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Carmo E, Brazão N, Carvalho J. The Primary Prevention of Sexual Violence Against Adolescents in School and Community Settings: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2025; 62:656-672. [PMID: 38940424 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2024.2367562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Sexual Violence (SV) is a public health problem with serious long-term consequences for victims. This scoping review aimed at summarizing the implementation, methodology, characteristics, and efficacy of SV prevention programs conducted in school and community settings with middle and high school students. This study also gathered recommendations for future research. Studies were searched in three databases: EBSCOHOST, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Eighty-six peer-reviewed empirical studies about SV prevention programs applied in school and community settings with samples of middle and high school students were analyzed. Most original studies (46.3%) used sexual violence outcomes, although many approached sexual violence in the context of dating violence (43.3%). Most SV prevention programs were applied in the U.S.A. although studies were identified across the globe. Prevention programs tend to reduce SV attitudes, perpetration, and victimization and to increase SV knowledge, as well as bystander attitudes and behaviors. The evidence reveals the efficacy of these programs, although future studies are needed to clarify the specificities of SV prevention. This article provides recommendations considering the measurement of SV outcomes, the role of technology, the involvement of adults and communities, the timing of interventions, sexual education, and reporting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Carmo
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto
| | - Nélio Brazão
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, CINEICC - Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto
- William James Center for Research, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro
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Camacho Soto JN, Exner-Cortens D, McMorris C, Madigan S. Secondary and Tertiary Prevention for Adolescent Dating Violence: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:3938-3950. [PMID: 39077987 PMCID: PMC11545201 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241265384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a pervasive public health issue associated with numerous social, psychological, and physical health consequences. Thus, programs are often implemented to prevent ADV and promote healthy relationships. Although there is a growing body of literature on primary ADV prevention strategies (i.e., prevention), little is known about secondary (e.g., early intervention) and tertiary (e.g., manage and reduce impact once occurring) ADV prevention approaches. This systematic review, guided by Cochrane Review methodology, summarizes available evidence on secondary and tertiary ADV preventive interventions. The search had no date restriction and was conducted in eight databases in November 2022. Studies published in English and/or Spanish were included if they described the development, implementation, and/or evaluation of a secondary and/or tertiary preventive intervention for ADV. After screening the titles and abstracts of 3,645 articles, 31 articles were included in this study, reporting on 14 secondary, 3 primary/secondary, 6 secondary/tertiary, and 1 tertiary ADV preventive intervention. The included studies highlighted that available secondary ADV prevention strategies are quite effective in preventing ADV victimization and perpetration, and that the effects may be strongest for teens with a higher risk of being involved in an abusive relationship. The only included study that reported on a tertiary intervention was a program development study. Based on the lack of tertiary prevention strategies available for ADV, clinical interventions focusing on treating and reducing negative consequences after ADV are needed.
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Schalk D, Fernandes C. How Health Professionals Identify and Respond to Perpetrators of Domestic and Family Violence in a Hospital Setting: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:3405-3418. [PMID: 38656268 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241246783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
There is heightened awareness that a whole-of-systems approach to perpetrator responses is key to addressing domestic and family violence (DFV). This paper reports on the findings from a scoping review which mapped the international literature on how health professionals identify and respond to perpetrators of DFV within a hospital setting. A comprehensive scoping review methodology was used. The search, spanning January 2010 to January 2022, yielded 12,380 publications from four databases. Eligibility for inclusion included peer-reviewed literature with any reference to inpatient hospital health professionals identifying or responding to perpetrators of DFV. Fourteen articles were included in the final review. The review presents the literature categorized by levels of prevention, from primary, secondary, through to tertiary preventive interventions. An additional category "other practices" is added to capture practices which did not fit into existing levels. Despite glimpses into how health professionals can identify, and respond to perpetrators of DFV, the current knowledge base is sparse. The review did not identify any mandated or formal procedures for identifying and/screening or responding to perpetration of abuse in hospitals. Rather, responses to perpetrators are inconsistent and rely on the motivation, skill, and self-efficacy of health professionals rather than an embedded practice that is driven and informed by hospital policy or procedures. The literature paints a picture of missed opportunities for meaningful work with perpetrators of DFV in a hospital setting and highlights a disjuncture between policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Schalk
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, South Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Australia
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Chawla SA, Solomon J, Sarnquist C. A Review of Evidence-Based Dating Violence Prevention Programs With Behavioral Change Outcomes for Adolescents and Young Adults. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:3315-3331. [PMID: 38671574 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241246779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent dating violence (DV) is not only a social but also a public health problem, necessitating the development and scale-up of prevention strategies. We conducted a review of the literature to identify adolescent and young adult DV prevention programs that have shown promising behavioral outcomes. The literature search covered articles published from 1996 to 2022 and indexed in Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Embase. The review focused on programs implemented and evaluated in the United States or Canada that included intervention and comparison groups, a baseline assessment, and at least one post-assessment conducted after the intervention exposure. Promising behavioral outcomes were defined as positive, statistically significant differences between intervention and comparison groups with respect to DV perpetration or victimization or bystander behavior in relation to DV. A total of 118 articles were screened by abstract and read in-depth. Eighteen programs that met the inclusion criteria were identified. Of these programs, one showed reductions in DV victimization, six showed reductions in DV perpetration, and nine showed behavioral reductions in both violence perpetration and victimization. The review highlighted that while multiple programs have demonstrated efficacy in preventing or reducing intimate partner violence in North American youth populations, more robust research on the replication of these programs outside researcher-controlled environments is needed. Furthermore, issues with program inclusivity, such as with sex and gender-minority individuals, should be considered in future intervention development and replication research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Amy Chawla
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Clea Sarnquist
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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de Moura JQ, Saratt MM, da Silva SCS, Silva VC, Murta SG, Habigzang LF. Adaptation and feasibility assessment of a dating violence prevention program for girls in foster care. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2024; 37:9. [PMID: 38483652 PMCID: PMC10940555 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dating violence in adolescence is a serious public health issue due to its significant impact on mental health and its significant predictive value for intimate partner violence in adulthood. Universal and selective programs can contribute to the prevention of this issue. Nonetheless, there are few selective programs with evidence of feasibility in contexts of social vulnerability. OBJECTIVE The present study examined evidence of the feasibility of a dating violence selective prevention program for girls in foster care by monitoring process indicators during the implementation phase of a pilot study. METHODS The program, originally designed for adolescents in the general population, was adapted to the context of girls at risk. The pilot study was conducted in the southern region of Brazil and involved the participation of six girls aged between 15 and 17. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were used, and the data were explored through frequency analysis, the Jacobson and Truax test, and content analysis. RESULTS The study identified favorable evidence regarding demand, acceptability, and adaptation of the intervention. On the other hand, contextual and institutional barriers hindered recruitment and restricted the reach of the intervention. CONCLUSION Although there are changes to be made to improve the program's applicability in its specific context, it should be emphasized that this study provides evidence to maintain the methods and content of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julliane Quevedo de Moura
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Prédio 11, 9º Floor, Room 924, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619900, Brazil.
| | - Manoela Mosena Saratt
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Prédio 11, 9º Floor, Room 924, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619900, Brazil
| | | | - Victória Caroline Silva
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Prédio 11, 9º Floor, Room 924, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619900, Brazil
| | - Sheila Giardini Murta
- Departamento de Psicologia Clínica, Universidade de Brasília, SQN 606, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, ICC Sul, IP-PCL Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, 70910900, Brazil
| | - Luísa Fernanda Habigzang
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Prédio 11, 9º Floor, Room 924, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619900, Brazil
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Jarvis L, Randell KA. The Health Care Provider's Role in Addressing Adolescent Relationship Abuse. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023; 70:1087-1102. [PMID: 37865432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) is highly prevalent across all sociodemographic groups with negative outcomes in multiple domains of health. Using a healing-centered engagement approach, health care providers can support healthy adolescent relationships and connect ARA survivors to resources and supports to ensure health and well-being. Essential components of health care support for adolescents experiencing ARA include validation of disclosure, assessing safety, a warm hand-off to advocacy resources, addressing immediate and long-term health needs, and connection to a trusted adult. Informing adolescents about limits of confidentiality and use of shared decision-making after ARA disclosure recognizes adolescents' lived experiences and emerging autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenore Jarvis
- Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 111 Michigan Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Kimberly A Randell
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Tiffany-Appleton S, Mickievicz E, Ortiz Y, Migliori O, Randell KA, Rothman EF, Chaves-Gnecco D, Rosen D, Miller E, Ragavan MI. Adolescent Relationship Abuse Prevention in Pediatric Primary Care: Provider, Adolescent, and Parent Perspectives. Acad Pediatr 2023; 23:1151-1158. [PMID: 36584939 PMCID: PMC10293467 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) is associated with myriad negative health outcomes. Pediatric primary care presents an opportunity to engage adolescents and parents, who can be protective against ARA, in ARA prevention; however, no family-focused, health care-based ARA interventions exist. The purpose of this study is to explore the perspectives of adolescents, parents, and health care providers (HCPs) on incorporating ARA prevention into primary care, including 1) current discussions around ARA, 2) how to best include ARA prevention education, and 3) how to address implementation barriers. METHODS We conducted individual, semi-structured interviews with HCPs, adolescents ages 11 to 15, and parents recruited through convenience sampling. Transcripts were individually coded by 4 study team members (with every third transcript co-coded to assess discrepancies) and analyzed via thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants identified a need for pediatric HCPs to involve younger adolescents and parents in universal, inclusive ARA prevention and noted that HCPs require training, techniques, and resources around ARA. Participants acknowledged multilevel barriers to implementing primary care-based ARA prevention. They suggested that ARA education be intentionally integrated into HCP and clinic workflows and recommended strategies to garner adolescent and parent buy-in to facilitate ARA-focused conversations. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric primary care is a promising environment to involve parents and adolescents in universal ARA-prevention. Future research should contextualize these results with larger samples across multiple practice settings and integrate relevant partners in the development and evaluation of evidenced-based ARA prevention for pediatric primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tiffany-Appleton
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (S Tiffany-Appleton, E Mickievicz, Y Ortiz, O Migliori, D Chaves-Gnecco, and MI Ragavan), Pittsburgh, Pa; University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work (S Tiffany-Appleton and D Rosen), Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Erin Mickievicz
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (S Tiffany-Appleton, E Mickievicz, Y Ortiz, O Migliori, D Chaves-Gnecco, and MI Ragavan), Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Yanet Ortiz
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (S Tiffany-Appleton, E Mickievicz, Y Ortiz, O Migliori, D Chaves-Gnecco, and MI Ragavan), Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Olivia Migliori
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (S Tiffany-Appleton, E Mickievicz, Y Ortiz, O Migliori, D Chaves-Gnecco, and MI Ragavan), Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Kimberly A Randell
- Children's Mercy (KA Randell), Kansas City, Mo; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine (KA Randell); University of Kansas School of Medicine (KA Randell), Kansas City, Kans
| | - Emily F Rothman
- Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health (EF Rothman), Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine (EF Rothman), Boston, Mass
| | - Diego Chaves-Gnecco
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (S Tiffany-Appleton, E Mickievicz, Y Ortiz, O Migliori, D Chaves-Gnecco, and MI Ragavan), Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Daniel Rosen
- University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work (S Tiffany-Appleton and D Rosen), Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (E Miller), Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Maya I Ragavan
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (S Tiffany-Appleton, E Mickievicz, Y Ortiz, O Migliori, D Chaves-Gnecco, and MI Ragavan), Pittsburgh, Pa.
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Piolanti A, Jouriles EN, Foran HM. Assessment of Psychosocial Programs to Prevent Sexual Violence During Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2240895. [PMID: 36346627 PMCID: PMC9644260 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.40895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Sexual violence is a public health problem that affects adolescents globally. To our knowledge, no meta-analysis of prevention programs for adolescent sexual violence has been conducted. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of psychosocial programs for preventing sexual violence during adolescence. DATA SOURCES Peer-reviewed articles published in English were searched in PsycINFO, ERIC, PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science databases through December 2021. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they were randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy of a psychosocial prevention program targeting sexual violence and delivered to adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to identify studies. The quality of individual studies was assessed with the Revised Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. A random-effects model was used to pool odds ratios (ORs). Exploratory subgroup and metaregression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between moderators and effect sizes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes were perpetration of sexual violence, experience of sexual violence, and a composite measure of any perpetration or experience of sexual violence. RESULTS Data were analyzed from 20 trials involving 37 294 adolescents. Compared with control conditions, prevention programs were associated with a significant reduction in the perpetration (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.95; P = .005) and experience (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.98; P = .02) of sexual violence, as well as a 13% significant reduction of any sexual violence (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.97; P = .009). Exploratory analyses of the combination of program setting and participant age indicated that programs that were delivered in school settings and targeted at adolescents aged 15 to 19 years yielded significantly larger effect sizes (Cochran Q = 4.8; P = .03) compared with programs that were either delivered outside of a school setting or targeted younger adolescents. Quality assessment of trials revealed concerns of risk of bias across several included studies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this meta-analysis, evidence suggested that prevention programs were associated with reducing adolescent sexual violence, especially when implemented at school with older adolescents. However, there is need for additional high-quality research. Prevention of adolescent sexual violence remains understudied compared with other similarly important public health prevention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Piolanti
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | | | - Heather M. Foran
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
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Piolanti A, Foran HM. Psychological violence in dating relationships among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevention programs. Prev Med 2022; 159:107053. [PMID: 35469775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Teen Psychological Dating Violence (TPDV) is a serious public health concern. However, there is limited evidence on the capacity of programs to prevent this form of violence. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs to evaluate the efficacy of prevention programs for TPDV. PsycINFO/Eric/PsycArticles, PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception through January 2021 to identify RCTs of prevention programs for adolescents that reported a measure of TPDV. The effect sizes were computed as the difference between the prevention program and control group at post or follow-up assessment by calculating Hedges's g with a random-effect model. Thirteen trials met inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. There was a small but significant effect size in favor of the prevention group as compared to the control condition for victimization (g = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.37; p < 0.001) and perpetration (g = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.37; p < 0.001) of TPDV. Overall, the combined effect size for any TPDV perpetration/victimization was 0.22 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.34; p < 0.001). Exploratory subgroup analysis showed that programs implemented at multiple levels (such as home, school, community) reported significantly larger effect sizes compared to single-level interventions. Significant differences in effect sizes were also associated with the type of scale used to assess TPDV. Current evidence suggests that intervention programs for TPDV may be effective, particularly when implemented at multiple levels. Further research focusing on refining tools to assess TPDV is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Piolanti
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria..
| | - Heather M Foran
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
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Rothman EF, Paruk J, Cuevas CA, Temple JR, Gonzales K. The Development of the Measure of Adolescent Relationship Harassment and Abuse (MARSHA): Input From Black and Multiracial, Latinx, Native American, and LGBTQ+ Youth. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:2126-2149. [PMID: 32627640 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520936367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This formative research study was designed to collect opinion data from adolescents historically underrepresented in adolescent dating abuse (ADA) research measure development. Eight in-person focus groups and 7 telephone-based one-on-one interviews were conducted with U.S. youth aged from 11 to 20 years (N=48). We conducted two focus groups with Black, Multiracial, Latinx, Native American, and LGBTQ+ youth. Seven LGBTQ+ youth participated in one-on-one telephone-based interviews. Focus group participants and interview subjects were asked the same 11 questions from a semi-structured focus group question guide. Five questions were on the topic of dating behaviors in general. In addition, six questions were asked for reactions to a paper-based list of 75 abusive acts. Youth generated ideas for 10 new possible cyber-ADA items and 14 emotionally abusive items for inclusion on the ADA measurement instrument. They did not generate any new physical or sexual ADA items. Youth identified 14 acts that they felt should not be on the measure, either because the acts were not abusive and too common, because they could not understand the item, or because it seemed unrealistic as an act of ADA. The study faced several limitations and was a good first step toward enriching the cultural inclusivity of ADA measurement instrument. Continued attention to inclusionary research that seeks to understand the cultural milieux of diverse participants is essential for violence prevention scholarship and subsequent health programming and policy that derive from it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos A Cuevas
- Violence and Justice Research Laboratory, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kelly Gonzales
- Oregon Health Science University - Portland State University, School of Public Health, OR, USA
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Piolanti A, Foran HM. Efficacy of Interventions to Prevent Physical and Sexual Dating Violence Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:142-149. [PMID: 34842911 PMCID: PMC8630665 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Sexual and physical dating violence is prevalent among adolescents and is associated with adverse health effects. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to assess the efficacy of prevention programs for sexual and physical dating violence in adolescents. DATA SOURCES Search terms were combined for dating violence, adolescents, and randomized clinical trials in PsycINFO/Eric/PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from inception through April 2021. STUDY SELECTION Included studies had a randomized design of any type examining the efficacy of an intervention to reduce dating violence among adolescents and provided at least 1 measure of sexual or physical dating violence. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data extraction coded characteristics of trials, participants, and interventions and assessed risk of bias using the Revised Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. Outcomes were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore the target population and intervention factors associated with positive outcomes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The odds ratio (OR) was calculated for 3 different outcomes: (1) sexual dating violence, (2) physical dating violence, and (3) composite measures of sexual and physical dating violence. For each outcome, separate analyses were conducted for survivorship and perpetration scores. We also combined the scores of physical/sexual violence and perpetration/survivorship of teen dating violence into a single composite overall outcome including all studies. RESULTS Eighteen trials (22 781 adolescents) were included. Overall, interventions were associated with reduced physical and sexual dating violence (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69-0.89; P < .001). Separate analyses further indicated that this association was significant for physical violence perpetration (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59-0.92; P = .01) and survivorship (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.95; P = .01). For sexual violence, the association was not statistically significant. Exploratory subgroup analyses revealed that trials targeting at-risk youth, older adolescents (age >15 years), and trials involving parents in the intervention reported significantly larger effect sizes. Meta-regression analyses did not show any significant associations between intervention effect sizes and length or intensity of the programs. Publication bias was observed, but the adjusted ORs remained significant. Three studies reported iatrogenic associations. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Findings from this study suggest that prevention programs may be effective in reducing physical teen dating violence, but there is unclear evidence of the effect on sexual violence outcomes. Further research assessing the active ingredients of interventions, especially in the area of sexual dating violence, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Piolanti
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Heather M. Foran
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
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Temple JR, Baumler E, Wood L, Thiel M, Peskin M, Torres E. A Dating Violence Prevention Program for Middle School Youth: A Cluster Randomized Trial. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2021-052880. [PMID: 34615696 PMCID: PMC9645690 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-052880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial to test the a priori hypothesis that students attending an intervention middle school would be less likely to report physical adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) 1 year later compared with students attending a control school. Secondary objectives were to determine if the intervention reduced substance misuse, bullying, and fighting. METHODS Twenty-four Texas public middle schools were matched by the size of student enrollment, number of economically disadvantaged students, and race and ethnicity of the student body and randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 12; 1237 participants) or the control (n = 12; 1531participants) group. The intervention, Fourth R, is a classroom-based curriculum delivered by existing teachers and consists of 21 lessons on injury prevention, substance use, and growth and development. RESULTS Participants (50% female) self-reported ethnicity as Hispanic or Latinx (35%), Black or African American (24%), Asian American (17%), White (8%), and multiethnicity or other (16%). Among those who have dated, students in the intervention schools were less likely to report perpetrating physical ARA (intervention = 14.9% versus control = 18.3%) relative to students in the control schools (adjusted odds ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.43-1.00; P = .05). In the overall sample, no significant differences emerged between control and intervention groups with respect to substance misuse, fighting, and bullying. CONCLUSIONS The middle school version of Fourth R is effective in reducing physical ARA perpetration over at least 1 year. The intervention did not have an effect on bullying perpetration, physical fighting with peers, and substance misuse. Long-term assessment, especially follow-up that covers the transition to high school, is needed to examine the program benefit on key outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff R. Temple
- Center for Violence Prevention, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Baumler
- Center for Violence Prevention, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Leila Wood
- Center for Violence Prevention, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Melanie Thiel
- Center for Violence Prevention, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Melissa Peskin
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Torres
- Center for Violence Prevention, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Galende N, Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Jaureguizar J, Redondo I. Cyber Dating Violence Prevention Programs in Universal Populations: A Systematic Review. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:1089-1099. [PMID: 33299362 PMCID: PMC7721295 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s275414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the technological revolution of recent decades has produced undeniable advances, it has also generated problems derived from new forms of human communication, especially among the younger population. This is the case with cyber dating violence, a problem that affects between 12% and 56% of young couples, making the need for preventive intervention patently evident. This study attempts to fill a gap in the literature in this field, carrying out a systematic review of universal cyber dating violence prevention programs, analyzing their characteristics and the evidence provided of their effectiveness. Following the PRISMA method, only 3 programs met the inclusion criteria: the DARSI program, the Dat-e Adolescence program and the Brief Incremental Theory of Personality (ITP) adolescent dating violence prevention program. All were reported to be effective, based on different indicators. Given the small body of work published to date and the limitations of the aforementioned programs, future research should aim to design and validate a greater number of programs that serve as tools for addressing this problem in a timely manner, in order to avoid not only the serious consequences it has for victims, but also its escalation towards adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Galende
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain
| | - Naiara Ozamiz-Etxebarria
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain
| | - Joana Jaureguizar
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain
| | - Iratxe Redondo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, Lejona, Spain
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