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Guo J, Xu Y, Liu J, Hou X. The involvement of lidocaine in amyloid-β1-42-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons via nerve growth factor-protein kinase B pathway. Neuroreport 2024; 35:1123-1132. [PMID: 39445521 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
This project is conceived to reveal the role of lidocaine in the process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its possible downstream targets. After the employment of AD cell model in mice hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cells in the presence of amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42), Cell Counting Kit-8 method investigated cell viability. Oxidative damage was assayed based on a dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe and commercially available kits. The 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide fluorescent probe estimated mitochondrial function. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling, western blotting, and immunofluorescence appraised the apoptotic level. Western blot also ascertained the alternations of nerve growth factors (NGF)-protein kinase B (Akt) pathway-related proteins. Aβ1-42 concentration dependently triggered the viability loss, oxidative damage, and apoptosis in HT-22 cells. Lidocaine promoted the viability and reduced the mitochondrial impairment and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in Aβ1-42-treated HT-22 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, lidocaine activated the NGF-Akt pathway and NGF absence blocked NGF-Akt pathway, aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction as well as mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in lidocaine-administrated HT-22 cells in response to Aβ1-42. Altogether, these observations concluded that lidocaine might stimulate NGF-Akt pathway to confer protection against mitochondrial impairment and apoptosis in Aβ1-42-mediated cellular model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlian Guo
- Department of Surgical Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Zhang Z, Yang W, Wang L, Zhu C, Cui S, Wang T, Gu X, Liu Y, Qiu P. Unraveling the role and mechanism of mitochondria in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a narrative review. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:293. [PMID: 39533332 PMCID: PMC11559051 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a frequent neurological complication encountered during the perioperative period with unclear mechanisms and no effective treatments. Recent research into the pathogenesis of POCD has primarily focused on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, changes in neural synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter imbalances. Given the high-energy metabolism of neurons and their critical dependency on mitochondria, mitochondrial dysfunction directly affects neuronal function. Additionally, as the primary organelles generating reactive oxygen species, mitochondria are closely linked to the pathological processes of neuroinflammation. Surgery and anesthesia can induce mitochondrial dysfunction, increase mitochondrial oxidative stress, and disrupt mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms via various pathways, hence serving as key initiators of the POCD pathological process. We conducted a review on the role and potential mechanisms of mitochondria in postoperative cognitive dysfunction by consulting relevant literature from the PubMed and EMBASE databases spanning the past 25 years. Our findings indicate that surgery and anesthesia can inhibit mitochondrial respiration, thereby reducing ATP production, decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential, promoting mitochondrial fission, inducing mitochondrial calcium buffering abnormalities and iron accumulation, inhibiting mitophagy, and increasing mitochondrial oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction and damage can ultimately lead to impaired neuronal function, abnormal synaptic transmission, impaired synthesis and release of neurotransmitters, and even neuronal death, resulting in cognitive dysfunction. Targeted mitochondrial therapies have shown positive outcomes, holding promise as a novel treatment for POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lanbo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chengyao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuyan Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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Chen M, Yan R, Ding L, Luo J, Ning J, Zhou R. Research Advances of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2983-2995. [PMID: 37294392 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) increases postoperative dementia and mortality in patients and has no effective treatment. Although the detailed pathogenesis of PND is still elusive, a large amount of evidence suggests that damaged mitochondria may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PND. A healthy mitochondrial pool not only provides energy for neuronal metabolism but also maintains neuronal activity through other mitochondrial functions. Therefore, exploring the abnormal mitochondrial function in PND is beneficial for finding promising therapeutic targets for this disease. This article summarizes the research advances of mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder, inflammatory response and oxidative stress, mitochondrial quality control, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes, and cell death in the pathogenesis of PND, and briefly describes the application of mitochondria-targeted therapies in PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Chen
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Ruyu Yan
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Lingling Ding
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Jiansheng Luo
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Jiaqi Ning
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Ruiling Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
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Zheng X, Lin Y, Huang L, Lin X. Effect of lidocaine on cognitively impaired rats: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms in combination with CRMP2 antiphosphorylation. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1040. [PMID: 37904712 PMCID: PMC10566448 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that lidocaine has antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and nerve-protective effects. The current study investigated the effects of lidocaine on cognitive function in rats with cognitive dysfunction. METHODS A total of 48 rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 12 rats each: control group; L (lidocaine) + D (d-galactose) group, d-galactose group (D group); and D + L group. We assessed cognitive function using a Morris water maze (MWM) and pathologic changes of hippocampal sections. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) was used to detect serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in rats, and protein immunoblotting (western blot) was used to detect brain tissue proteins (collapsing response mediator protein-2 [CRMP2], phosphorylated-collapsing response mediator protein-2 [P-CRMP2], and β-amyloid protein [Aβ]). RESULTS The MWM showed that the d-gal group (284.09 ± 20.46, 5.20 ± 0.793) performed worse than the L + D (265.37 ± 22.34, 4.170 ± 0.577; p = .000) and D + L groups (254.72 ± 27.87, 3.750; p = .000) in escape latency and number of platform crossings, respectively. The L + D group (44.94 ± 2.92 pg/mL, 6.22 ± 0.50 pg/mL, and 460.02 ± 8.26 nmol/mL) and D + L group (46.88 ± 2.63 pg/mL, 5.90 ± 0.38 pg/mL, and 465.6 ± 16.07 nmol/mL) had significantly lower serum inflammatory levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and MDA than the d-gal group (57.79 ± 3.96 pg/mL, 11.25 ± 1.70 pg/mL, and 564.9 ± 15.90 nmol/mL), respectively. The L + D group (3.17 ± 0.41 μg/mL) and D + L group (3.08 ± 0.09 μg/mL) had significantly higher serum inflammatory levels of SOD than the d-gal group (2.20 ± 0.13 μg/mL) (all p = .000). The levels of CRMP2, P-CRMP2, and Aβ in the brain tissue homogenates of the L + D group (0.87 ± 0.04, 0.57 ± 0.0, and 0.16 ± 0.02) and the D + L group (0.82 ± 0.05, 0.58 ± 0.09, and 0.15 ± 0.02) were significantly different than the d-gal group (0.67 ± 0.03, 0.96 ± 0.040, and 0.29 ± 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lidocaine was shown to reduce cognitive impairment in rats with cognitive dysfunction through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress mechanisms in combination with CRMP2 antiphosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Yuerong Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Linshen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xianzhong Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated HospitalFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
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Zhuang Y, Xu J, Zheng K, Zhang H. Research progress of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. IBRAIN 2023; 10:290-304. [PMID: 39346790 PMCID: PMC11427806 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is often used in cardiothoracic surgery because its nonphysiological state causes pathophysiological changes in the body, causing multiorgan and multitissue damage to varying degrees. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common central nervous system complication after cardiac surgery. The etiology and mechanism of POCD are not clear. Neuroinflammation, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, cerebral embolism, ischemia, hypoxia, and other factors are related to the pathogenesis of POCD. There is a close relationship between CPB and POCD, as CPB can cause inflammation, hypoxia and reperfusion injury, and microemboli formation, all of which can trigger POCD. POCD increases medical costs, seriously affects patients' quality of life, and increases mortality. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment methods for POCD. Commonly used methods include preoperative health management, reducing inflammation response during surgery, preventing microemboli formation, and implementing individualized rehabilitation programs after surgery. Strengthening preventive measures can minimize the occurrence of POCD and its adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Ming Zhuang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Ji‐Yang Xu
- Department of AnesthesiologyJudicial Police Hospital of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyangChina
| | - Kun Zheng
- Department of AnesthesiologyGuizhou Provincial People's HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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Sun L, Niu K, Guo J, Tu J, Ma B, An J. Dexmedetomidine attenuates postoperative spatial memory impairment after surgery by reducing cytochrome C. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:85. [PMID: 36941579 PMCID: PMC10026454 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anesthesia and surgery can induce perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed to be one of the earliest triggering events in surgery-induced neuronal damage. Dexmedetomidine has been demonstrated to attenuate the impairment of cognition in aged rats induced by surgery in our previous study. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent hepatic apex resection under anesthesia with propofol to clinically mimic human abdominal surgery. The rats were divided into three groups: Control group, Model group and Dexmedetomidine (Dex) group. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Morris water maze (MWM), Open Field Test (OFT)and Novel object recognition task (NOR). Ultrastructural change in neuronal mitochondria was measured by transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial function was measured by mitochondrial membrane potential and activities of mitochondrial complexes. Neuronal morphology was observed with H&E staining and the activation of glial cells was observed by immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus. Protein levels were measured by Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence at 3 and 7 days after surgery. RESULTS Surgery-induced cognitive decline lasts three days, but not seven days after surgery in the model group. Transmission electron microscope showed the mitochondrial structure damage in the model group, similar changes were not induced in the Dex group. Dexmedetomidine may reverse the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial complex activity. Compared with the Control group, the expression of cytochrome c was significantly increased in model group by Western blot and immunofluorescence on days 3, but not day 7. Rats from the Model group expressed significantly greater levels of Iba-1 and GFAP compared with the Control group and the Dex group. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine appears to reverse surgery-induced behavior, mitigate the higher density of Iba-1 and GFAP, reduce the damage of mitochondrial structure and function by alleviating oxidative stress and protect mitochondrial respiratory chain, thus increasing cytochrome c oxidase (COX) expression and downregulate the expression of cytochrome c protein in the hippocampus of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Street, Weicheng District, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Kun Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain & Sleep Medicine, Medical University &Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain & Sleep Medicine, Medical University &Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingru Tu
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baofeng Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain & Sleep Medicine, Medical University &Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiong An
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Street, Weicheng District, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain& Sleep Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain & Sleep Medicine, Medical University &Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Inhibiting specificity protein 1 attenuated sevoflurane-induced mitochondrial stress and promoted autophagy in hippocampal neurons through PI3K/Akt/mTOR and α7-nAChR signaling. Neurosci Lett 2023; 794:136995. [PMID: 36464148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane, a commonly used anesthetic in surgery, is considered as an inducer of neurodegenerative diseases and postoperative complications including postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Evidence showed that specificity protein 1 (SP1) participated in the regulation of various cellular processes. Also, SP1 was found to modulate sevoflurane-induced hippocampal inflammatory injury both in vitro and in vivo. Our study aimed to illustrate the role of SP1 in mediating mitochondrial stress and autophagy in neurons under sevoflurane exposure. SiRNA for SP1 was transfected in to hippocampus neurons for the loss-of-function assay before sevoflurane stimulation. Meanwhile, recilisib was utilized for PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling activation, GTS-21 and MLA (methylycaconitine citrate) were used to activate or inactivate alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR), respectively. Sevoflurane induced SP1 upregulation and autophagy suppression. Interfering SP1 dramatically depressed the promoted oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by sevoflurane. Additionally, SP1 silence blocked sevoflurane-induced activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and inhibition of α7-nAChR. Restoring PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling or depressing CAP significantly reversed the repressive effects of SP1 knockdown on mitochondrial stress and autophagy imbalance in hippocampal cells. In conclusions, our research indicated that SP1 regulated sevoflurane-induced oxidative stress dysregulation, mitochondrial function and cell autophagy in hippocampus via mediating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and α7-nAChR pathways. Therefore, it might provide a novel sight for sevoflurane-induced hippocampus injury and POCD therapy.
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Li J, Li L, He J, Xu J, Bao F. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a potential mechanism and therapeutic target for perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1072003. [PMID: 36688154 PMCID: PMC9845955 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1072003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are frequent complications associated with cognitive impairment during the perioperative period, including acute postoperative delirium and long-lasting postoperative cognitive dysfunction. There are some risk factors for PNDs, such as age, surgical trauma, anesthetics, and the health of the patient, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is mediated by the gasdermin protein and is involved in cognitive dysfunction disorders. The canonical pathway induced by nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-, leucine-rich repeat (LRR)- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes contributes to PNDs, which suggests that targeting NLRP3 inflammasomes may be an effective strategy for the treatment of PNDs. Therefore, inhibiting upstream activators and blocking the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome may attenuate PNDs. The present review summarizes recent studies and systematically describes the pathogenesis of NLRP3 activation and regulation and potential therapeutics targeting NLRP3 inflammasomes in PNDs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Jiannan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Fangping Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Fangping Bao,
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Zhang M, Yin Y. Dual roles of anesthetics in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: Regulation of microglial activation through inflammatory signaling pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1102312. [PMID: 36776829 PMCID: PMC9911670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a prevalent clinical entity following surgery and is characterized by declined neurocognitive function. Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia is the essential mechanism of POCD. Anesthetics are thought to be a major contributor to the development of POCD, as they promote microglial activation and induce neuroinflammation. However, this claim remains controversial. Anesthetics can exert both anti- and pro-inflammatory effects by modulating microglial activation, suggesting that anesthetics may play dual roles in the pathogenesis of POCD. Here, we review the mechanisms by which the commonly used anesthetics regulate microglial activation via inflammatory signaling pathways, showing both anti- and pro-inflammatory properties of anesthetics, and indicating how perioperative administration of anesthetics might either relieve or worsen POCD development. The potential for anesthetics to enhance cognitive performance based on their anti-inflammatory properties is further discussed, emphasizing that the beneficial effects of anesthetics vary depending on dose, exposure time, and patients' characteristics. To minimize the incidence of POCD, we recommend considering these factors to select appropriate anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqing Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
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Jiang N, Lv J, Zhang Y, Sun X, Yao C, Wang Q, He Q, Liu X. Protective effects of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 against cognitive impairment induced by simulated microgravity in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1167398. [PMID: 37168997 PMCID: PMC10164943 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1167398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgravity experienced during space flight is known to exert several negative effects on the learning ability and memory of astronauts. Few effective strategies are currently available to counteract these effects. Rg1 and Rb1, the major steroidal components of ginseng, have shown potent neuroprotective effects with a high safety profile. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Rg1 and Rb1 on simulated microgravity-induced learning and memory dysfunction and its underlying mechanism in the hindlimb suspension (HLS) rat model. Administration of Rg1 (30 and 60 μmol/kg) and Rb1 (30 and 60 μmol/kg) for 2 weeks resulted in a significant amelioration of impaired spatial and associative learning and memory caused by 4-week HLS exposure, measured using the Morris water maze and Reward operating conditioning reflex (ROCR) tests, respectively. Furthermore, Rg1 and Rb1 administration alleviated reactive oxygen species production and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Rg1 and Rb1 also assisted in the recovery of mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) activities, increased the expression of Mfn2 and decreased the fission marker dynamin-related protein (Drp)-1expression. Additionally, Rg1 and Rb1 treatment increased the SYN, and PSD95 protein expressions and decreased the ratio of Bax:Bcl-2 and reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome C. Besides these, the BDNF-TrkB/PI3K-Akt pathway was also activated by Rg1 and Rb1 treatment. Altogether, Rg1 and Rb1 treatment attenuated cognitive deficits induced by HLS, mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction, attenuated oxidative stress, inhibited apoptosis, increased synaptic plasticity, and restored BDNF-TrkB/PI3K-Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinran Sun
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Yao
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghu He
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinmin Liu,
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11
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Bețiu AM, Noveanu L, Hâncu IM, Lascu A, Petrescu L, Maack C, Elmér E, Muntean DM. Mitochondrial Effects of Common Cardiovascular Medications: The Good, the Bad and the Mixed. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13653. [PMID: 36362438 PMCID: PMC9656474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are central organelles in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system via the integration of several physiological processes, such as ATP generation via oxidative phosphorylation, synthesis/exchange of metabolites, calcium sequestration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production/buffering and control of cellular survival/death. Mitochondrial impairment has been widely recognized as a central pathomechanism of almost all cardiovascular diseases, rendering these organelles important therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to occur in the setting of drug-induced toxicity in several tissues and organs, including the heart. Members of the drug classes currently used in the therapeutics of cardiovascular pathologies have been reported to both support and undermine mitochondrial function. For the latter case, mitochondrial toxicity is the consequence of drug interference (direct or off-target effects) with mitochondrial respiration/energy conversion, DNA replication, ROS production and detoxification, cell death signaling and mitochondrial dynamics. The present narrative review aims to summarize the beneficial and deleterious mitochondrial effects of common cardiovascular medications as described in various experimental models and identify those for which evidence for both types of effects is available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina M. Bețiu
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Noveanu
- Department of Functional Sciences—Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Iasmina M. Hâncu
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ana Lascu
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences—Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Lucian Petrescu
- Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Christoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Clinic Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, BMC A13, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Abliva AB, Medicon Village, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Danina M. Muntean
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences—Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
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12
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Buren MA, Theologis A, Zuraek A, Behrends M, Clark AJ, Leung JM. Lidocaine Infusion for the Management of Postoperative Pain and Delirium (LIMPP): protocol for a randomised control trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059416. [PMID: 35667730 PMCID: PMC9171272 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative delirium is a frequent adverse event following elective non-cardiac surgery. The occurrence of delirium increases the risk of functional impairment, placement to facilities other than home after discharge, cognitive impairment at discharge, as well as in-hospital and possibly long-term mortality. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of effective strategies to minimise the risk from modifiable risk factors, including postoperative pain control and the analgesic regimen. Use of potent opioids, currently the backbone of postoperative pain control, alters cognition and has been associated with an increased risk of postoperative delirium. Literature supports the intraoperative use of lidocaine infusions to decrease postoperative opioid requirements, however, whether the use of postoperative lidocaine infusions is associated with lower opioid requirements and subsequently a reduction in postoperative delirium has not been investigated. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Lidocaine Infusion for the Management of Postoperative Pain and Delirium trial is a randomised, double-blinded study of a postoperative 48-hour infusion of lidocaine at 1.33 mg/kg/hour versus placebo in older patients undergoing major reconstructive spinal surgery at the University of California, San Francisco. Our primary outcome is incident delirium measured daily by the Confusion Assessment Method in the first three postoperative days. Secondary outcomes include delirium severity, changes in cognition, pain scores, opioid use, incidence of opioid related side effects and functional benefits including time to discharge and improved recovery from surgery. Lidocaine safety will be assessed with daily screening questionnaires and lidocaine plasma levels. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study protocol has been approved by the ethics board at the University of California, San Francisco. The results of this study will be published in a peer-review journal and presented at national conferences as poster or oral presentations. Participants wishing to know the results of this study will be contacted directly on data publication. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05010148.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Alan Buren
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alekos Theologis
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ariadne Zuraek
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthias Behrends
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aaron J Clark
- Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Leung
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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13
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Qian D, Dai S, Sun Y, Yuan Y, Wang L. MiR-128-3p Attenuates the Neurotoxicity in Rats Induced by Isoflurane Anesthesia. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:714-720. [PMID: 35486353 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Isoflurane (ISO) has been widely used in clinical anesthesia, and exposure to ISO leads to cognitive dysfunction. Our paper aimed to investigate the effect of miR-128-3p on cognitive impairment, inflammation, and oxidative stress elicited by ISO anesthesia in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The SD rats were treated with ISO to mimic the ISO-injured situation, and the concentration of miR-128-3p was quantified utilizing real-time PCR. The miR-128-3p's impacts in ISO-engendered rat models on the respects of inflammatory condition and oxidative activities were measured by the commercial kits. The Morris water maze test was adopted to measure the neuro-function regarding miR-128-3p. Additionally, the target was tested by the alternation of luciferase activity. The irritation of ISO suppressed miR-128-3p expression in rats, which was enhanced by the injection of miR-128-3p agomir. The adverse roles of ISO on inflammation, oxidative stress, and cognitive disorders were partially abrogated by an increment of miR-128-3p. A miR-128-3p's interconnection with specificity protein 1 (SP1) was pinpointed, and aggrandized mRNA levels of SP1 were found under ISO state. MiR-128 acted as a regulator in ISO damage in the respects of cognition, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The SP1's link of miR-128-3p was showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shijie Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery, Dongying Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongying, 257055, China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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14
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Ni S, Li X, Yi X. Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence: Auto-Discerning the Effectiveness of Lidocaine Concentration Levels in Osteosarcoma Femoral Tumor Segment Resection. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:7069348. [PMID: 35388316 PMCID: PMC8979681 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7069348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents and children worldwide are threatened by osteosarcoma, a tumor that predominantly affects the long bone epiphysis. Osteosarcoma is the most common and highly malignant bone tumor in youngsters. Early tumor detection is the key to effective treatment of this disease. The discovery of biomarkers and the growing understanding of molecules and their complex interactions have improved the outcome of clinical trials in osteosarcoma. This article describes biomarkers of osteosarcoma with the aim of positively influencing the progress of clinical treatment of osteosarcoma. Femoral bone tumor is a typical condition of osteosarcoma. Due to the wide range of femoral stem types, complexities in the distal femur, and tumors in the rotor part of femur, physicians following the traditional clinical approach face difficulties in removing the lesion and fixing the femur with resection of the tumor segment. In this paper, the effect of small doses of different concentrations of lidocaine anesthesia in patients undergoing lumpectomy for osteosarcoma femoral tumor segments is investigated. A computer-based artificial intelligence method for automated determination of different concentration levels of lidocaine anesthesia and amputation of osteosarcoma femoral tumor segment is proposed. Statistical analysis is carried on the empirical data including intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative and postoperative pain scores, surgical operation time, postoperative complications, patient satisfaction, and local anesthetic dose. The results showed that the patients in the study group had low intraoperative bleeding, short operation time, low postoperative hematoma formation rate, high patient satisfaction, higher dosage of anesthetic solution, and low dosage of lidocaine. Results revealed that mean arterial pressure and heart rate in extubating and intubating were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group, and a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the two groups. This proves that the proposed algorithm can adequately reduce bleeding, alleviate postoperative pain, shorten operation time, reduce complications, accelerate recovery, and ensure better treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Surgery, Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Xiuna Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
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15
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Zhang X, Wu W, Luo Y, Wang Z. Transcranial photobiomodulation therapy ameliorates perioperative neurocognitive disorder through modulation of mitochondrial function in aged mice. Neuroscience 2021; 490:236-249. [PMID: 34979260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a serious nervous system complication characterized by progressive cognitive impairment, especially in geriatric population. However, the neuropathogenesis of PND is complex, and there are no approved disease-modifying therapeutic options. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been demonstrated to contribute to the occurrence and development of PND. Transcranial near-infrared (tNIR) light treatment helps to improve mitochondrial dysfunction and enhance cognition, but its effect on PND remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of tNIR light treatment on PND caused by anesthesia and surgery in aged mice. We built the PND models with 18-month C57BL/6 male mice by exploratory laparotomy under isoflurane inhalation anesthesia, and treated by tNIR light with wavelength 810 nm for 2 weeks. The short-term and long-term changes in cognitive function were analyzed by behavioral tests. We further explored the effects of tNIR light on mitochondria, synapses, neurons, and signaling pathways through different experimental methods. The results demonstrated that the cognitive impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in PND mice were ameliorated after tNIR light treatment. Further experiments demonstrated that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) increased synapse-related protein expression, neuronal survival, and protected synapse from depletion. Moreover, downregulated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) were increased after tNIR light treatment. Our results suggested that tNIR light was an effective treatment of PND through PBMT effect, accompanied by synaptic and neuronal improvement. The improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway might participate in this process. Those findings might provide a novel and noninvasive therapeutic target for PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wensi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuelian Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Zhao S, Chen F, Wang D, Han W, Zhang Y, Yin Q. NLRP3 inflammasomes are involved in the progression of postoperative cognitive dysfunction: from mechanism to treatment. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 44:1815-1831. [PMID: 32918635 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) involves patient memory and learning decline after surgery. POCD not only presents challenges for postoperative nursing and recovery but may also cause permanent brain damage for patients, including children and the aged, with vulnerable central nervous systems. Its occurrence is mainly influenced by surgical trauma, anesthetics, and the health condition of the patient. There is a lack of imaging and experimental diagnosis; therefore, patients can only be diagnosed by clinical observation, which may underestimate the morbidity, resulting in decreased treatment efficacy. Except for symptomatic support therapy, there is a relative lack of effective drugs specific for the treatment of POCD, because the precise mechanism of POCD remains to be determined. One current hypothesis is that postoperative inflammation promotes the progression of POCD. Accumulating research has indicated that overactivation of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes contribute to the POCD progression, suggesting that targeting NLRP3 inflammasomes may be an effective therapy to treat POCD. In this review, we summarize recent studies and systematically describe the pathogenesis, treatment progression, and potential treatment options of targeting NLRP3 inflammasomes in POCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Qiliang Yin
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Demirgan S, Akyol O, Temel Z, Şengelen A, Pekmez M, Ulaş O, Sevdi MS, Erkalp K, Selcan A. Intranasal levosimendan prevents cognitive dysfunction and apoptotic response induced by repeated isoflurane exposure in newborn rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:1553-1567. [PMID: 33772342 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetic-induced toxicity in early life may lead to risk of cognitive decline at later ages. Notably, multiple exposures to isoflurane (ISO) cause acute apoptotic cell death in the developing brain and long-term cognitive dysfunction. This study is the first to investigate whether levosimendan (LVS), known for its protective myocardial properties, can prevent anesthesia-induced apoptotic response in brain cells and learning and memory impairment. Postnatal day (P)7 Wistar albino pups were randomly assigned to groups consisting of an equal number of males and females in this laboratory investigation. We treated rats with LVS (0.8 mg/kg/day) intranasally 30 min before each ISO exposure (1.5%, 3 h) at P7+9+11. We selected DMSO as the drug vehicle. Also, the control group at P7+9+11 received 50% O2 for 3 h instead of ISO. Neuroprotective activity of LVS against ISO-induced cognitive dysfunction was evaluated by Morris water maze. Expression of apoptotic-related proteins was detected in the whole brain using western blot. LVS pretreatment significantly prevented anesthesia-induced deficit in spatial learning (at P28-32) and memory (at P33, P60, and P90). No sex-dependent difference occurred on any day of the training and probe trial. Intranasal LVS was also found to significantly prevent the ISO-induced apoptosis by reducing Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and by increasing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Our findings support pretreatment with intranasal LVS application as a simple strategy in daily clinical practice in pediatric anesthesia to protect infants and children from the risk of general anesthesia-induced cell death and cognitive declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Demirgan
- T.C. Health Ministry, Anesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler-Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onat Akyol
- T.C. Health Ministry, Anesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Temel
- Department of Neuroscience Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Şengelen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler-Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Murat Pekmez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozancan Ulaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler-Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salih Sevdi
- T.C. Health Ministry, Anesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kerem Erkalp
- T.C. Health Ministry, Anesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşin Selcan
- T.C. Health Ministry, Anesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Sun M, Huang S, Gao Y. Lidocaine inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:3479-3490. [PMID: 35116652 PMCID: PMC8799064 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lidocaine, an amide local anesthetic, has recently been found to have anticancer action in various cancer cells. However, the role of lidocaine in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated how lidocaine regulates the progression of EOC. METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of Snail, Wnt, β-catenin, E-cadherin, vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, MMP-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor in lidocaine-treated cells. Cell proliferation assays, cell apoptosis assays, and cell migration assays were employed to verify the function of lidocaine in EOC cells. Cell proliferation and cell migration assays were employed to verify the function of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lidocaine-treated EOC cells together with Wnt-overexpressing plasmids or inhibitor NVP-XAV939. RESULTS Lidocaine could inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induce apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells lines in a dose-dependent manner. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was involved in the suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition progression of ovarian cancer cells, which resulted in the downregulation of Snail and vimentin, as well as the upregulation of E-cadherin. Furthermore, overexpressed Wnt could reverse the carcinostatic effect of lidocaine, while Wnt inhibitor XAV-939 synergistically enhanced the antitumor effect of lidocaine. CONCLUSIONS Mechanistically, lidocaine could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of EOC by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to regulate the progression of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital of Nantong University, Nanjing, China
| | - Saisai Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yongtao Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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19
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Wu W, Peng Y, Zhou J, Zhang X, Cao L, Lin WJ, Lu Y, Wen J, Wang Z. Identification of the Potential Gene Regulatory Networks and Therapeutics in Aged Mice With Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:689188. [PMID: 34248489 PMCID: PMC8264595 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.689188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is one of the most common postoperative neurological complications in aged patients, characterized by mental disorder, anxiety, personality changes, and impaired memory. At present, the molecular mechanism of PND remains largely unclear, and the ideal biomarker for clinical diagnosis and prognosis are lacking. Circular RNA (circRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), as unique non-coding RNAs, affecting the regulation of miRNAs on genes and further intervening in the progression of diseases through the sponge action between the two. Besides, it could be served as novel biomarkers in various diseases. In order to detect the differential expression profiles of genes caused by PND, a total of 26 18-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control group and PND group. Behavioral tests showed that mice in the PND group had impaired cognitive function compared with the control group. Three mice in each group were randomly selected to harvest the brain for analysis the expressions of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs in the prefrontal cortex by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Differentially expressed genes, including 1192 circRNAs, 27 miRNAs, and 266 mRNAs were identified, and its accuracy was further confirmed by qRT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis results suggested that neuroinflammation was the main pathological mechanism of PND. The construction of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks and the identification of hub genes provided possible therapeutic targets for PND. Cinnarizine and Clemastine were predicted to have the potential therapeutic effects on PND. This is the first study to explore the differential expression profiles of genes and their regulation mechanisms in PND, our results provided new clues and targets for the treatment of this refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongpai Peng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Shen Y, Chen L, Zhang Y, Du J, Hu J, Bao H, Xing Y, Si Y. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome Ten Knockdown Attenuates Cognitive Deficits by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder. Neuroscience 2021; 468:199-210. [PMID: 34166762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a crucial regulator of neuronal development, neuronal survival, axonal regeneration, and synaptic plasticity. In this study we examined the potential role of PTEN in cognitive function in a mouse model of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND). Adult male C57BL/6J mice received intracerebroventricular injections of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against PTEN or control siRNA 3 days prior to exploratory laparotomy (n = 8 per group). A group of healthy mice not undergoing surgery included as additional control. Barnes maze and fear conditioning tests were conducted 7 days after surgery. Mice were then sacrificed to examine the expression of PTEN, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule (Iba)-1, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the hippocampus. The microglial activation was examined by immunohistochemistry using Iba-1 as a microglia maker. Nissl and terminal transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to measure cell death and apoptosis. In comparison to the healthy controls, surgically treated mice had longer latency to identify the target box in both training and testing sessions in the Barnes maze test and shorter freezing time in the fear conditioning test. Surgically treated mice had increased expression of PTEN, AMPK, Bax, IL-1β, and TNF-α, as well as increasing number of activated microglia and apoptosis neurons in the hippocampus. PTEN knockdown significantly attenuated the behavioral deficits in Barnes maze and fear conditioning tests, as well as over-expression of PTEN, AMPK, Bax, IL-1β, and TNF-α induced by surgery. PTEN knockdown could attenuate cognitive deficits induced by trauma, likely through inhibiting the activation of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanna Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Inhibition of α-Synuclein Accumulation Improves Neuronal Apoptosis and Delayed Postoperative Cognitive Recovery in Aged Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5572899. [PMID: 34194605 PMCID: PMC8181110 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5572899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) is a major complication after anesthesia and surgery in older adults. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn; encoded by the gene, SNCA) has recently been shown to play an important role in hippocampus-dependent working memory. Aggregated forms of α-syn are associated with multiple neurotoxic mechanisms, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. In this study, we found that blocking α-syn improved both mitochondrial function and mitochondria-dependent neuronal apoptosis in a mouse model of dNCR. Various forms of α-syn (including total α-syn, phosphorylated-Ser129-α-syn, and oligomers) were upregulated in hippocampal tissue and extracted mitochondria after surgical challenge. Clenbuterol is a novel transcription modulator of Scna. Clenbuterol significantly attenuated surgery-induced progressive accumulation of various toxic α-syn forms in the hippocampus, as well as mitochondrial damage and memory deficits in aged mice following surgery. We also observed excessive mitochondrial α-syn accumulation and increased mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in vitro using nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells and primary hippocampal neurons exposed to lipopolysaccharide. To further validate the neuroprotective effect of α-syn inhibition, we used a lentiviral Snca-shRNA (Lv-shSnca) to knockdown Snca. Of note, Lv-shSnca transfection significantly inhibited neuronal apoptosis mediated by the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in neurons exposed to lipopolysaccharide. This α-syn inhibition improved the disruption to mitochondrial morphology and function, as well as decreased levels of apoptosis. Our results suggest that targeting pathological α-syn may achieve neuroprotection through regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and suppression of apoptosis in the aged hippocampus, further strengthening the therapeutic potential of targeting α-syn for dNCR.
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Niu K, Qin JL, Lu GF, Guo J, Williams JP, An JX. Dexmedetomidine Reverses Postoperative Spatial Memory Deficit by Targeting Surf1 and Cytochrome c. Neuroscience 2021; 466:148-161. [PMID: 33895343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Anesthesia and surgery are associated with perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Dexmedetomidine is known to improve PND in rats; however, little is known about the mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to resection of the hepatic apex under propofol anesthesia to clinically mimic human abdominal surgery. The rats were divided into four groups: control group (C), anesthesia group (A), model group (M), and model + dex group (D). Cognitive function was evaluated with the Morris water maze (MWM). Neuronal morphology was observed with H&E staining, Nissl's staining and immunohistochemistry. Transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to investigate functional mitochondrial mRNA changes in the hippocampus. Protein levels were measured by Western blotting at 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery. Surgery-induced cognitive decline lasted for three days, but not seven days after surgery in the M group; however, rats in the D group were significantly improved by dexmedetomidine. No significant differences in the number of neurons were observed between the groups after surgery. Rats from the M group showed significantly greater expression levels of Iba-1 and GFAP compared with the C group and the D group. Rats in the M group demonstrated increased Surf1 and Cytochrome c expression on days 1 and 3, but not day 7; similar changes were not induced in rats in the D group. Dexmedetomidine appears to reverse surgery-induced behavior, mitigate the higher density of Iba-1 and GFAP, and downregulate the expression of Surf1 and Cytochrome c protein in the hippocampus of rats in a PND model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Niu
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Pain & Sleep Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University & Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Jia-Lin Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain & Sleep Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University & Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Guo-Fang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain & Sleep Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University & Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - John P Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg 15213, PA, USA.
| | - Jian-Xiong An
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Pain & Sleep Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University & Beijing Institute of Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; School of Medical Science & Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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23
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Ferroptosis contributes to isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and learning and memory impairment. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:72. [PMID: 33828088 PMCID: PMC8027876 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death, which is different from apoptosis and autophagic cell death. Recently, ferroptosis has been indicated to contribute to the in vitro neurotoxicity induced by isoflurane, which is one of the most common anesthetics in clinic. However, the in vivo position of ferroptosis in isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity as well as learning and memory impairment remains unclear. In this study, we mainly explored the relationship between ferroptosis and isoflurane-induced learning and memory, as well as the therapeutic methods in mouse model. Our results indicated that isoflurane induced the ferroptosis in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in hippocampus, the organ related with learning and memory ability. In addition, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase/Complex IV in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) was increased by isoflurane, which might further contributed to cysteine deprivation-induced ferroptosis caused by isoflurane exposure. More importantly, isoflurane-induced ferroptosis could be rescued by both ferroptosis inhibitor (ferrostatin-1) and mitochondria activator (dimethyl fumarate), which also showed effective therapeutic action against isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment. Taken together, our data indicate the close association among ferroptosis, mitochondria and isoflurane, and provide a novel insight into the therapy mode against isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment.
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Liu P, Gao Q, Guan L, Sheng W, Hu Y, Gao T, Jiang J, Xu Y, Qiao H, Xue X, Liu S, Li T. Atorvastatin Attenuates Isoflurane-Induced Activation of ROS-p38MAPK/ATF2 Pathway, Neuronal Degeneration, and Cognitive Impairment of the Aged Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:620946. [PMID: 33519423 PMCID: PMC7840608 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.620946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflurane, a widely used volatile anesthetic, induces neuronal apoptosis and memory impairments in various animal models. However, the potential mechanisms and effective pharmacologic agents are still not fully understood. The p38MAPK/ATF-2 pathway has been proved to regulate neuronal cell survival and inflammation. Besides, atorvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, exerts neuroprotective effects. Thus, this study aimed to explore the influence of atorvastatin on isoflurane-induced neurodegeneration and underlying mechanisms. Aged C57BL/6 mice (20 months old) were exposed to isoflurane (1.5%) anesthesia for 6 h. Atorvastatin (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg body weight) was administered to the mice for 7 days. Atorvastatin attenuated the isoflurane-induced generation of ROS and apoptosis. Western blotting revealed a decrease in cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression in line with ROS levels. Furthermore, atorvastatin ameliorated the isoflurane-induced activation of p38MAPK/ATF-2 signaling. In a cellular study, we proved that isoflurane could induce oxidative stress and inflammation by activating the p38MAPK/ATF-2 pathway in BV-2 microglia cells. In addition, SB203580, a selected p38MAPK inhibitor, inhibited the isoflurane-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The results implied that p38MAPK/ATF-2 was a potential target for the treatment of postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quansheng Gao
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weixuan Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sanhong Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzuo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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25
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Zhu X, Yao Y, Guo M, Li J, Yang P, Xu H, Lin D. Sevoflurane increases intracellular calcium to induce mitochondrial injury and neuroapoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2021; 336:11-20. [PMID: 33171207 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sevoflurane is commonly used in clinical anesthesia. However, some reports indicated that Sevoflurane could induce mitochondrial injury and neuroapoptosis. Although the mechanism remains unclear, evidence points to the increase of intracellular calcium after administration of Sevoflurane. Herein, we sought whether the increment of intracellular Ca2+ caused by Sevoflurane administration could induce mitochondrial injury and apoptosis in primary neurons of the hippocampus. Fluo-4-acetoxymethyl ester Ca2+ probe was used for measuring intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. LDH assay, CCK-8 assay, and Western blotting were performed to confirm Sevoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis. ROS, mPTP, and ATP production were assayed to reveal mitochondrial injury. Our results indicated that Sevoflurane increased intracellular Ca2+ and neuronal death. Sevoflurane also elevated ROS and the opening of mPTP, and decreased ATP production in neurons. The expression of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were also increased. By using calcium channel blocker Nimodipine, the increase of intracellular Ca2+ was attenuated, and the death rate of neurons, the ROS and opening of mPTP, decreased ATP production, the expressions of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were alleviated. Our study suggested that Sevoflurane could increase intracellular Ca2+ to induce mitochondrial injury and mitochondria-mediated neuroapoptosis in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yiyi Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Mingyan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Pengfeng Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Daowei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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26
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Chen Y, Zhang P, Lin X, Zhang H, Miao J, Zhou Y, Chen G. Mitophagy impairment is involved in sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17235-17256. [PMID: 32903215 PMCID: PMC7521530 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is frequently observed in elderly patients following anesthesia, but its pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Sevoflurane was reported to repress autophagy in aged rat neurons; however, the role of mitophagy, which is crucial for the control of mitochondrial quality and neuronal health, in sevoflurane-induced POCD in aged rats remains undetermined. Therefore, this study investigated whether mitophagy impairment is involved in sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction. We found sevoflurane treatment inhibited mitochondrial respiration and mitophagic flux, changes in mitochondria morphology, impaired lysosomal acidification, and increased Tomm20 and deceased LAMP1 accumulation were observed in H4 cell and aged rat models. Rapamycin counteracted ROS induced by sevoflurane, restored mitophagy and improved mitochondrial function. Furthermore, rapamycin ameliorated the cognitive deficits observed in aged rats given sevoflurane anesthesia as determined by the Morris water maze test; this improvement was associated with an increased number of dendritic spines and pyramidal neurons. Overexpression of PARK2, but not mutant PARK2 lacking enzyme activity, in H4 cells decreased ROS and Tomm20 accumulation and reversed mitophagy dysfunction after sevoflurane treatment. These findings suggest that mitophagy dysfunction could be a mechanism underlying sevoflurane-induced POCD and that activating mitophagy may provide a new strategy to rescue cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeru Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Piao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianyi Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiamin Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youfa Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang H, Wei M, Sun Q, Yang T, Lu X, Feng X, Song M, Cui L, Fan H. Lycopene ameliorates chronic stress-induced hippocampal injury and subsequent learning and memory dysfunction through inhibiting ROS/JNK signaling pathway in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111688. [PMID: 32810585 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The natural carotenoid lycopene (LYC) has strong antioxidant and neuroprotective capacities. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of LYC on chronic stress-induced hippocampal lesions and learning and memory dysfunction. Rats were administered LYC and/or chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 21 days. Morris water maze results demonstrated that LYC prevented CRS-induced learning and memory dysfunction. Histopathological staining and transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that LYC ameliorated CRS-induced hippocampal microstructural and ultrastructural damage. Furthermore, LYC alleviated CRS-induced oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. LYC also improved CRS-induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction by recovering mitochondrial membrane potential, and complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) and II (succinate dehydrogenase) activities. Moreover, LYC reduced CRS-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and decreased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end-labeled positive cells. Additionally, western blot analysis demonstrated that LYC inhibited CRS-induced activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Correlation analysis indicated that ROS levels, JNK activation, and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were positively correlated. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms revealed that the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine inhibited CRS-induced JNK activation. Furthermore, the JNK inhibitor SP600125 relieved CRS-induced hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and learning and memory dysfunction. Together, these results suggest that LYC alleviates hippocampal oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis by inhibiting the ROS/JNK signaling pathway, thereby improving CRS-induced hippocampal injury and learning and memory dysfunction. This study provides a theoretical basis and new therapeutic strategies for the application of LYC to relieve chronic stress encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Mian Wei
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qinghong Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Lu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Miao Song
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Lin Cui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Honggang Fan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Li Q, Zhang X. Genistein attenuates cognitive deficits and neuroapoptosis in hippocampus induced by ketamine exposure in neonatal rats. Synapse 2020; 75:e22181. [PMID: 32639628 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine is a frequently used anesthetic in pediatric patients that can cause cognitive impairment. Genistein, a bioactive component of soy products, has been shown to suppress neuronal death through regulating the expression of apoptosis related genes. In this study, we hypothesized that genistein could alleviate ketamine-induced cognitive impairment by ameliorating hippocampal neuronal loss and tested this hypothesis in rats. Neonatal rats were treated with ketamine and genistein. Hippocampal tissue was harvested for histological and biochemical analysis to determine neuronal apoptosis and proteins involved in the apoptotic pathways. Behavioral assays including contextual fear conditioning test and Morris water maze test were performed to assess cognitive functions, including learning and memory. We found that in fear conditioning test, genistein restored freezing time in ketamine treated rats in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, genistein attenuated impaired learning and memory in Morris water maze test in rats treated with ketamine. Additionally, ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis in rat hippocampus was attenuated by genistein treatment. Finally, we found that genistein partially restored proteins associated with apoptosis, including Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase 3, and phosphorylated GSK-3ß and Akt. Genistein suppresses hippocampal neuronal loss and cognitive disruption induced by ketamine in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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29
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Lin D, Zhu X, Li J, Yao Y, Guo M, Xu H. Ulinastatin alleviates mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis induced by isoflurane in human neuroglioma H4 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1417-1425. [PMID: 32441136 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120926242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Isoflurane has been demonstrated to induce mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis. The isoflurane-induced inflammation may be an important reason for this phenomenon. Studies have shown that ulinastatin (UTI) has an anti-inflammatory effect. Our aim was to investigate whether UTI could attenuate isoflurane-induced mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis by inhibiting inflammation. Human neuroglioma H4 cells were exposed to isoflurane with or without UTI. The ratio of cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. β-Amyloid (Aβ) peptide and cleaved caspase 3 expression were evaluated by Western blot analysis. The concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were detected by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mitochondrial structural changes were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was determined by 5,5',6,6'-Tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide (JC-1). The activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I, II, III, and IV was determined by assay kits. UTI attenuated the TNF-α and IL-1β release induced by isoflurane. UTI could also reduce mitochondrial structure damage, mitigate the decrease in Δψm, and improve ETC complexes dysfunction. Furthermore, it decreased cell apoptosis induced by isoflurane in H4 cells. UTI had no effect on isoflurane-induced Aβ expression. UTI may mitigate isoflurane-induced mitochondrial damage and cytotoxicity by inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sun H, Sun Y. Lidocaine inhibits proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cell via regulation of miR-539/EGFR axis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2866-2874. [PMID: 31299862 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1636807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite the medical uses of lidocaine has been well-characterized, the study of lidocaine's pharmacological function other the anaesthetic effect was never stopped. This study designed to reveal the effect of lidocaine on the growth and metastasis of lung cancer in vitro. Methods: A549 and NCI-H1299 cells were treated by lidocaine for 24 h. miR-539 expression in cell was silenced by transfection with the specific inhibitor. The changes in cell growth and metastasis were determined using CCK-8 assay and western blot. Luciferase activity assay was performed to assay if EGFR was a target of miR-539. Western blot was used to test the activation of EGFR downstream signalling. Results: Lidocaine suppressed the viability, migration, and invasion of A549 and NCI-H1299 cells while induced apoptotic death. Lidocaine elevated the expression of miR-539. The anti-tumour properties of lidocaine towards A549 and NCI-H1299 cells were partially attenuated when miR-539 was silenced. EGFR was a target of miR-539. Lidocaine repressed the activation of ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways also via regulating miR-539. Conclusion: The anti-growth and anti-metastatic effects of lidocaine towards lung cancer cells. The anti-tumour properties of lidocaine may be partial via up-regulation of miR-539, which blocked EGFR signalling by directly binding with EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Sun
- a Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Yan Sun
- a Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
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31
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Guo Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Cui C, Li T, Wang S. [Effect of ulinastatin on isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:850-854. [PMID: 31340920 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.07.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of ulinastatin pretreatment on isoflurane-induced mitochondria-dependent neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats. METHODS Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly assigned into control group, isoflurane group and ulinastatin group. In the latter two groups, the rats were subjected to acute exposure to 0.75% isoflurane for 6 h and pretreated with 50 000 U/kg of ulinastatin before isoflurane exposure, respectively. After the treatments, apoptosis of the hippocampal neurons was detected using TUNEL assay, and the mitochondrial membrane potential (△ ψm) was measured using JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential kit; cytochrome C release and caspase-3 activity were examined with Western blotting, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using the fluorescent probe H2DCFDA. RESULTS Compared with those in the control group, the rats with acute exposure to isoflurane showed markedly increased TUNEL-positive cells in the hippocampus (P < 0.05), which were obviously reduced by ulinastatin pretreatment (P < 0.05). The △ψm of the hippocampal neurons was significantly reduced after isoflurane exposure (P < 0.05), and was partly recovered by ulinastatin pretreatment (P < 0.05). Acute exposure to isoflurane resulted in obviously increased cellular ROS, cytochrome C release and caspase-3 activity in the hippocampal neurons (P < 0.05), and these changes were significantly inhibited by ulinastatin pretreatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ulinastatin pretreatment provides neuroprotection against isoflurane-induced apoptosis of the hippocampal neurons in rats possibly by inhibiting mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dengwen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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