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Štroch M, Karlický V, Ilík P, Ilíková I, Opatíková M, Nosek L, Pospíšil P, Svrčková M, Rác M, Roudnický P, Zdráhal Z, Špunda V, Kouřil R. Spruce versus Arabidopsis: different strategies of photosynthetic acclimation to light intensity change. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:21-40. [PMID: 35980499 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The acclimation of higher plants to different light intensities is associated with a reorganization of the photosynthetic apparatus. These modifications, namely, changes in the amount of peripheral antenna (LHCII) of photosystem (PS) II and changes in PSII/PSI stoichiometry, typically lead to an altered chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio. However, our previous studies show that in spruce, this ratio is not affected by changes in growth light intensity. The evolutionary loss of PSII antenna proteins LHCB3 and LHCB6 in the Pinaceae family is another indication that the light acclimation strategy in spruce could be different. Here we show that, unlike Arabidopsis, spruce does not modify its PSII/PSI ratio and PSII antenna size to maximize its photosynthetic performance during light acclimation. Its large PSII antenna consists of many weakly bound LHCIIs, which form effective quenching centers, even at relatively low light. This, together with sensitive photosynthetic control on the level of cytochrome b6f complex (protecting PSI), is the crucial photoprotective mechanism in spruce. High-light acclimation of spruce involves the disruption of PSII macro-organization, reduction of the amount of both PSII and PSI core complexes, synthesis of stress proteins that bind released Chls, and formation of "locked-in" quenching centers from uncoupled LHCIIs. Such response has been previously observed in the evergreen angiosperm Monstera deliciosa exposed to high light. We suggest that, in contrast to annuals, shade-tolerant evergreen land plants have their own strategy to cope with light intensity changes and the hallmark of this strategy is a stable Chl a/b ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Štroch
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Václav Karlický
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ilík
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Ilíková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Opatíková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Nosek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marika Svrčková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Rác
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Roudnický
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kouřil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Structural Entities Associated with Different Lipid Phases of Plant Thylakoid Membranes—Selective Susceptibilities to Different Lipases and Proteases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172681. [PMID: 36078087 PMCID: PMC9454902 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that plant thylakoid membranes (TMs), in addition to a bilayer, contain two isotropic lipid phases and an inverted hexagonal (HII) phase. To elucidate the origin of non-bilayer lipid phases, we recorded the 31P-NMR spectra of isolated spinach plastoglobuli and TMs and tested their susceptibilities to lipases and proteases; the structural and functional characteristics of TMs were monitored using biophysical techniques and CN-PAGE. Phospholipase-A1 gradually destroyed all 31P-NMR-detectable lipid phases of isolated TMs, but the weak signal of isolated plastoglobuli was not affected. Parallel with the destabilization of their lamellar phase, TMs lost their impermeability; other effects, mainly on Photosystem-II, lagged behind the destruction of the original phases. Wheat-germ lipase selectively eliminated the isotropic phases but exerted little or no effect on the structural and functional parameters of TMs—indicating that the isotropic phases are located outside the protein-rich regions and might be involved in membrane fusion. Trypsin and Proteinase K selectively suppressed the HII phase—suggesting that a large fraction of TM lipids encapsulate stroma-side proteins or polypeptides. We conclude that—in line with the Dynamic Exchange Model—the non-bilayer lipid phases of TMs are found in subdomains separated from but interconnected with the bilayer accommodating the main components of the photosynthetic machinery.
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Húdoková H, Petrik P, Petek-Petrik A, Konôpková A, Leštianska A, Střelcová K, Kmeť J, Kurjak D. Heat-stress response of photosystem II in five ecologically important tree species of European temperate forests. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Karlický V, Kmecová Materová Z, Kurasová I, Nezval J, Štroch M, Garab G, Špunda V. Accumulation of geranylgeranylated chlorophylls in the pigment-protein complexes of Arabidopsis thaliana acclimated to green light: effects on the organization of light-harvesting complex II and photosystem II functions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:233-252. [PMID: 33948813 PMCID: PMC8382614 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00827-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light quality significantly influences plant metabolism, growth and development. Recently, we have demonstrated that leaves of barley and other plant species grown under monochromatic green light (500-590 nm) accumulated a large pool of chlorophyll a (Chl a) intermediates with incomplete hydrogenation of their phytyl chains. In this work, we studied accumulation of these geranylgeranylated Chls a and b in pigment-protein complexes (PPCs) of Arabidopsis plants acclimated to green light and their structural-functional consequences on the photosynthetic apparatus. We found that geranylgeranylated Chls are present in all major PPCs, although their presence was more pronounced in light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) and less prominent in supercomplexes of photosystem II (PSII). Accumulation of geranylgeranylated Chls hampered the formation of PSII and PSI super- and megacomplexes in the thylakoid membranes as well as their assembly into chiral macrodomains; it also lowered the temperature stability of the PPCs, especially that of LHCII trimers, which led to their monomerization and an anomaly in the photoprotective mechanism of non-photochemical quenching. Role of geranylgeranylated Chls in adverse effects on photosynthetic apparatus of plants acclimated to green light is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Karlický
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Kmecová Materová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Kurasová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Nezval
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Štroch
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Győző Garab
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári körút 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Nami F, Tian L, Huber M, Croce R, Pandit A. Lipid and protein dynamics of stacked and cation-depletion induced unstacked thylakoid membranes. BBA ADVANCES 2021; 1:100015. [PMID: 37082020 PMCID: PMC10074959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast thylakoid membranes in plants and green algae form 3D architectures of stacked granal membranes interconnected by unstacked stroma lamellae. They undergo dynamic structural changes as a response to changing light conditions that involve grana unstacking and lateral supramolecular reorganization of the integral membrane protein complexes. We assessed the dynamics of thylakoid membrane components and addressed how they are affected by thylakoid unstacking, which has consequences for protein mobility and the diffusion of small electron carriers. By a combined nuclear and electron paramagnetic-resonance approach the dynamics of thylakoid lipids was assessed in stacked and cation-depletion induced unstacked thylakoids of Chlamydomonas (C.) reinhardtii. We could distinguish between structural, bulk and annular lipids and determine membrane fluidity at two membrane depths: close to the lipid headgroups and in the lipid bilayer center. Thylakoid unstacking significantly increased the dynamics of bulk and annular lipids in both areas and increased the dynamics of protein helices. The unstacking process was associated with membrane reorganization and loss of long-range ordered Photosystem II- Light-Harvesting Complex II (PSII-LHCII) complexes. The fluorescence lifetime characteristics associated with membrane unstacking are similar to those associated with state transitions in intact C. reinhardtii cells. Our findings could be relevant for understanding the structural and functional implications of thylakoid unstacking that is suggested to take place during several light-induced processes, such as state transitions, photoacclimation, photoinhibition and PSII repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Nami
- Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lijin Tian
- Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Huber
- Department of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anjali Pandit
- Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author:
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Ilík P, Špundová M, Šicner M, Melkovičová H, Kučerová Z, Krchňák P, Fürst T, Večeřová K, Panzarová K, Benediktyová Z, Trtílek M. Estimating heat tolerance of plants by ion leakage: a new method based on gradual heating. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1278-1287. [PMID: 29573424 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heat tolerance of plants related to cell membrane thermostability is commonly estimated via the measurement of ion leakage from plant segments after defined heat treatment. To compare heat tolerance of various plants, it is crucial to select suitable heating conditions. This selection is time-consuming and optimizing the conditions for all investigated plants may even be impossible. Another problem of the method is its tendency to overestimate basal heat tolerance. Here we present an improved ion leakage method, which does not suffer from these drawbacks. It is based on gradual heating of plant segments in a water bath or algal suspensions from room temperature up to 70-75°C. The electrical conductivity of the bath/suspension, which is measured continuously during heating, abruptly increases at a certain temperature TCOND (within 55-70°C). The TCOND value can be taken as a measure of cell membrane thermostability, representing the heat tolerance of plants/organisms. Higher TCOND corresponds to higher heat tolerance (basal or acquired) connected to higher thermostability of the cell membrane, as evidenced by the common ion leakage method. The new method also enables determination of the thermostability of photochemical reactions in photosynthetic samples via the simultaneous measurement of Chl fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Ilík
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Špundová
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šicner
- Photon Systems Instruments Ltd, 664 24, Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Melkovičová
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kučerová
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krchňák
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Fürst
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Večeřová
- Laboratory of Ecophysiological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Panzarová
- Photon Systems Instruments Ltd, 664 24, Drásov, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Trtílek
- Photon Systems Instruments Ltd, 664 24, Drásov, Czech Republic
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