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Wang C, Gallagher DL, Dietrich AM, Su M, Wang Q, Guo Q, Zhang J, An W, Yu J, Yang M. Data Analytics Determines Co-occurrence of Odorants in Raw Water and Evaluates Drinking Water Treatment Removal Strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16770-16782. [PMID: 34855387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A complex dataset with 140 sampling events was generated using triple quadrupole gas chromatography-mass spectrometer to track the occurrence of 95 odorants in raw and finished water from 98 drinking water treatment plants in 31 cities across China. Data analysis identified more than 70 odorants with concentrations ranging from not detected to thousands of ng/L. In raw water, Pearson correlation analysis determined that thioethers, non-oxygen benzene-containing compounds, and pyrazines were classes of chemicals that co-occurred, and geosmin and p(m)-cresol, as well as cyclohexanone and benzaldehyde, also co-occurred, indicating similar natural or industrial sources. Based on classification and regression tree analysis, total dissolved organic carbon and geographical location were identified as major factors affecting the occurrence of thioethers. Indoles, phenols, and thioethers were well-removed through conventional and advanced treatment processes, while some aldehydes could be generated. For other odorants, higher removal was achieved by ozonation-biological activated carbon (39.3%) compared to the conventional treatment process (14.5%). To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically identify the major odorants in raw water and determine suitable treatment strategies to control their occurrence by applying data analytics and statistical methods to the complex dataset. These provide informative reference for odor control and water quality management in drinking water industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daniel L Gallagher
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 413 Durham Hall, 1145 Perry Street, MC 0246, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrea M Dietrich
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 413 Durham Hall, 1145 Perry Street, MC 0246, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Junzhi Zhang
- Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wei An
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Patil RC, Patil UP, Jagdale AA, Shinde SK, Patil SS. Ash of pomegranate peels (APP): A bio-waste heterogeneous catalyst for sustainable synthesis of α,α′-bis(substituted benzylidine)cycloalkanones and 2-arylidene-1-tetralones. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bakhshi R, Zeynizadeh B, Mousavi H. Green, rapid, and highly efficient syntheses of
α
,
α′
‐bis[(aryl or allyl)idene]cycloalkanones and 2‐[(aryl or allyl)idene]‐1‐indanones as potentially biologic compounds via solvent‐free microwave‐assisted Claisen–Schmidt condensation catalyzed by MoCl
5. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bakhshi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUrmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUrmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUrmia University Urmia Iran
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Dalil Heirati SZ, Shirini F, Fallah Shojaei A. Sulfonated PEG-intercalated montmorillonite [(Mt/PEG)-SO3H] as efficient and ecofriendly nanocatalyst for synthesis of α,α′-bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-2983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tabrizian E, Amoozadeh A. Sulfamic Acid-functionalized Nano-titanium dioxide as a Novel and Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for One-pot and Solvent-free Synthesis of Hexahydroquinolines. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201600802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Tabrizian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Semnan University; Semnan 35131-19111 Iran
| | - Ali Amoozadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; Semnan University; Semnan 35131-19111 Iran
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Ahmadi S, Zare A, Aali-Hosaini M, Maghsoudi M, Izadpanah S, Parhami A, Merajoddin M. Design, characterization, and use of N,N-diethyl-N-sulfoethanaminium hydrogen sulfate {[Et3N-SO3H]HSO4} as a novel and highly efficient catalyst for preparation of α,α′-bis(arylidene)cycloalkanones. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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