhu F. Diffusion-weighted imaging detects early brain injury after hypothermic circulatory arrest in pigs. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2018; 26:687-692. [PMID: 29244151 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivx392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebral injury is a complication of surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). This study aimed to evaluate diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for the early detection of brain injury after DHCA in an animal model. METHODS Twelve healthy, adult, male miniature pigs were randomly divided into the DHCA (to receive DHCA; n = 6) and the control (sham surgery under anaesthesia; n = 6) groups. All animals received DWI, T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2WI the day before surgery, 7 h postoperatively and 24 h postoperatively. Histopathological evaluation of the brain tissues was performed in the DHCA group using the Fluoro-Jade C staining to detect neuronal degeneration, the Nissl staining to show neuronal morphology and the TUNEL assay for apoptosis. The Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to compare the results of DWI with those of the histopathological evaluation. RESULTS All animals survived surgery. In the control group, no new focal brain lesions were detected by postoperative DWI, T1WI or T2WI. In the DHCA group, new focal brain lesions were detected as early as 7 h postoperatively by DWI but not T1WI or T2WI. All three imaging sequences revealed abnormalities 24 h after surgery. In sections from areas showing abnormalities on DWI, the Fluoro-Jade C staining detected neuronal degeneration, the Nissl staining showed morphological abnormalities and the TUNEL assay demonstrated apoptotic cells. The Cohen's kappa statistics showed agreement between DWI findings and the results of all 3 histopathological examinations (TUNEL: kappa = 0.553; Nissl: kappa = 0.652; Fluoro-Jade C: kappa = 0.778; all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS DWI is superior to T1WI or T2WI for the early detection of neurological lesions after DHCA in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guoxing Weng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuangbo Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Nan Z, Jin Z, Huijuan C, Tiezheng Z, Keyan C. Effects of TLR3 and TLR9 Signaling Pathway on Brain Protection in Rats Undergoing Sevoflurane Pretreatment during Cardiopulmonary Bypass. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4286738. [PMID: 29445737 PMCID: PMC5763070 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4286738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of TLR3 and TLR9 signaling pathway on brain injury during CPB in rats pretreated with sevoflurane and its possible molecular mechanism. METHODS SD rats were randomly assigned to sham group, CPB group, and Sev group. Brain tissue was obtained at before CPB (T0), at CPB for 30 minutes (T1), 1 hour after CPB (T3), and 3 hours after CPB (T5). ELISA was used to measure S100-β and IL-6. Western blot was utilized to determine TLR3 and TLR9 expression. TUNEL was applied to detect neuronal apoptosis. RESULTS Compared with CPB group, at T1, at termination after 1 hour of CPB (T2), T3, 2 hours after CPB (T4) and T5, S100-β and IL-6 decreased in Sev group. Compared with CPB group, IFN-β were increased in Sev group, except T0. Compared with CPB group, TLR3 expression increased, and TLR9 and NF-κB decreased in Sev group. The apoptotic neurons were less in Sev group than in CPB group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sevoflurane intervention can activate TLR3 and TLR9 signaling pathway, upregulate TLR3 expression and downstream TRIF expression, decrease TLR9 expression, and downregulate downstream NF-κB expression in CPB rat models, thereby mitigating brain injury induced by inflammatory response during CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zhou Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Cao Huijuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zhang Tiezheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chen Keyan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
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Pastuszko P, Schears GJ, Kubin J, Wilson DF, Pastuszko A. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor significantly decreases density of hippocampal caspase 3-positive nuclei, thus ameliorating apoptosis-mediated damage, in a model of ischaemic neonatal brain injury. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017; 25:600-605. [PMID: 28962511 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivx047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischaemic brain injury is a major complication in patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease, with the hippocampus being a particularly vulnerable region. We hypothesized that neuronal injury resulting from cardiopulmonary bypass and associated circulatory arrest is ameliorated by pretreatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a cytokine and an anti-apoptotic neurotrophic factor. METHODS In a model of ischaemic brain injury, 4 male newborn piglets were anaesthetized and subjected to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) (cooled to 18°C, DHCA maintained for 60 min, rewarmed and recovered for 8-9 h), while 4 animals received G-CSF (34 µg/kg, intravenously) 2 h prior to the DHCA procedure. At the end of each experiment, the animals were perfused with a fixative, the hippocampus was extracted, cryoprotected, cut and the brain sections were immunoprocessed for activated caspase 3, a pro-apoptotic factor. Immunopositive neuronal nuclei were counted in multiple counting boxes (440 × 330 µm) centred on the CA1 or CA3 hippocampal regions and their mean numbers compared between the different treatment groups and regions. RESULTS G-CSF pretreatment resulted in significantly lower counts of caspase 3-positive nuclei per counting box in both the CA1 [52.2 ± 9.3 (SD) vs 61.6 ± 8.4, P < 0.001] and CA3 (41.2 ± 6.9 vs 60.4 ± 16.4, P < 0.00002) regions of the hippocampus as compared to DHCA groups. The effects of G-CSF were significant for pyramidal cells of both regions and for interneurons in the CA3 region. CONCLUSIONS In an animal model of ischaemic brain injury, G-CSF reduces neuronal injury in the hippocampus, thus potentially having beneficial effect on neurologic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pastuszko
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, The Ward Family Heart Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Joanna Kubin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David F Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Pastuszko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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