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Wang J, Zheng Q, Wang H, Shi L, Wang G, Zhao Y, Fan C, Si J. Sesquiterpenes and Sesquiterpene Derivatives from Ferula: Their Chemical Structures, Biosynthetic Pathways, and Biological Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:7. [PMID: 38275627 PMCID: PMC10812793 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferula is a genus of flowering plants known for its edible and medicinal properties. Since ancient times, many species of Ferula have been used in traditional medicine to treat various health issues across countries, such as digestive disorders, respiratory problems, and even as a remedy for headaches and toothaches. In addition, they are also used as a flavoring agent in various cuisines. As the main active ingredients in Ferula, sesquiterpenes and their derivatives, especially sesquiterpene coumarins, sesquiterpene phenylpropanoids, and sesquiterpene chromones, have attracted the attention of scientists due to the diversity of their chemical structures, as well as their extensive and promising biological properties, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties. However, there has not been a comprehensive review of sesquiterpenes and their derivatives from this plant. This review aims to provide an overview of the chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, and biological properties of sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene derivatives from Ferula, which may help guide future research directions and possible application methods for this valuable edible and medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Qi Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Huaxiang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Leiling Shi
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug, Urumqi 830002, China; (L.S.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guoping Wang
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug, Urumqi 830002, China; (L.S.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yaqin Zhao
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug, Urumqi 830002, China; (L.S.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Congzhao Fan
- Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug, Urumqi 830002, China; (L.S.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianyong Si
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.)
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Feyzi N, Ebadi A, Dastan D. Chimgin from Ferula haussknechtii as AChE inhibitor and confirmation of the absolute configuration. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-10. [PMID: 38109132 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2294176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide and is classified as a neurodegenerative disorder. From a drug design perspective, natural products (NPs) are more drug-like and are highly compatible with biological systems compared to most synthetic libraries. NPs provide a more efficient and cost-effective approach to new drug discovery. However, the complexity of NPs makes their identification a challenging task. Chimgin, a bicyclic monoterpene with three chiral centers, exhibits a wide range of biological activity. Despite this, the exact structure of chimgin has remained unclear until now. In this study, we quantified the amount of chimgin in Ferula haussknechtii using analytical Reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detector (RP-HPLC-PDA). Furthermore, we determined the absolute configuration of chimgin through electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. Finally, we evaluated its inhibitory effect on AChE through in vitro and in silico studies. The extraction process yielded an output of 2.82 ± 0.10% with an exact amount of 0.62 ± 0.04 mg of chimgin per 100 g of plant. Based on the results of ECD and TDDFT calculation, the absolute configuration of chimgin was determined to be 1S, 2S, 4S. Chimgin exhibited an inhibitory effect on AChE with an IC50 of 37.43 µM and its mechanism of action was found to be competitive. HighlightsChimgin was isolated from the roots of Ferula haussknechtii.The amount of chimgin in the plant was determined by RP-HPLC-PDA.Its absolute configuration of chimgin was determined using ECD.In vitro acetylcholinesterase activity of the chimgin was evaluated.The docking and molecular dynamic simulation of chimgin was done.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Feyzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ebadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Dara Dastan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Bagheri SM, Allahtavakoli M, Moradi A. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Ferula plants and their potential for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 0:jcim-2022-0284. [PMID: 36857494 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the current strategies in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is using drugs with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory property. The existence of various compounds in plants as a potential source for finding new compounds to treat Alzheimer's disease is a scientific fact. Many secondary metabolites and plant extracts have been reported with the ability to inhibit the AChE activity and improve memory and learning. These compounds can increase the concentration of acetylcholine in the brain and improve cholinergic function in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and reduce the symptoms of this neurological disorder. Plants of Ferula genus are a good source of biologically active compounds such as sesquiterpene derivatives, coumarin derivatives and sulfur-containing compounds. Numerous studies on various extracts or purified compounds of Ferula genus have shown that members of this genus have the inhibitory properties on acetylcholinesterase and can also be effective in improving Alzheimer's and amnesia. This review article summarizes studies on plants of Ferula extracts and their derived compounds to find AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Majid Bagheri
- Department of Physiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Neuroendocrine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Allahtavakoli
- Physiology and Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Moradi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yard, Iran
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Arjmand Z, Hamburger M, Dastan D. Isolation and purification of terpenoid compounds from Ferula haussknechtii and evaluation of their antibacterial effects. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1617-1624. [PMID: 35895028 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2103558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The roots of F. haussknechtii are used by local people in order to treat wounds and urinary infections. Ferula species are rich in bioactive compounds with biological effects. In line with our previous studies about screening antibacterial natural products, five terpenoid derivatives were purified from Ferula haussknechtii. The separation and purification were performed by column chromatography. Their structures were determined by 1 D and 2 D NMR as hawraman 8-p-hydroxybenzoyl-tovarol (1), ferutinin (2), lancerotriol 6-(p-hydroxybenzoate) (3), chimganin (4), and chimgin (5). Then, the antibacterial effects of the purified compounds were evaluated by measuring their MIC values against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that compound (1) had the most antibacterial effect on Bacillus cereus (MIC = 16 µg/mL). The antibacterial effects of F. haussknechtii compounds are in line with their local application and it is suggested that further studies should be conducted to determine their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Arjmand
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dara Dastan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Non-Alkaloid Cholinesterase Inhibitory Compounds from Natural Sources. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185582. [PMID: 34577053 PMCID: PMC8472022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder of different brain regions accompanied by distresses and affecting more than 25 million people in the world. This progressive brain deterioration affects the central nervous system and has negative impacts on a patient’s daily activities such as memory impairment. The most important challenge concerning AD is the development of new drugs for long-term treatment or prevention, with lesser side effects and greater efficiency as cholinesterases inhibitors and the ability to remove amyloid-beta(Aβ) deposits and other related AD neuropathologies. Natural sources provide promising alternatives to synthetic cholinesterase inhibitors and many have been reported for alkaloids while neglecting other classes with potential cholinesterase inhibition. This review summarizes information about the therapeutic potential of small natural molecules from medicinal herbs, belonging to terpenoids, coumarins, and phenolic compounds, and others, which have gained special attention due to their specific modes of action and their advantages of low toxicity and high efficiency in the treatment of AD. Some show superior drug-like features in comparison to synthetic cholinesterase inhibitors. We expect that the listed phytoconstituents in this review will serve as promising tools and chemical scaffolds for the discovery of new potent therapeutic leads for the amelioration and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Mitić M, Lazarević-Pašti T. Does the application of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease lead to depression? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:841-856. [PMID: 33999717 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1931681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease and depression are health conditions affecting millions of people around the world. Both are strongly related to the level of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Since cholinergic deficit is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are applied as relevant drugs for the treatment of this disease, elevating the level of acetylcholine. On the other hand, a high level of acetylcholine is found to be associated with the symptoms of clinical depression.Areas covered: This article aims to discuss if acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used as anti-Alzheimer's drugs could be the cause of the symptoms of clinical depression often linked to this neurological disorder. Emphasis will be put on drugs currently in use and on newly investigated natural products, which can inhibit AChE activity.Expert opinion: Currently, it is not proven that the patient treated for Alzheimer's disease is prone to increased risk for depression due to the acetylcholinesterase inhibition, but there are strong indications. The level of acetylcholine is not the only factor in highly complicated diseases like AD and depression. Still, it needs to be considered isolated, keeping in mind the nature of presently available therapy, especially during a rational drug design process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Mitić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Lazarević-Pašti
- Department of Physical Chemistry, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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From Venom to AChE Inhibitor: Design, Molecular Modeling, and Synthesis of a Peptidic Inhibitor of AChE. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-020-10103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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