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Sloan CJ, Forrester E, Lanza S, Feinberg ME, Fosco GM. Examining profiles of convergence and divergence in reports of parental warmth: Links to adolescent developmental problems. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38618936 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Parental warmth during the transition from childhood to adolescence is a key protective factor against a host of adolescent problems, including substance use, maladjustment, and diminished well-being. Moreover, adolescents and parents often disagree in their perceptions of parenting quality, and these discrepancies may confer risk for problem outcomes. The current study applies latent profile analysis to a sample of 687 mother-father-6th grade adolescent triads to identify patterns of adolescent-parent convergence and divergence in perceptions of parental warmth. Five profiles were identified, and associations with adolescent positive well-being, substance use, and maladjustment outcomes in 9th grade were assessed. Patterns of divergence in which adolescents had a pronounced negative perception of parental warmth compared to parents, as well as those wherein pronounced divergence was present in only one adolescent-parent dyad, were associated with diminished positive well-being compared to adolescents who had more positive perceptions of warmth than parents. Having more negative perceptions of warmth compared to parents was also associated with elevated risk for alcohol and marijuana initiation, but only when the divergence was pronounced rather than more moderate. These findings add nuance to findings from previous between-family investigations of informant discrepancies, calling for further family-centered methods for investigating multiple perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie J Sloan
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Lanza
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, University Park, PA, USA
- Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mark E Feinberg
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gregory M Fosco
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, University Park, PA, USA
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Marceau K. The role of parenting in developmental trajectories of risk for adolescent substance use: a bioecological systems cascade model. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1277419. [PMID: 38054168 PMCID: PMC10694242 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1277419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parenting is a key influence and prevention target for adolescent substance use, and changes dramatically in form and function during adolescence. This theoretical synthesis reviews evidence of associations of substance use-specific parenting behaviors, dimensions, and styles with adolescent substance use, and integrates key developmental and family theories (e.g., bioecological, dynamical systems, family systems, developmental cascades) and methodological-conceptual advances to illustrate the complex role that parenting plays for the development of adolescent substance use in combination with child and contextual influences. The resulting bioecological systems cascade model centers the dynamic co-development of parenting and child influences in developmental cascades that lead to more or less risk for adolescent substance use. These trajectories are initiated by intergenerational influences, including genetics, parents' familial environments, and child-parent attachment. Culture and context influences are a holistic backdrop shaping parent-adolescent trajectories. Parenting is influences are conceptualized as a complex process by which specific parenting behaviors are informed by and accumulate into parenting dimensions which together comprise general parenting styles and are informed by the broader family context. The co-development of parenting and child biobehavioral risk is shaped by both parents and children, including by the genetics and environments they do and do not share. This co-development is dynamic, and developmental transitions of individuals and the family lead to periods of increased lability or variability that can change the longer-term trajectories of children's risk for substance use. Methodological avenues for future studies to operationalize the model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Tang Y, Shao Y, He T, Wang Y, Hinshaw SP, Lin X. Latent profiles of adolescents' relationships with parents and siblings: Associations with emotional and behavioral responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-12. [PMID: 36540694 PMCID: PMC9756743 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the latent profiles of Chinese adolescents' family (parent-adolescent and sibling) relationships prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as associations between those profiles and adolescents' emotional and behavioral responses. A total of 2,305 adolescents from China aged between 10 and 18 years completed measures of parent-adolescent relationships, sibling relationships, and emotional and behavioral responses during the pandemic. Four profiles of family relationships were identified via latent profile analysis and categorized as Cohesive-Decline, Mild-Decline, Conflictual-Stable, and Indifferent-Stable. Adolescents with a Conflictual-Stable profile reported more emotional and behavioral responses compared to the other profiles. In contrast, adolescents with a Cohesive-Decline profile exhibited fewer emotional responses compared to the other profiles. Adolescents with a Mild-Decline profile had fewer emotional responses than those with an Indifferent-Stable profile. These results shed light on the patterns and consequences of family relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic and have substantial implications for interventions involving family relationships in the context of regular epidemic prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Yingmiao Shao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Ting He
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 China
| | - Stephen P. Hinshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Xiuyun Lin
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Xia M, Bray BC, Fosco GM. Triadic family structures and their day-to-day dynamics from an adolescent perspective: A multilevel latent profile analysis. FAMILY PROCESS 2022; 61:1341-1357. [PMID: 34532850 PMCID: PMC8924019 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Relationship structure (patterns of relative closeness among multiple family members) and dynamics (changes in relationship structures overtime) are two main aspects of family system functioning, yet empirical tests of these concepts lag behind theory. Recent growth in advanced methods for complex data structures makes it possible to empirically capture structures and dynamics within multiple family relationships overtime. To answer how relationship structure may fluctuate from day to day, this study used multilevel latent profile analysis (MLPA) as an innovative and feasible method to capture mother-father-adolescent (MFA) relationship structures and dynamics on a daily basis. Using daily adolescent reports of mother-father (MF), mother-adolescent (MA), and father-adolescent (FA) closeness from 144 two-parent families for up to 21 days, we identified six day-level MFA structures: Cohesive (33% of days; three close dyads), Mother-Centered (9%; closer MF, average MA, less close FA), Adolescent-Centered (4%; less close MF, closer MA and FA), MA-Coalition (3%; closer MA, less close MF and FA), Disengaged (23%; three less close dyads), and Average (28%; three approximately average dyads). We identified five types of MFA dynamics at the family level: Stable Cohesive (35% of families; exhibited Cohesive structure most days), Stable Disengaged (20%; Disengaged structure most days), Stable MA-Coalition (3%; MA-Coalition structure most days), Stable Average (24%; Average structure most days), and Variable (17%; varied among multiple structures). Methodologically, daily diary designs and MLPA can be useful tools to empirically examine concrete hypotheses of complex, non-linear processes in family systems. Substantive and methodological implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Xia
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama
| | - Bethany C. Bray
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, The University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Gregory M. Fosco
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
- The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University
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Maxwell AM, Harrison K, Rawls E, Zilverstand A. Gender Differences in the Psychosocial Determinants Underlying the Onset and Maintenance of Alcohol Use Disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:808776. [PMID: 35360152 PMCID: PMC8964095 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.808776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of different mechanisms have been linked to Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), including psychosocial, neurocognitive, affective, and neurobiological factors. Gender has been shown to impact the presentation and progression of AUD; yet, little work has been done to parse the different mechanisms underlying AUD within the lens of gender differences. A review of the literature on adolescence revealed that psychosocial factors, in particular lack of family social support and interactions with peers, drive the onset of alcohol use more strongly in girls relative to boys. However, research done on gender differences in disease progression in adults remains limited. Our gender-specific analysis of the mechanisms underlying AUD in adults revealed that lack of social support was causally linked to negative affect, mental health symptoms, and AUD symptom severity in women, but not men. These novel results suggest that psychosocial factors may play a gender-specific role not only in the onset of use in adolescence, but also in the maintenance of addiction in adults. If confirmed, this suggests the need for investigating gender-specific recovery trajectories. In this perspective piece, we review the literature regarding gender differences in the onset and maintenance of AUD and present original data that support unique risk factors in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Maxwell
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrea M. Maxwell,
| | - Katherine Harrison
- Graduate Program in Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Eric Rawls
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Anna Zilverstand
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Family relationships and DSM-5 personality domains in adolescence: A person- and variable-based approach. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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LoBraico EJ, Bray BC, Feinberg ME, Fosco GM. Constellations of family risk for long-term adolescent antisocial behavior. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2020; 34:587-597. [PMID: 32052984 PMCID: PMC7375013 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent antisocial behavior (ASB) can have long-term individual and societal consequences. Much of the research on the development of ASB considers risk and protective factors in isolation or as cumulative indices, likely overlooking the co-occurring and interacting nature of these factors. Guided by theories of ASB risk (i.e., coercive family process, disengagement), this study uses latent profile analysis to evaluate whether there are subgroups of families in the population that conform to specific constellations of risk factors prescribed by established theories of risk for ASB, and whether subgroup membership confers differential risk for different ASBs. We leveraged a large sample of adolescents in Fall, Grade 6 (N = 5,300; Mage = 11.8; 50.9% female) for subgroup analysis, and predicted aggression, antisocial peer behavior, and substance use in Spring, Grade 8. Four family profiles were identified: Coercive (15%), characterized by high family conflict, low positive family climate, low parental involvement, low effective discipline, low adolescent positive engagement, and low parental knowledge; Disengaged (41%), characterized by low positive family climate, low parental involvement, low adolescent positive engagement, and low parental knowledge; Permissive (11%), characterized by high parental involvement, low effective discipline, high adolescent positive engagement, high parental knowledge, and high family conflict; and High Functioning (34% prevalence). In turn, group membership predicted long-term outcomes. Adolescents in Coercive families were at highest risk for ASB during Grade 8, followed by those in Disengaged and Permissive profiles; all three of which were at greater risk than adolescents in High Functioning families for every outcome. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany C. Bray
- Methodology Center, Pennsylvania State University
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | - Gregory M. Fosco
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
- Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University
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