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Della Sala P, Iuliano V, De Rosa M, Talotta C, Del Regno R, Neri P, Geremia S, Hickey N, Gaeta C. Deep-Cavity Calix[4]naphth[4]arene Macrocycles: Synthesis, Conformational Features, and Solid-State Structures. Molecules 2024; 29:4142. [PMID: 39274992 PMCID: PMC11396966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently introduced calix[n]naphth[m]arenes as a novel class of deep-cavity hybrid macrocycles constituted by phenol (n) and naphthalene (m) units. In this study, we report the synthesis, conformational analysis, spectroscopic properties, and solid-state structures of calix[4]naphth[4]arene (C4N4) and its permethylated analog (C4N4-Me), thereby expanding the calix[n]naphth[m]arene family. C4N4 was synthesized through a 2 + 2 fragment coupling macrocyclization under acidic conditions, where the solvent played a crucial role in selectively forming the C4N4 derivative. The X-ray structure of C4N4 reveals a chair-like 1,2,3,4-alternate conformation characterized by two opposing 3/4-cone moieties stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds. In contrast, the X-ray structure of C4N4-Me exhibits a 1,3,5,7-alternate conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Veronica Iuliano
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rocco Del Regno
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Neal Hickey
- Centro di Eccellenza in Biocristallografia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Stoikov II, Ibragimova DS, Shestakova NV, Krivolapov DB, Litvinov IA, Antipin IS, Konovalov AI, Zharov I. Regioselective alkylation of the lower rim of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene with N-(p-nitrophenyl)-α-bromoacetamide. Supramol Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10610270802438820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I. Stoikov
- a A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan State University , Kazan, Russia
| | - Dina S. Ibragimova
- a A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan State University , Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry B. Krivolapov
- b A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor A. Litvinov
- b A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor S. Antipin
- a A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan State University , Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Konovalov
- a A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan State University , Kazan, Russia
- b A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilya Zharov
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Morohashi
- Department of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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