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Doğan H, Yenilmez K. Relationship between blood calcium level and post-milking teat canal closure in dairy cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:134. [PMID: 36973554 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The teat canal-one of the primary defense mechanisms of the udder-ensures the milk flow during milking in bovines and prevents pathogens from entering the udder by forming a barrier through the elastic muscle and keratin layers tightly closing the surrounding area. The current study investigated the effects of blood calcium status on teat closure in cows after milking. The study covered 200 healthy teats, of which 100 were from normocalcemic (NC) cows and 100 were from subclinical hypocalcemic (SCH) cows. Teat canal length (TCL) and width (TCW) were measured with ultrasonography at 0-min pre-milking and 15- and 30-min post-milking. Cylindrically shaped teat canal volume (TCV) was calculated by deriving from TCL and TCW. Time-dependent changes in teat canal closure and their relationships with blood calcium levels were analyzed. The results showed that the calcium level did not affect TCL, TCW, and TCV (P > 0.05) during the 15-min post-milking period. However, TCL (P < 0.001), TCW (P < 0.05), and TCV (P < 0.001) were lower in NC cows than in SCH cows at 30-min post-milking. At 15-min post-milking, no correlation existed between the teat canal closure (ΔTCL, ΔTCW, and ΔTCV) and the blood calcium level, while significant correlations were available between the teat canal closure and the blood calcium level {ΔTCL (r: - 0.288, P < 0.001), ΔTCW (r: - 0.260, P < 0.001), ΔTCV (r: - 0.150, P < 0.05)} at 30-min post-milking. The current study concluded that the blood calcium status significantly impacts the teat canal closure in bovines, and calcium status should be meticulously monitored with the mastitis control program to apply necessary strategic steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halef Doğan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, 59030, Süleymanpaşa, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - Kudret Yenilmez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, 59030, Süleymanpaşa, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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Suzuki K, Kondo N, Takagi K, Nishikawa A, Murakami Y, Otsuka M, Tsukano K, Ikeda K, Funakura H, Yasutomi I, Kawamoto S. Validation of the bovine blood calcium checker as a rapid and simple measuring tool for the ionized calcium concentration in cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:767-774. [PMID: 33775988 PMCID: PMC8182322 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) devices that veterinary practitioners can use to easily and rapidly measure blood ionized calcium (iCa) levels in cows immediately after
withdrawing a blood sample on the dairy farm are needed. Aims of present studies was to compare the commercially available ion-selective electrode handheld iCa
meter (bovine blood iCa checker) with the benchtop blood gas analyzer GEM premier 3500 and handheld analyzer i-STAT 1. Sixty-two paired-point whole blood
samples were obtained from three cows with hypocalcemia experimentally induced by Na2-EDTA infusion. Whole blood samples were also obtained from the
36 cows kept on a farm in field conditions. The results using the bovine blood iCa checker correlated with those using the GEM premier 3500 and i-STAT 1. Bovine
blood iCa checker was “compatible” with the GEM premier 3500 and i-STAT 1 because the frequency of differences between the measurements within ± 20% of the mean
were 100% (65/65, >75%) and 90.8% (59/65, >75%), respectively. In the field trial, the blood iCa concentration measured by the bovine blood Ca checker was
significantly positively correlated with that measured by the i-STAT 1 portable analyzer. Bovine blood iCa checker was “compatible” with the i-STAT 1 because
the frequency of differences between the measurements within ± 20% of the mean was 100% (36/36, >75%). Results from these findings, the bovine blood iCa
checker may be applied as a simplified system to measure the iCa concentration in bovine whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Suzuki
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Nao Kondo
- Arekinai Livestock Veterinary Clinic, Hokkaido Higashi Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 177-3 Kita1senn, Aza Arekinaigenya, Shibecha-cho, Kawakami-gun, Hokkaido 088-2272, Japan
| | - Kaede Takagi
- Ishigaki Bovine Hospital, Okinawa 907-0024, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Nishikawa
- Hamanaka Livestock Veterinary Clinic, Hokkaido Higashi Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, 33 Chanai-Midori, Hamanaka-cho, Akkeshi-gun, Hokkaido 088-1361, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakami
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Marina Otsuka
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsukano
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Ikeda
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | | | - Ichiro Yasutomi
- Yubetsu Herd Management Service, 450-3 Baro, Yubetsu, Monbetsu-gun, Hokkaido 093-0731, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawamoto
- The School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunnkyoudai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Feijó JDO, Londero US, Pizoni C, Alvarado-Rincón JA, Barbosa AA, Schmitt E, Pereira RA, Pino FABD, Corrêa MN. Hemogasometric and biochemical changes caused by diets with high negative cation-anion balance in dairy cows. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v22e-67426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate hemogasometric and metabolic indicators in the first postpartum hours of dairy cows that received different cation-anion diets in the prepartum period. Holstein cows (n=14), multiparous, were divided into two groups: (1) acidogenic diet (DA -27.13 mEq/100 g of DM) (n=7) and (2) neutral diet (DN -3.25 mEq/100 g of DM) (n=7), provided from 30 days before the expected calving. Urine samples were collected every three days from the beginning of supplementation until the day of delivery for pH verification. Blood samples were collected at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h postpartum for hemogasometric and biochemical analyses. The animals that received DA presented lower urinary pH. The serum concentration of total calcium, ionized calcium and the incidence of subclinical hypocalcemia did not differ between groups. Animals that received DA presented reduction in blood levels of total plasma proteins, globulins, bicarbonate and blood pH, in addition to increased activity of paraoxone-1 and reduction in the concentration of haptoglobin from animals of DN. In conclusion, we can infer that, anionic diets can alter blood pH, interfere with protein synthesis, and probably improve antioxidant capacity.
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Nedić S, Palamarević M, Arsić S, Jovanović L, Prodanović R, Kirovski D, Vujanac I. Parathyroid hormone response in treatment of subclinical hypocalcemia in postpartum dairy cows. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:351-356. [PMID: 32739683 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate different treatments of postpartum subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows with emphasis on PTH response. Twenty four cows with subclinical hypocalcemia (Ca 1.4-2.0 mmol/L), out of 180 Holstein cows tested, were assigned in one of three equal groups: (1) CON received no Ca supplementation, (2) PO-Ca received 1000 mL of oral Ca suspension, immediately after establishing hypocalcemia, and 500 mL of the suspension 12 h after, (3) IV-Ca intravenously received 500 mL of Ca immediately after establishing hypocalcemia. The blood samples were taken up to 48 h after initial treatment for determination of Ca, iP, Mg and PTH concentrations. Urine pH was also evaluated up to 48 h after initial treatment. Compered to CON cows that were hypocalcemic up to the 48 h, Ca concentrations were significantly higher in PO-Ca up to hour 8 and IV-Ca up to hour 24. At first 2 h, PTH concentrations were significantly lower, compared to CON, only in IV-Ca, while at hour 4 PTH concentrations were significantly lower in both treated groups. At hours 24 and 48, PTH concentrations were significantly lower only in PO-Ca compared to CON group. Urine pH values in CON indicate alkalosis and were significantly lower both in PO-Ca and IV-Ca group, up to 12 h and 24 h respectively. In conclusion, both treatments mitigated hypocalcemia in cows, but with significantly different PTH response. Due to adequate PTH response, normocalcemia is established in CON and expected transient hypocalcemia is avoided in IV-Ca cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreten Nedić
- Department of Ruminants and Swine Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milija Palamarević
- Department of Ruminants and Swine Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sveta Arsić
- Department of Ruminants and Swine Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubomir Jovanović
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radiša Prodanović
- Department of Ruminants and Swine Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Kirovski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Vujanac
- Department of Ruminants and Swine Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Sayiner S, Fidanci UR, Kucukersan S, Kismali G, Meral O, Sehirli AO, Sel T, Karagul H. Vitamin A, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium status of heifers grazing in Northern Cyprus. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:1869-1874. [PMID: 31953691 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) are essential components for the health and reproductive yield of dairy cows. In this study, it is aimed to profile the calcium, phosphorus and magnesium elements together with vitamin A, which are important components in cattle bred and reared in Northern Cyprus. To analyse these parameters, 260 clinically healthy animals, at least 30 from each region, were blood sampled from eight different regions (Nicosia, Gecitkale, Vadili, Famagusta, Iskele, Ziyamet, Morphou and Kyrenia) during both summer and winter seasons. Vitamin A, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were measured from blood samples. Vitamin A levels increased significantly only in Nicosia and Ziyamet regions during the winter season, while there was no seasonal difference from the other regions. Calcium and phosphorus levels were higher in summer when compared with winter. Magnesium levels were significantly higher in winter than in summer. In the comparison between regions in summer and winter, the change in P and Mg values was significant, whereas Ca only showed inter-regional differences during winter. In conclusion, all the parameters found were within the expected ranges but affected by seasonal changes. Therefore, we think that calcium and phosphorus supplementation in winter and vitamin A and magnesium supplementation in summer will provide positive results on cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Sayiner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Ulvi Reha Fidanci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seher Kucukersan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gorkem Kismali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ogunc Meral
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozer Sehirli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Tevhide Sel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Karagul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
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