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Gawrońska B, Marszałek M, Kosiński P, Podsiedlik M, Bednorz L, Zeyland J. No wonder, it is a hybrid. Natural hybridization between Jacobaea vulgaris and J. erucifolia revealed by molecular marker systems and its potential ecological impact. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10467. [PMID: 37664498 PMCID: PMC10468328 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive changes in the environment are related to modifications of the habitat. Introducing exotic species, and interbreeding between species can lead to processes that in the case of rare species or small populations threatens their integrity. Given the declining trends of many populations due to increased hybridization, early recognition of hybrids becomes important in conservation management. Natural hybridization is prevalent in Jacobaea. There are many naturally occurring interspecific hybrids in this genus, including those between Jacobaea vulgaris and its relatives. Although Jacobaea erucifolia and J. vulgaris often co-occur and are considered closely related, apart from the few reports of German botanists on the existence of such hybrids, there is no information on research confirming hybridization between them. Morphologically intermediate individuals, found in the sympatric distributions of J. vulgaris and J. erucifolia, were hypothesized to be their hybrids. Two molecular marker systems (nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers) were employed to test this hypothesis and characterize putative hybrids. Nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequencing results and taxon-specific amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fragment distribution analysis confirmed the hybrid nature of all 25 putative hybrids. The AFLP patterns of most hybrids demonstrated a closer relationship to J. erucifolia, suggesting frequent backcrossing. Moreover, they showed that several individuals previously described as pure were probably also of hybrid origin, backcrosses to J. erucifolia and J. vulgaris. This study provides the first molecular confirmation that natural hybrids between J. vulgaris and J. erucifolia occur in Poland. Hybridization appeared to be bidirectional but asymmetrical with J. vulgaris as the usual maternal parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gawrońska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and BioengineeringPoznań University of Life SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Małgorzata Marszałek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and BioengineeringPoznań University of Life SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Piotr Kosiński
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and BioengineeringPoznań University of Life SciencesPoznańPoland
- Institute of DendrologyPolish Academy of SciencesKórnikPoland
| | - Marek Podsiedlik
- Natural History Collections, Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznańPoland
| | - Leszek Bednorz
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and BioengineeringPoznań University of Life SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Joanna Zeyland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and BioengineeringPoznań University of Life SciencesPoznańPoland
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Wiggering H, Diekötter T, Donath TW. Regulation of Jacobaea vulgaris by varied cutting and restoration measures. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0248094. [PMID: 36201549 PMCID: PMC9536583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of the noxious grassland weed Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. in pastures is a threat to grazing animals. This is especially true when it dominates vegetation cover, which often occurs on non-intensively used pastures that are managed for nature-conservation, to maintain and promote biodiversity. Thus, we wanted to find management techniques to reduce J. vulgaris without harming the floral biodiversity on the pastures. We tested six different mechanical and cultural methods to reduce the presence and spread of J. vulgaris. Seven study sites in Northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein) were treated with tilling and seeding (1), tilling and hay transfer (2), mowing twice within bloom (3), mowing before seed set and combinations of mowing and seeding with a slit drill (5) or by hand (6). Our results show that cutting within the bloom of the plant at the end of June and again four weeks later, when the plant is in its second bloom was the only treatment leading to a significant reduction in population growth rate without reducing surrounding plant species richness. The study reveals that management of J. vulgaris in non-intensively used pastures is possible, while preserving species-rich grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Wiggering
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Diekötter
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias W Donath
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Utilization of Biomasses from Landscape Conservation Growths Dominated by Common Ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.) for Biomethanization. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060813. [PMID: 35336694 PMCID: PMC8953157 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The highly toxic species common ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn.) prefers to migrate into protected dry grassland biotopes and limits the use of the resulting biomass as animal feed. There is an urgent need for a safe alternative use of the contaminated biomass apart from landfill disposal. We investigated the optional utilization of biomethanization of fresh and ensiled common ragwort biomasses and evaluated their energetic potentials by estimation models based on biochemical characteristics and by standardized batch experiments. The fresh and ensiled substrates yielded 174 LN∙kg−1 oDM methane and 185 LN∙kg−1 oDM, respectively. Ensiling reduced the toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid content by 76.6%; a subsequent wet fermentation for an additional reduction is recommended. In comparison with other biomasses from landscape cultivation, ragwort biomass can be ensiled readily but has a limited energy potential if harvested at its peak flowering stage. Considering these properties and limitations, the energetic utilization is a promising option for a sustainable handling of Senecio-contaminated biomasses in landscape conservation practice and represents a safe alternative for reducing pyrrolizidine alkaloid entry into the agri-food sector.
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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of European Senecio/Jacobaea species in forage and their carry-over to milk: A review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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González-Medina S, Bevin W, Alzola-Domingo R, Chang YM, Piercy RJ. Hypoglycin A absorption in sheep without concurrent clinical or biochemical evidence of disease. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1170-1176. [PMID: 33675130 PMCID: PMC7995363 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoglycin A (HGA) intoxication after ingestion of Acer spp. tree material has never been confirmed in domesticated ruminants despite their similar grazing habitats. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether sheep have low HGA bioavailability caused by rumen HGA breakdown. ANIMALS Stomach and rumen fluid samples from 5 adult horses and 5 adult sheep respectively. Residual serum samples from 30 ewes and lambs. METHODS Experimental and retrospective cohort study. Hypoglycin A concentration was quantified in horse gastric and sheep ruminal samples after in vitro incubation with Acer pseudoplatanus seeds. Serum samples from grazing sheep (n = 20) and nursing lambs (n = 10) obtained before and after their release onto pastures with and without Sycamore seedlings were analyzed for HGA and methylenecyclopropyl-acetic acid carnitine, and serum biochemistry. RESULTS Neither ovine rumen nor equine gastric fluid affected HGA content in samples incubated for up to 2 hours. Despite HGA's detection in serum from sheep (n = 13/15; median, 23.71 ng/mL; range, 5.62-126.4 ng/mL) grazing contaminated pastures and in their nursing lambs (n = 2/5; median, 12.5 ng/mL; range, 8.82-15.67 ng/mL), there was no apparent clinical or subclinical disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Any reduced sensitivity to HGA intoxication in sheep seems unrelated to ruminal degradation. Serum HGA concentrations in sheep were similar to those of subclinically affected atypical myopathy horses. Any reduced sensitivity of sheep to HGA might be related to greater metabolic resistance rather than selective grazing habits or lower bioavailability. Hypoglycin A was found in nursing lambs, suggesting that HGA is excreted in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia González-Medina
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, London, Colorado, United Kingdom.,Equine Internal Medicine Department, James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - William Bevin
- Oakham Veterinary Hospital, Oakham, Rutland, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Alzola-Domingo
- Oakham Veterinary Hospital, Oakham, Rutland, United Kingdom.,Equine Emergency and Critical Care Department, James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, London, Colorado, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Piercy
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, London, Colorado, United Kingdom
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Hama JR, Strobel BW. Occurrence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in ragwort plants, soils and surface waters at the field scale in grassland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142822. [PMID: 33348479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA)s are natural toxins produced by a variety of plants including ragwort. The PAs present a serious health risk to human and livestock. Although these compounds have been extensively studied in food and feed, little is known regarding their environmental fate. To fill this data gap, we investigated the occurrence of PAs in ragwort plants, soils and surface waters at three locations where ragwort was the dominant plant species to better understand their environmental distribution. The concentrations of PAs were quantified during the full growing season (April-November) and assessed in relation to rain events. PA concentrations ranged from 3.2-6.6 g/kg dry weight (dw) in plants, 0.8-4.0 mg/kg dw in soils, and 6.0-529 μg/L in surface waters. Maximum PA concentrations in the soil (4 mg/kg) and water (529 μg/L) were in mid-May just before flowering. The average distribution of PAs in water was approximately 5 g/10,000 L, compared to the average amounts present in ragwort (506 kg/ha), and soil (1.7 kg/ha). In general, concentrations of PAs increase in the soil and surface water following rain events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawameer R Hama
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Bjarne W Strobel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Conspecific and heterospecific grass litter effects on seedling emergence and growth in ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246459. [PMID: 33529241 PMCID: PMC7853490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. or common ragwort is a widespread noxious grassland weed that is subject to different regulation measures worldwide. Seedling emergence and growth are the most crucial stages for most plants during their life cycle. Therefore, heterospecific grass or conspecific ragwort litter as well as soil-mediated effects may be of relevance for ragwort control. Our study examines the effects of conspecific and heterospecific litter as well as ragwort conditioned soil on seedling emergence and growth. We conducted pot experiments to estimate the influence of soil conditioning (with, without ragwort), litter type (grass, ragwort, grass-ragwort-mix) and amount (200 g/m², 400 g/m²) on J. vulgaris recruitment. As response parameters, we assessed seedling number, biomass, height and number of seedling leaves. We found that 200 g/m² grass litter led to higher seedling numbers, while litter composed of J. vulgaris reduced seedling emergence. Litter amounts of 400 g/m² had negative effects on the number of seedlings regardless of the litter type. Results for biomass, plant height and leaf number showed opposing patterns to seedling numbers. Seedlings in pots treated with high litter amounts and seedlings in ragwort litter became heavier, grew higher and had more leaves. Significant effects of the soil conditioned by ragwort on seedling emergence and growth were negligible. The study confirms that the amount and composition of litter strongly affect seedling emergence and growth of J. vulgaris. Moreover, while conspecific litter and high litter amounts negatively affected early seedling development in ragwort, those seedlings that survived accumulated more biomass and got taller than seedlings grown in heterospecific or less dense litter. Therefore, ragwort litter has negative effects in ragwort germination, but positive effects in ragwort growth. Thus, leaving ragwort litter on pastures will not reduce ragwort establishment and growth and cannot be used as management tool.
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Anholt H, Britton A. Presumptive chronic pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in 2 pygmy goats due to ingestion of tansy ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris) in southwestern British Columbia. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2017; 58:1171-1175. [PMID: 29089653 PMCID: PMC5640293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two pygmy goats from a herd of 3 animals in British Columbia died within 24 hours of exhibiting lethargy. Histopathology revealed liver failure and tansy ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris) was discovered in the goats' pasture. Goats are typically resistant to the toxic effects of tansy ragwort. This is the first report of presumed tansy ragwort toxicity in goats in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Anholt
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Heather Anholt; e-mail:
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Pearson K, Taylor A, Fuchs R, Woodward S. Characterisation and pathogenicity of Fusarium taxa isolated from ragwort (Jacobaea vulgaris) roots. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jakobs-Kreuzkraut (Senecio jacobaea): eine Ursache für Pyrrolizidin-Alkaloide im Sommerhonig? J Verbrauch Lebensm 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-015-0986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pietkiewicz P, Gornowicz-Porowska J, Bowszyc-Dmochowska M, Dmochowski M. Human Dermatitis After Skin Exposure to Jacobaea vulgaris and Spectrum of Health Hazards Induced by This Plant to Humans and Livestock. J Agromedicine 2015; 20:237-41. [PMID: 25906282 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2015.1010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Jacobaea vulgaris is a biennial or perennial herb, reaching up to 200 cm, with pinnatifid leaves and numerous yellow flowerheads borne in flat-topped corymbs. The blooming season starts in June and lasts till September. The weed prefers waysides, railway embankments, pastures, and wastelands. While considered an indigenous herb of Europe and Western Asia, it is also widely found in North and South Americas, South Africa, India, Siberia, New Zealand, and Australia, where it poses a serious threat for agriculture and local ecosystems in the absence of natural insects and pathogen species. Although the plant was utilized in Early Modern Europe as a medicine for various purposes, it contains numerous harmful ingredients. Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are responsible for allergic dermatitis and phototoxic properties of the sap, while pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) pose a serious threat to livestock after ingestion. Jacobaea vulgaris has been regarded as a noxious weed since the 19th century. In the present day, its eradication from pastures is regulated by law in many countries. Nevertheless, migrant workers might not be conscious that this weed is dangerous. In the summer of 2012, a young migrant male farm worker was seen in the University Dermatology Out-Patient Clinic in Poznan due to acute blistering Jacobaea vulgaris-induced dermatitis clinically resembling dermatitis herpetiformis (cutaneous manifestation of gluten intolerance). The biological/chemical/mechanical control of the plant in farmlands, as well as education at an early age about poisonous and injurious herbs, is advisable for preventing potentially serious health hazards, particularly to urban dwellers accidentally exposed to those plants at their urban stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Pietkiewicz
- a Autoimmune Blistering Dermatoses Section, Department of Dermatology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
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Dauer JT, McEvoy PB, Van Sickle J. Controlling a plant invader by targeted disruption of its life cycle. J Appl Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Boppré M. The ecological context of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food, feed and forage: an overview. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:260-81. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.555085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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