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Tan JK, Nazar FH, Makpol S, Teoh SL. Zebrafish: A Pharmacological Model for Learning and Memory Research. Molecules 2022; 27:7374. [PMID: 36364200 PMCID: PMC9657833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory are essential to organism survival and are conserved across various species, especially vertebrates. Cognitive studies involving learning and memory require using appropriate model organisms to translate relevant findings to humans. Zebrafish are becoming increasingly popular as one of the animal models for neurodegenerative diseases due to their low maintenance cost, prolific nature and amenability to genetic manipulation. More importantly, zebrafish exhibit a repertoire of neurobehaviors comparable to humans. In this review, we discuss the forms of learning and memory abilities in zebrafish and the tests used to evaluate the neurobehaviors in this species. In addition, the pharmacological studies that used zebrafish as models to screen for the effects of neuroprotective and neurotoxic compounds on cognitive performance will be summarized here. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and perspectives in establishing zebrafish as a robust model for cognitive research involving learning and memory. Zebrafish are becoming an indispensable model in learning and memory research for screening neuroprotective agents against cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Faris Hazwan Nazar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Uthaiah CA, Devaru NC, Shivakumar NH, R R, Madhunapantula SV. Vitamin D Mitigates Hyperglycemia-Induced Cognition Decline in Danio rerio (Zebrafish) through the Activation of Antioxidant Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112114. [PMID: 36358486 PMCID: PMC9686813 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia contributes to the development of cognition impairment and related disorders, induces oxidative stress in neuronal cells; thereby, impairs normal signaling mechanisms involved in cognition processes. Studies have shown a significant decrease in the vitamin D in individuals with hyperglycemia and cognition impairment. But whether supplementing vitamin D has any beneficiary impact on mitigating hyperglycemia-induced cognition impairment is unknown. We have first tested the impact of hyperglycemia on the induction of cognition deficiency in a zebrafish model. Next, the molecular mechanisms related to oxidative stress, which are deregulated in hyperglycemic zebrafish brains, have been explored. Subsequently, the impact of supplementing the water with vitamin D and a known activator of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) i.e., sulforaphane (SFN) on learning and memory functions were assessed. We showed a significant increase in the oxidative stress in the brain tissue of zebrafish residing in hyperglycemic water (111 mM glucose). Addition of vitamin D and SFN increased Nrf2, but differentially modulated its target genes (NQO1, SOD, GPx etc) activity in zebrafish and neuronal cell lines thereby improved the hyperglycemia-induced decline of cognition impairment. Mechanistically, vitamin D binds to the Keap1 protein; thereby, interfering with its binding to Nrf2, which leads to the activation of antioxidant mechanisms in the cells. In summary, reducing the oxidative stress through vitamin D treatment is a possible option for controlling the cognition impairment in diabetic population, but studies testing this possibility in clinical trials are currently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnappa A Uthaiah
- Department of Biochemistry (A DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College; JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Nandini C Devaru
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy; JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Nandini H Shivakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy; JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Rajalakshmi R
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Department of Biochemistry (A DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College; JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India
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Asif M, Kala C, Gilani SJ, Imam SS, Taleuzzaman M, Naaz F, Rahat I, Khan NA. Protective Effects Of Isothiocyanates Against Alzheimer's Disease. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083807666211109121345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The extensive search for a novel therapeutic agent against Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in medical and pharmaceutical research still continues. Despite a lot being explored about its therapeutics, there is still much more to learn in order to achieve promising therapeutic agents against ADAlzheimer's. Phytochemicals, especially secondary metabolites, are the major focus of the investigators for AD treatment.
Objective:
To describe major therapeutics targets of AD and the role of isothiocyanates (ITCs) in modulating these targets.
Methods:
Scientific databases, including Elsevier, Science Direct, Pub med, were explored. The explored literature was mainly journal publications on pathogenesis and targets of AD, and the effect of various ITCs in the modulation of these targets.
Results:
The major targets of AD include the Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway, MAPKs pathway, GSK-3 signaling, and Ubiquitin-Protease system. ITCs, such as Sulforaphane, Allyl isothiocyanates, Moringin, 6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl ITC, Phenethyl isothiocyanates, and Erucin, were reported to exert a protective effect against AD via modulating one of the several above mentioned targets.
Conclusion:
This article gives a detailed description of the therapeutic targets of AD and sheds light that phytochemicals, such as ITCs, can exert a protective effect against AD by targeting those pathways. However, properly designed research and clinical trials are required to include ITCs as a mainstream agent against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology, Sector-A, Shastri Nagar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Chandra Kala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Village Bujhawar, Tehsil Luni, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342802, India
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Taleuzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Village Bujhawar, Tehsil Luni, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342802, India
| | - Farha Naaz
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Iqra Rahat
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur pole, Saharanpur, U.P, 242121, India
| | - Najam Ali Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Delhi Road, NH-24, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad, U.P., 244102, India
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Park HS, Hwang ES, Choi GY, Kim HB, Park KS, Sul JY, Hwang Y, Choi GW, Kim BI, Park H, Maeng S, Park JH. Sulforaphane enhances long-term potentiation and ameliorate scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Physiol Behav 2021; 238:113467. [PMID: 34033847 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Increases in human life expectancy have led to increases in the prevalence of senile dementia and neurodegenerative diseases. This is a major problem because there are no curative treatments for these diseases, and patients with unmanaged cognitive and neurodegenerative symptoms experience many social problems. Sulforaphane is a type of organosulfur compound known as an isothiocyanate. It is derived from glucoraphanin, a compound found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, brussels sprouts, and cabbages, via an enzymatic reaction that is triggered by plant damage (e.g., chewing). Sulforaphane exhibits activity against cancer, inflammation, depression, and severe cardiac diseases. It can also alleviate oxidative stress and neural dysfunction in the brain. However, there is insufficient knowledge about the electrophysiological and behavioral basis of the effects of sulforaphane on learning and memory. Therefore, we evaluated whether acute sulforaphane administration affected long-term potentiation (LTP) in organotypic cultured rat hippocampal tissues. We also measured the effect of sulforaphane on the performance of three behavioral tests, the Y-maze test, the passive avoidance test, and the Morris water maze, which assess short-term memory, avoidance memory, and short and long-term spatial memory, respectively. We found that sulforaphane increased the total field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) in a dose-dependent manner after high frequency stimulation and attenuated scopolamine-induced interference of the fEPSP in the hippocampal CA1 area. Sulforaphane also restored cognitive function and inhibited memory impairment as indicated by the alleviation of the negative neurological effects of scopolamine, i.e, a lowered ratio of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze, a reduced step-through latency in the passive avoidance test, and an increased navigation time in the Morris water maze. These results indicate that sulforaphane can effectively prevent the attenuation of LTP and cognitive abilities induced by cholinergic and muscarinic receptor blockade. Further research is warranted to explore the potential therapeutic and prophylactic utility of sulforaphane for improving learning and memory, especially in those suffering from neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sub Park
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Hwang
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Ga-Young Choi
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Hyun-Bum Kim
- Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Kyun-Seob Park
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Jai-Yoon Sul
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; PENN Program in Single Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Yoonjin Hwang
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Geun Wook Choi
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Byung Il Kim
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Health Park Co., Ltd., #2502, Gangnam-dae-Ro 305, Sucho-gu, Seoul 06628, Korea
| | - Sungho Maeng
- Department of Gerontology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 446-701, Korea.
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701, Korea; Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 446-701, Korea.
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Wang S, Su G, Zhang X, Song G, Zhang L, Zheng L, Zhao M. Characterization and Exploration of Potential Neuroprotective Peptides in Walnut ( Juglans regia) Protein Hydrolysate against Cholinergic System Damage and Oxidative Stress in Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive and Memory Impairment Mice and Zebrafish. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2773-2783. [PMID: 33645974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of walnut protein hydrolysates (WPH) against memory deficits induced by scopolamine in mice and further to validate the potent neuroprotective peptides identified by integrated approaches of in silico analysis and peptidomics in scopolamine-induced zebrafish. Results showed that a remarkable amelioration on behavioral performance was observed for oral administration of WPH, and disorders of cholinergic system and oxidative stress were normalized in the brains of mice also. Unfortunately, no obvious inflammatory response and anti-inflammatory effect were observed. Additionally, WPH significantly upregulated the expressions of antioxidant defense-related protein (Nrf2) and neurotrophic-related protein (BDNF and CREB). Furthermore, 20 peptides with relatively higher abundance and PeptideRanker scores were predicted by docking to AchE and Keap1. Among them, FY and SGFDAE with the highest binding affinities, -9.8 and -8.0 kcal/mol, were considered as the promising AchE and Keap1 inhibitors, respectively. They were further validated to have neuroprotective capacity in scopolamine-induced zebrafish, indicating that peptidomics and in silico prediction might be the effective approaches to screen neuroprotective peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guowan Su
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Huapeptides Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhaoqing 526000, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guohui Song
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Thawkar BS, Kaur G. Zebrafish as a Promising Tool for Modeling Neurotoxin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:949-965. [PMID: 33687726 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are complex and challenging due to the higher failure rate in the drug development process. The overproduction and deposition of Aβ senile plaque and intracellular neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation are well-recognized diagnostic hallmarks of AD. Numerous transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease have restrictions on cost-effectiveness and time in the preclinical setup. Zebrafish has emerged as an excellent complementary model for neurodegenerative research due to simpler organisms with robust, clearly visible behavior forms. Glutaminergic and cholinergic pathways responsible for learning and memory are present in zebrafish and actively participate in the transmission process. Therefore, it is imperative to study neurotoxic agents' mechanisms that induce dysfunction of memory, learning, and neurons in the zebrafish. This review illustrates the in-depth molecular mechanism of several neurotoxic agents such as okadaic acid, cigarette smoke extract, and metals to produce cognitive deficits or neurodegeneration similar to mammals. These updates would determine an ideal and effective neurotoxic agent for producing AD pathophysiology in the zebrafish brain for preclinical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baban S Thawkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), 400056, Mumbai, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), 400056, Mumbai, India.
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Rajesh V, Mridhulmohan M, Jayaseelan S, Sivakumar P, Ganesan V. Mefenamic Acid Attenuates Chronic Alcohol Induced Cognitive Impairment in Zebrafish: Possible Role of Cholinergic Pathway. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1392-1404. [PMID: 29796737 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on the scientific evidence supporting the neuroinflammatory response contributes the cognitive impairment associated with chronic alcoholism and the neuroprotective actions of mefenamic acid with reversal of memory loss and brain inflammation in mice, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of mefenamic acid against chronic alcohol induced cognitive impairment in zebrafish model. Zebrafish were grouped and subjected to normal behavioral analysis in light-dark chamber for 10 days. The preference to dark compartment was noted in zebrafish. Zebrafish were grouped and exposed to escalating doses of alcohol for 28 days with and without mefenamic acid exposure (100 and 200 µg/L) and subjected to a fear conditioning passive avoidance task from day 13 of 28. The cognitive evaluation was performed for 10 days and the brain tissue was isolated to estimate acetylcholinesterase activity. In cognitive evaluation study, the normal zebrafish retained the memory of the learned task and avoided the dark. The alcohol exposed zebrafish showed impairment in retaining the memory of learned task. Mefenamic acid exposed zebrafish showed a significant protection against cognitive impairment caused by alcohol and retained the memory of learned task with a significant decrease in AChE activity in brain homogenate compared to alcohol exposed zebrafish. The results of this study suggest that the memory enhancing activity of mefenamic acid might be due to activation of cholinergic transmission that has protected neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions caused by alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopalan Rajesh
- Department of Pharmacology, The Erode College of Pharmacy, Veppampalayam, Vallipurathampalayam (Po), Erode, Tamil Nadu, 638112, India.
| | - Mohanan Mridhulmohan
- Department of Pharmacology, Devaki Amma Memorial College of Pharmacy, Malappuram District, Chelembra, Kerala, 673634, India
| | - Subramanian Jayaseelan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, The Erode College of Pharmacy, Veppampalayam, Vallipurathampalayam (Po), Erode, Tamil Nadu, 638112, India
| | - Palanivel Sivakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, The Erode College of Pharmacy, Veppampalayam, Vallipurathampalayam (Po), Erode, Tamil Nadu, 638112, India
| | - Vellaiyachamy Ganesan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Erode College of Pharmacy, Veppampalayam, Vallipurathampalayam (Po), Erode, Tamil Nadu, 638112, India
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de Abreu MS, Friend AJ, Amstislavskaya TG, Kalueff AV. Commentary: Establishing zebrafish as a model to study the anxiolytic effects of scopolamine. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:293. [PMID: 29667652 PMCID: PMC5891632 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Neuroscience Program, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ashton J Friend
- Neuroscience Program, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.,The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium, Slidell, LA, United States
| | | | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.,Russian National Granov's Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Pesochny, Russia.,Laboratory of Translational Biopsychiatry, Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, United States
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Hamilton TJ, Morrill A, Lucas K, Gallup J, Harris M, Healey M, Pitman T, Schalomon M, Digweed S, Tresguerres M. Establishing zebrafish as a model to study the anxiolytic effects of scopolamine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15081. [PMID: 29118373 PMCID: PMC5678162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scopolamine (hyoscine) is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist that has traditionally been used to treat motion sickness in humans. However, studies investigating depressed and bipolar populations have found that scopolamine is also effective at reducing depression and anxiety symptoms. The potential anxiety-reducing (anxiolytic) effects of scopolamine could have great clinical implications for humans; however, rats and mice administered scopolamine showed increased anxiety in standard behavioural tests. This is in direct contrast to findings in humans, and complicates studies to elucidate the specific mechanisms of scopolamine action. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of zebrafish as a model system to test anxiety-like compounds using scopolamine. Similar to humans, scopolamine acted as an anxiolytic in individual behavioural tests (novel approach test and novel tank diving test). The anxiolytic effect of scopolamine was dose dependent and biphasic, reaching maximum effect at 800 µM. Scopolamine (800 µM) also had an anxiolytic effect in a group behavioural test, as it significantly decreased their tendency to shoal. These results establish zebrafish as a model organism for studying the anxiolytic effects of scopolamine, its mechanisms of action and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada. .,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Adam Morrill
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Kayla Lucas
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Joshua Gallup
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Megan Harris
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Meghan Healey
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Taylor Pitman
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Melike Schalomon
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Shannon Digweed
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Martin Tresguerres
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Bi M, Li Q, Guo D, Ding X, Bi W, Zhang Y, Zou Y. Sulphoraphane Improves Neuronal Mitochondrial Function in Brain Tissue in Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 120:541-549. [PMID: 27983767 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the leading causes of toxicity-related mortality and morbidity worldwide, primarily manifested by acute and delayed central nervous system (CNS) injuries and other organ damages. However, its definite pathogenesis is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the pathogenesis of the ultrastructural and functional impairment of mitochondria and the protection of sulphoraphane (SFP) at different dosages on hippocampus neurons in rats after exposure to CO. We found that CO poisoning could induce advanced cognitive dysfunction, while the mitochondrial ultrastructure of neurons in rats of the CO poisoning group was seriously damaged and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was accordingly reduced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and JC-1 fluorescent probe assay. CO poisoning could also increase the expressions of both nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) proteins and their mRNA in brain tissue with immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques. Early administration of either middle-dose or high-dose SFP could efficiently improve mitochondrial structure and function and enhance the antioxidative stress ability, thus exerting a positive effect against brain damage induced by acute CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Bi
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China.,Emergency Center, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Weikang Bi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Yueheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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