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Elucidating the Influence of the d-Band Center on the Synthesis of Isobutanol. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the search for carbon-efficient synthesis pathways for green alternatives to fossil fuels continues, an expanding class of catalysts have been developed for the upgrading of lower alcohols. Understanding of the acid base functionalities has greatly influenced the search for new materials, but the influence of the metal used in catalysts cannot be explained in a broader sense. We address this herein and correlate our findings with the most fundamental understanding of chemistry to date by applying it to d-band theory as part of an experimental investigation. The commercial catalysts of Pt, Rh, Ru, Cu, Pd, and Ir on carbon as a support have been characterized by means of SEM, EDX-mapping, STEM, XRD, N2-physisorption, and H2-chemisorption. Their catalytic activity has been established by means of c-methylation of ethanol with methanol. For all catalysts, the TOF with respect to i-butanol was examined. The Pt/C reached the highest TOF with a selectivity towards i-butanol of 89%. The trend for the TOFs could be well correlated with the d-band centers of the metal, which formed a volcano curve. Therefore, this study is another step towards the rationalization of catalyst design for the upgrading of alcohols into carbon-neutral fuels or chemical feedstock.
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Promising catalytic synthesis pathways towards higher alcohols as suitable transport fuels based on H2 and CO2. J CO2 UTIL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jordison TL, Lira CT, Miller DJ. Condensed-Phase Ethanol Conversion to Higher Alcohols. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler L. Jordison
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science , Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Carl T. Lira
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science , Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Dennis J. Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science , Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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