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Thurner CW, Ploner K, Werner D, Penner S, Portenkirchner E, Klötzer B. New Insights into the Hydrogen Evolution Mechanism near the Ni/YSZ Triple Phase Boundary during Steam Electrolysis: A Patterned Model Electrode Study. ACS ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2025; 1:315-327. [PMID: 40071163 PMCID: PMC11891889 DOI: 10.1021/acselectrochem.4c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
Solid oxide cell technologies play a crucial role in climate change mitigation by enabling the reversible storage of renewable energy. Understanding the electrochemical high-temperature reaction mechanisms and the catalytic role of the electrode and electrolyte materials is essential for advancing power-to-H2 technologies. Despite its significance, limited in situ spectroscopic research focusing on nickel and yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni/YSZ) is available. We employ near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) to investigate 2D porous Ni/YSZ model electrodes with variable YSZ domain sizes and triple phase boundary (TPB) lengths. Focusing on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), we provide a mechanistic explanation for why surface hydroxylation and electrochemical activity are correlated with the YSZ surface area and YSZ domain size and unravel the specific mechanistic role of the YSZ surface. A direct comparison of normalization of the measured total electrolysis current to the purely geometrical length of the TPB vs an electrified "catchment area" next to the TPB, exhibiting strong enough electric fields, is the key to a correct quantitative description of the individual elementary steps of water electrolysis on Ni/YSZ. By combining electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, NAP-XPS, and electric field modeling, the local water reduction process near the TPB can be described, indicating optimized structural parameters for improved HER performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph W Thurner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Ceratizit S.A., 101 Rue de Holzem, 8232 Mamer, Luxembourg
| | - Kevin Ploner
- Plansee SE, Metallwerk-Plansee-Strasse 71, 6600 Reutte, Austria
| | - Daniel Werner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Penner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Engelbert Portenkirchner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Klötzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Cattelan M, Vagin MY, Fox NA, Ivanov IG, Shtepliuk I, Yakimova R. Anodization study of epitaxial graphene: insights on the oxygen evolution reaction of graphitic materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:285701. [PMID: 30901765 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The photoemission electron microscopy and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy were utilized for the study of anodized epitaxial graphene (EG) on silicon carbide as a fundamental aspect of the oxygen evolution reaction on graphitic materials. The high-resolution analysis of surface morphology and composition quantified the material transformation during the anodization. We investigated the surface with lateral resolution <150 nm, revealing significant transformations on the EG and the role of multilayer edges in increasing the film capacitance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Cattelan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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Liu X, Yang W, Liu Z. Recent progress on synchrotron-based in-situ soft X-ray spectroscopy for energy materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7710-29. [PMID: 24799004 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Soft X-ray spectroscopy (SXS) techniques such as photoelectron spectroscopy, soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray emission spectroscopy are efficient and direct tools to probe electronic structures of materials. Traditionally, these surface sensitive soft X-ray techniques that detect electrons or photons require high vacuum to operate. Many recent in situ instrument developments of these techniques have overcome this vacuum barrier. One can now study many materials and model devices under near ambient, semi-realistic, and operando conditions. Further developments of integrating the realistic sample environments with efficient and high resolution detection methods, particularly at the high brightness synchrotron light sources, are making SXS an important tool for the energy research community. In this progress report, we briefly describe the basic concept of several SXS techniques and discuss recent development of SXS instruments. We then present several recent studies, mostly in situ SXS experiments, on energy materials and devices. Using these studies, we would like to highlight that the integration of SXS and in situ environments can provide in-depth insight of material's functionality and help researchers in new energy material developments. The remaining challenges and critical research directions are discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Vernoux P, Lizarraga L, Tsampas MN, Sapountzi FM, De Lucas-Consuegra A, Valverde JL, Souentie S, Vayenas CG, Tsiplakides D, Balomenou S, Baranova EA. Ionically Conducting Ceramics as Active Catalyst Supports. Chem Rev 2013; 113:8192-260. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vernoux
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon, UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 2 Avenue A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Leonardo Lizarraga
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon, UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 2 Avenue A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mihalis N. Tsampas
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon, UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 2 Avenue A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Foteini M. Sapountzi
- Université de Lyon, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon, UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 2 Avenue A. Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Antonio De Lucas-Consuegra
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 10, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jose-Luis Valverde
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 10, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Stamatios Souentie
- LCEP, Caratheodory 1 Street, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras GR-26500, Greece
| | - Costas G. Vayenas
- LCEP, Caratheodory 1 Street, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras GR-26500, Greece
- Division of Natural Sciences, Academy of Athens, Panepistimiou 36 Avenue, GR-10679, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiplakides
- Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research and Technology−Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Balomenou
- Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research and Technology−Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elena A. Baranova
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Oxygen reduction and oxidation at epitaxial model-type Pt(O2)/YSZ electrodes – On the role of PtOx formation on activation, passivation, and charge transfer. Catal Today 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Huber AK, Falk M, Rohnke M, Luerßen B, Gregoratti L, Amati M, Janek J. In situ study of electrochemical activation and surface segregation of the SOFC electrode material La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3±δ. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:751-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21743g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pöpke H, Mutoro E, Raiß C, Luerßen B, Amati M, Abyaneh M, Gregoratti L, Janek J. The role of platinum oxide in the electrode system Pt(O2)/yttria-stabilized zirconia. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Opitz AK, Lutz A, Kubicek M, Kubel F, Hutter H, Fleig J. Investigation of the oxygen exchange mechanism on Pt|yttria stabilized zirconia at intermediate temperatures: Surface path versus bulk path. Electrochim Acta 2011; 56:9727-9740. [PMID: 22210951 PMCID: PMC3209560 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen exchange kinetics of platinum on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was investigated by means of geometrically well-defined Pt microelectrodes. By variation of electrode size and temperature it was possible to separate two temperature regimes with different geometry dependencies of the polarization resistance. At higher temperatures (550-700 °C) an elementary step located close to the three phase boundary (TPB) with an activation energy of ∼1.6 eV was identified as rate limiting. At lower temperatures (300-400 °C) the rate limiting elementary step is related to the electrode area and exhibited a very low activation energy in the order of 0.2 eV. From these observations two parallel pathways for electrochemical oxygen exchange are concluded.The nature of these two elementary steps is discussed in terms of equivalent circuits. Two combinations of parallel rate limiting reaction steps are found to explain the observed geometry dependencies: (i) Diffusion through an impurity phase at the TPB in parallel to diffusion of oxygen through platinum - most likely along Pt grain boundaries - as area-related process. (ii) Co-limitation of oxygen diffusion along the Pt|YSZ interface and charge transfer at the interface with a short decay length of the corresponding transmission line (as TPB-related process) in parallel to oxygen diffusion through platinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Opitz
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164-EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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Mutoro E, Hellwig C, Luerssen B, Guenther S, Bessler WG, Janek J. Electrochemically induced oxygen spillover and diffusion on Pt(111): PEEM imaging and kinetic modelling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:12798-807. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20361d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Marken F, Watkins JD, Collins AM. Ion-transfer- and photo-electrochemistry at liquid|liquid|solid electrode triple phase boundary junctions: perspectives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:10036-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20375d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Whaley JA, McDaniel AH, El Gabaly F, Farrow RL, Grass ME, Hussain Z, Liu Z, Linne MA, Bluhm H, McCarty KF. Note: Fixture for characterizing electrochemical devices in-operando in traditional vacuum systems. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:086104. [PMID: 20815633 DOI: 10.1063/1.3479384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe a fixture that allows electrochemical devices to be studied under electrical bias in the type of vacuum systems commonly used in surface science. Three spring-loaded probes provide independent contacts for device operation and the characterization in vacuum or under in situ conditions with reactive gases. We document the robustness of the electrical contacts over large temperature changes and their reliability for conventional electrochemical measurements such as impedance spectroscopy. The optical access provided to the device enables the analysis by many techniques, as we demonstrate using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to measure local electrical potentials on a solid-oxide electrolyte device operating at high temperature in near-ambient pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh A Whaley
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Opitz AK, Schintlmeister A, Hutter H, Fleig J. Visualization of oxygen reduction sites at Pt electrodes on YSZ by means of 18O tracer incorporation: the width of the electrochemically active zone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12734-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Janek J, Martin M, Becker K. Physical Chemistry of Solids – The Science behind Materials Engineering: Concepts, Models, Methods. Z PHYS CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2009.6077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The role of Physical Chemistry of Solids as origin of many fundamental concepts for modern materials science as also the bridge between physics, chemistry and materials engineering is emphasized and exemplified. The model of the electrical double layer, the concept of point defects in crystals and transport phenomena and reactions in the solid state are discussed as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred Martin
- RWTH Aachen, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - K.D. Becker
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Braunschweig, Deutschland
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Lee W, Lee M, Kim YB, Prinz FB. Reduction and oxidation of oxide ion conductors with conductive atomic force microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:445706. [PMID: 19809106 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/44/445706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Local accumulation and dissipation of charges on the surface of oxide ion conductors resulting from electric potentials were observed with conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM). After a negative bias was applied at the tip, a sequence of surface potential maps appeared compatible with electron injection onto the electrolyte surface. Applying a positive bias, in contrast, generated a positive surface charge adjacent to the tip contact area. This observation is consistent with the formation of oxide ion vacancies on the oxide surface. In addition, oxide ion conductivity at a low temperature range (100-200 degrees C) was obtained, and the activation energy for diffusion in gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) was calculated as approximately 0.56 eV, implying that the majority of oxide ion vacancies diffuse on the surface rather than inside the bulk of the electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Vayenas CG, Koutsodontis CG. Non-Faradaic electrochemical activation of catalysis. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:182506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2824944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Roche V, Karoum R, Billard A, Revel R, Vernoux P. Electrochemical promotion of deep oxidation of methane on Pd/YSZ. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-008-9569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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