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Abdula AM, Qarah AF, Alatawi K, Qurban J, Abualnaja MM, Katuah HA, El-Metwaly NM. Design, synthesis, and molecular docking of new phenothiazine incorporated N-Mannich bases as promising antimicrobial agents. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28573. [PMID: 38571594 PMCID: PMC10988045 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to synthesize four series of phenothiazine incorporation Mannich bases. Therefore, 10-methyl-10H-phenothiazine-3-sulfonamide (4) which was subjected to react with some secondary amines and formaldehyde to give the Mannich bases 5a-f, and 6-13. Compound 13 was then subjected to react with some secondary amines and formaldehyde to give the corresponding Mannich bases 14a-f. In total, twenty-two new compounds were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro growth inhibition activity against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus. Among the tested compounds, compounds 3, 5a, 5c, 6, 12, 13, 14d, and 14e exhibited good activity with a MIC value (12.5 μg/mL), compounds 5b, 10, 11, 14a, and 14c exhibited strong activity against the growth of S. aureus with a MIC value (6.25 μg/mL), and compound 14b superior against S. aureus with a MIC value (3.125 μg/mL) compared to drug reference ciprofloxacin with MIC value (2 μg/mL). The molecular docking investigation revealed the presence of many derivatives with high binding affinities and distinct interaction patterns with the target protein. Derivatives 14a-e emerged as the most promising possibilities, displaying the greatest binding energies and a varied variety of interaction types, including hydrogen bonding and pi interactions, over different distances, with derivative 14b exhibiting the highest binding energy at S = -8.3093 kcal/mol. These derivatives displayed superior binding affinities and various interaction mechanisms with the target protein, suggesting that they have great promise as lead compounds for future development into therapeutic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abdula
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, P.O. Box 14022, Iraq
| | - Ahmad Fawzi Qarah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, P. O. Box 344, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kahdr Alatawi
- Pharmaceuticals Chemistry Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Al Baha, 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jihan Qurban
- Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matokah M. Abualnaja
- Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi A. Katuah
- Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24230, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, 35516, Egypt
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Venkatesan K, Satyanarayana VSV, Sivakumar A. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Phenothiazine Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2021254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Venkatesan
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, CVR College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - A. Sivakumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, India
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Gal E, Gaina L, Petkes H, Pop A, Cristea C, Barta G, Vodnar DC, Silaghi-Dumitrescu L. Ultrasound-assisted Strecker synthesis of novel 2-(hetero)aryl-2-(arylamino)acetonitrile derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2929-2936. [PMID: 33335600 PMCID: PMC7722623 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes an efficient, simple, and ecofriendly sonochemical procedure for the preparation of new α-(arylamino)acetonitrile derivatives C-substituted with phenothiazine or ferrocene units. The synthetic protocol is based on the Strecker reaction of a (hetero)aryl aldimine substrate with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) solution. The advantages of the sonochemical versus the conventional α-(arylamino)acetonitrile synthesis are the significantly shorter reaction time (30 min instead of 72 hours), the higher purity and the easier separation of the product that precipitated from the reaction mixture in crystalline form as depicted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis disclosed the arrangement of the α-(arylamino)acetonitrile molecules in the aggregated crystalline state as a racemic mixture. The mutagenic/antimutagenic potential for three representative derivatives containing phenothiazinyl, ferrocenyl, and phenyl units, respectively, was evaluated by the Ames Salmonella/microsome test using S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains with and without metabolic activation. The preliminary screening results pointed out that the C-(hetero)aryl-α-(arylamino)acetonitrile derivatives can be considered genotoxically safe and possibly antimutagenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Gal
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Heterochemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos street, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Luiza Gaina
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Heterochemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos street, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Hermina Petkes
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Heterochemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos street, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Pop
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos street, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Castelia Cristea
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Heterochemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos street, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Barta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 3-5 Mănăștur Street, RO-400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 3-5 Mănăștur Street, RO-400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Luminiţa Silaghi-Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Heterochemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos street, RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Venkatesan K, Satyanarayana VSV, Sivakumar A, Ramamurthy C, Thirunavukkarusu C. Synthesis, spectral characterization and antitumor activity of phenothiazine derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasi Venkatesan
- Department of Humanities and SciencesCVR College of Engineering Hyderabad India
| | | | - Amaravadi Sivakumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced SciencesVIT University Vellore India
| | - Chitteti Ramamurthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life SciencesPondicherry University Pondicherry India
| | - Chinnasamy Thirunavukkarusu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life SciencesPondicherry University Pondicherry India
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