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Khan M, Rashid MA, Yousaf MS, Naveed S, Mohsin I, Rehman HU, Loor JJ. Effects of physical forms of a high grain-based diet on fattening performance, ruminal health, feeding behaviour, nutrient digestibility and carcass traits of finishing Lohi lambs. Arch Anim Nutr 2023; 77:77-92. [PMID: 36880568 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2179296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different physical forms of complete diets on performance, feeding behaviour, digestibility, ruminal health, blood and carcass indices in fattening lambs. A randomised complete block design was used to assign thirty male Lohi lambs (300 ± 15 d old) with an initial body weight of 33 ± 1.4 kg in ten replications to one of three physical forms of the diet. For different treatments, the dietary ingredients were ground and mixed as (I) ground conventional mash (CM), (II) whole corn grains were mixed with the remaining pelleted ingredients as a texturised diet (TX), and (III) whole corn grains and the remaining ingredients were mixed as an unprocessed diet (UP). During the 60-d growth trial and 7-d digestibility experiment, individually housed lambs were fed ad libitum. Feeding diet UP improved (p < 0.05) dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed-to-gain ratio of fattening lambs. The ruminal pH tended to be lower in group TX compared with the other groups. The incidence of loose faeces consistency was 3.5 times higher (p < 0.05) in group TX compared to group UP. The daily intakes of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), the rumination time and chewing activities were highest (p < 0.05) for lambs fed on the UP diet. The digestibility of DM, NDF and ether extract were greater (p < 0.05) for diet UP as compared to diet TX. The chilled and hot carcass weights were highest (p < 0.05) for group UP. The papillae density tended to be greater for group UP. However, blood metabolites, intestinal morphology, carcass marbling, tenderness, meat pH, cooking loss, and meat composition were similar across the treatments. It can be concluded that the unprocessed diet based on whole corn grain and soybean hulls improved growth performance, feeding behaviour and carcass yield through better nutrient utilisation and a stable ruminal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Muhammad Afzal Rashid
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Saima Naveed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imran Mohsin
- Department of Livestock Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ur Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Diogénes LV, Edvan RL, Medeiros EDS, Pereira Filho JM, de Oliveira JPF, Silva Filho EC, Ramos LMG, de Lucena KHDOS, Araújo MJ, Oliveira RL, Pereira ES, Bezerra LR. Physicochemical Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Goat Kids' Meat Fed Ground-Corn-Grain Silage Rehydrated with Different Additives. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:31. [PMID: 36611641 PMCID: PMC9817871 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the replacement of dry ground corn (GC) with corn-grain silage rehydrated with water (RCSwater), cactus pear mucilage (RCSmucilage), and whey (RCSwhey) on the growth, physicochemical composition, and fatty acid profile of goat kids’ meat were investigated. Thirty-two crossbred goat kids (16.4 ± 2.50 kg initial weight) were assigned in a randomized block design with four treatments and eight repetitions. The NDF intake of goat kids fed with RCSmucilage was higher in comparison to RCSwater and RCSwhey (p = 0.0009). The dietary replacement of GC by RCSmucilage increased the final weight (p = 0.033) and meat-cooking losses (p = 0.0001) of kids. The concentrations of oleic (p = 0.046), 11,14-eicosadienoic (p = 0.033), and EPA (p = 0.010) were higher in the meat of kids fed with RCSmucilage and RCSwhey, and the α-linolenic concentration was higher (p = 0.019) for animals feeding with RCSmucilage. Meat from kids fed with RCSwhey presented the lowest ∑SFA and the highest ∑MUFA. In contrast, the ∑PUFA (p < 0.012) was higher for goats fed with RCSwater. The ∑ω3 (p < 0.0001) was higher in animals fed with RCSmucilage and RCSwhey. Desirable fatty acids were higher (p = 0.044) in animals fed with RCSmucilage and RCSwhey, and the atherogenicity (p = 0.044) and thrombogenicity (p < 0.0001) indexes were lower for goats fed the RCSwhey diet. The enzymatic activities of Δ9desaturase (C16) were higher (p = 0.027) in goat kids fed with GC and RCSmucilage, and Δ9desaturase (C18) was higher (p = 0.0497) when goats were fed with RCSmucilage and RCSwhey. Elongase activities were higher (p = 0.045) in goat kids fed with GC and RCSwater. The total replacement of GC by RCSmucilage is recommended in the diet of goat kids due to improvements in the weight gain and proportion of desirable fatty acids in the meat. In addition, RCSmucilage promoted better conservation of the silage at a lower cost when compared to commercial additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana V. Diogénes
- Animal Science and Health Graduate Program, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708-110, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L. Edvan
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Elisama dos S. Medeiros
- Animal Science and Health Graduate Program, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708-110, Brazil
| | - José M. Pereira Filho
- Animal Science and Health Graduate Program, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708-110, Brazil
| | | | - Edson C. Silva Filho
- Interdiscisciplinary Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Layse M. G. Ramos
- Animal Science and Health Graduate Program, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708-110, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos J. Araújo
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo L. Oliveira
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Elzania S. Pereira
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil
| | - Leilson R. Bezerra
- Animal Science and Health Graduate Program, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708-110, Brazil
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Andrés S, Jaramillo E, Mateo J, Caro I, Carballo DE, López S, Giráldez FJ. Grain grinding size of cereals in complete pelleted diets for growing lambs: Effects on animal performance, carcass and meat quality traits. Meat Sci 2019; 157:107874. [PMID: 31247383 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of the present study was to clarify the effects of different grinding particle size of grains (2-mm vs. 6-mm) included in complete pelleted diets (CPD) for fattening lambs on animal performance, carcass and meat quality. Twenty male merino lambs (14.8 kg; n = 10 per group) were fed the corresponding diet ad libitum and slaughtered when they reached 27 kg. No differences were observed in the feed conversion ratio or carcass characteristics. However, lambs fed coarser diets (6 mm) were more efficient with less residual feed intake (-14.0 vs. 15.4 g DM/animal/d; P < .05) than lambs fed the 2 mm CPD. Lambs fed the 6-mm CPD showed higher levels of intramuscular fat and saturated fatty acids. Consequently, increasing the particle size of the grains included in CPD allows for improving feed efficiency and intramuscular fat in fattening lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Andrés
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción de Herbívoros, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
| | - E Jaramillo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción de Herbívoros, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - J Mateo
- Departamento de Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - I Caro
- Departamento de Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - D E Carballo
- Departamento de Higiene y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - S López
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción de Herbívoros, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - F J Giráldez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Producción de Herbívoros, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
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Montemayor F, Dominguez-Muñoz MA, Zapata-Campos CC, Salinas-Chavira J. Influence of different substitutions of ground-to-whole sorghum grain in high-concentrate diets on weight gain, Longissimus dorsi area and subcutaneous fat of growing goats. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2018.1473480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Montemayor
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - M. A. Dominguez-Muñoz
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - C. C. Zapata-Campos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - J. Salinas-Chavira
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
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