Nano-Co3O4-catalyzed microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of some seleno [2 , 3-b ] pyridine/quinoline derivatives

Enhanced bioenergy recovery by innovative application of chia seeds nanopowder for anode modification in microbial fuel cell treating hospital wastewater

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are new bioelectrochemical techniques for conversion of organic waste materials into energy depending on the metabolic activity of the anodic biofilm, which acts as the biocatalyst in the anode compartment. Hence, the anode material is a priority for better growth of bacterial species and electrical conductivity as well. In this study, an innovative application of Chia seeds nanopowder (CSNP) was carried out for the first time with acid-activated multiwall carbon nanotubes (functionalised MWCNTs) for anode nanomodification by overlaying the surfaces of the graphite anodes (GA) in MFCs fuelled with real hospital wastewater (HWW). Two tubular-enclosed dual-chamber MFCs were constructed, setup and operated in a continuous mode for 3 months. MFC1 was assembled with CSNP/MWCNTs-GA, whereby MFC2 was assembled with MWCNTs-GA. The results revealed higher power output up to 2202.73 mW/m3 observed in MFC1 compared to 1271.57 mW/m3 in MFC2. The efficiencies of organic content (COD) removal were 86.1% and 82.9% obtained in MFC1 and MFC2, respectively. Although both efficiencies of COD removal were relatively comparable, however, a remarkable increase in COD removal efficiency was achieved in MFC1. These observations indicated the potential role of CSNP for enhancing the biofilm growth and increasing the electrode conductivity.

A comprehensive review of Co3O4 nanostructures in cancer: Synthesis, characterization, reactive oxygen species mechanisms, and therapeutic applications

Nanotechnology involves creating, analyzing, and using tiny materials. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) have several medicinal uses due to their unique antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, larvicidal, anticholinergic, antileishmanial, wound healing, and antidiabetic capabilities. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) with attractive magnetic properties have found widespread use in biomedical applications, including magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic hyperthermia, and magnetic targeting. The high surface area of Co3O4 leads to unique electrical, optical, catalytic, and magnetic properties, which make it a promising candidate for biomedical bases. Additionally, cobalt nanoparticles with various oxidation states (i.e., Co2+, Co3+, and Co4+) are beneficial in numerous utilizations. Co3O4 nanoparticles as a catalyzer accelerate the conversion rate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to harmful hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which destroy tumor cells. However, it is also possible to enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and successfully treat cancer by combining these nanoparticles with drugs or other nanoparticles. This review summarizes the past concepts and discusses the present state and development of using Co3O4 NPs in cancer treatments by ROS generation. This review emphasizes the advances and current patterns in ROS generation, remediation, and some different cancer treatments using Co3O4 nanoparticles in the human body. It also discusses synthesis techniques, structure, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties of Co3O4 NPs.

A post-sulfonated one-pot synthesized magnetic cellulose nanocomposite for Knoevenagel and Thorpe-Ziegler reactions

The development of biodegradable and active cellulosic-based heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of different organic compounds would be attractive in pharmaceutical and petrochemical-related industries. Herein, a post-sulfonated composite of one-pot synthesized magnetite (Fe3O4) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was used as an effective and easily separable heterogeneous catalyst for activating the Knoevenagel and Thorpe-Ziegler reactions. The composite was developed hydrothermally from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), iron chlorides, urea, and hydrochloric acid at 180 °C for 20 h in a one-pot reaction. After collecting the magnetic CNCs (MCNCs), post-sulfonation was performed using chlorosulfonic acid (ClSO3H) in DMF at room temperature producing sulfonated MCNCs (SMCNCs). The results confirmed the presence of sulfonated Fe3O4 and CNCs with a hydrodynamic size of 391 nm (±25). The presence of cellulose was beneficial for preventing Fe3O4 oxidation or the formation of agglomerations without requiring the presence of capping agents, organic solvents, or an inert environment. The SMCNC catalyst was applied to activate the Knoevenagel condensation and the Thorpe-Ziegler reaction with determining the optimal reaction conditions. The presence of the SMCNC catalyst facilitated these transformations under green procedures, which enabled us to synthesize a new series of olefins and thienopyridines, and the yields of some isolated olefins and thienopyridines were up to 99% and 95%, respectively. Besides, the catalyst was stable for five cycles without a significant decrease in its reactivity, and the mechanistic routes of both reactions on the SMCNCs were postulated.

The Application of Microwaves, Ultrasounds, and Their Combination in the Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Bicyclic Heterocycles

The use of alternative energy sources, such as microwaves (MW) or ultrasounds (US), and their mutual cross-combination have been widely described in the literature in the development of new synthetic methodologies in organic and medicinal chemistry. In this review, our attention is focused on representative examples, reported in the literature in the year range 2013-2023 of selected N-containing bicyclic heterocycles, with the aim to highlight the advantages of microwave- and ultrasound-assisted organic synthesis.

Nano Pt/TiO2 photocatalyst for ultrafast production of sulfamic acid derivatives using 4-nitroacetanilides as nitrogen precursor in continuous flow reactors

The design of reactors based on high performance photocatalysts is an important research in catalytic hydrogenation. In this work, modification of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was achieved by preparation of Pt/TiO2 nanocomposites (NCs) through photo-deposition method. Both nanocatalysts were used for the photocatalytic removal of SOx from the flue gas at room temperature in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, water, and nitroacetanilide derivatives under visible light irradiation. In this approach, chemical deSOx was achieved along with protection of the nanocatalyst from sulfur poising through the interaction of the released SOx from SOx-Pt/TiO2 surface with p-nitroacetanilide derivatives to produce simultaneous aromatic sulfonic acids. Pt/TiO2 NCs have a bandgap of 2.64 eV in visible light range, which is lower than the bandgap of TiO2 NPs, whereas TiO2 NPs have a mean size of 4 nm and a high specific surface area of 226 m2/g. Pt/TiO2 NCs showed high photocatalytic sulfonation of some phenolic compounds using SO2 as a sulfonating agent along with the existence of p-nitroactanilide derivatives. The conversion of p-nitroacetanilide followed the combination processes of adsorption and catalytic oxidation-reduction reactions. Construction of an online continuous flow reactor-high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry system had been investigated, realizing real-time and automatic monitoring of completion the reaction. 4-nitroacetanilide derivatives (1a-1e) was converted to its corresponding sulfamic acid derivatives (2a-2e) in 93-99% isolated yields of within 60 s. It is expected to offer a great opportunity for ultrafast detection of pharmacophores.

Marine Algae Extract (Grateloupia Sparsa) for the Green Synthesis of Co3O4NPs: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anticancer, and Hemolytic Activities

The aqueous extract of red algae was used for bio-inspired manufacturing of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4NPs) and for antioxidant, antibacterial, hemolytic potency, and anticancer activity. Typical, characterization techniques include UV-Vis, SEM, EDAX, TEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. Using an X-ray diffraction assay, the size of the Co3O4NPs crystal was determined to range from 23.2 to 11.8 nm. Based on TEM and SEM pictures, biosynthesized Co3O4NPs' had a homogeneous spherical morphology with a 28.8 to 7.6 nm average diameter. Furthermore, Co3O4NPs biological properties were investigated, including determining the antibacterial potency using the zone of inhibition (ZOI) method and determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antibacterial activity of Co3O4NPs was higher than that of the ciprofloxacin standard. Alternatively, scavenging of DPPH free radical investigation was carried out to test the antioxidant capacitance of Co3O4NPs, revealing significant antioxidant ability. The biosynthesized Co3O4NPs have a dose-dependent effect on erythrocyte viability, indicating that this technique is harmless. Furthermore, bioinspired Co3O4NPs effectively against HepG2 cancer cells (IC50: 201.3 μg/ml). Co3O4NPs would be a therapeutic aid due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties.

One-Pot Multicomponent Polymerization, Metal-, and Non-Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Organoselenium Compounds

The one-pot multicomponent synthetic strategy of organoselenium compounds represents an alternative and robust protocol to the conventional multistep methods. During the last decade, a potential advance has been made in this domain. This review discusses the latest advances in the polymerization, metal, and metal-free one-pot multicomponent synthesis of organoselenium compounds.