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Diaz-Churion F, Yu Lee-Mateus A, Mirzan H, Khoor A, Abia-Trujillo D, Fernandez-Bussy S. Patient With Metastatic Airway Calcification and Hypercalcemia Due to Secondary Hyperparathyroidism. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2023; 30:387-390. [PMID: 37055879 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haares Mirzan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonvile, FL
| | - Andras Khoor
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - David Abia-Trujillo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonvile, FL
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2
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Loh TC, Pang YK, Liam CK, Chew MF, Tan JL. Metastatic pulmonary calcification mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis: A case report. Respirol Case Rep 2022; 10:e01030. [PMID: 36090023 PMCID: PMC9434080 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) is characterized by deposition of calcium in the normal lung parenchyma secondary to elevation of serum calcium. Most patients are asymptomatic and routine chest radiograph is not sensitive to make the diagnosis. Further imaging is needed such as computed tomography (CT) which typically shows small centrilobular nodules in the upper lobes. We report a case of a 30‐year‐old woman with end stage kidney disease who was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis which was then revised to metastatic pulmonary calcification. The CT thorax feature for this patient was atypical for metastatic pulmonary calcification where it demonstrated tree‐in‐bud nodules suggestive of infection. The final diagnosis was made based on bronchoalveolar lavage which was culture‐negative for Mycobacterium and transbronchial lung biopsy demonstrating calcium deposition in the interstitium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian Chee Loh
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Yong Kek Pang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Chong Kin Liam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Man Fong Chew
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Jiunn Liang Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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3
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Jarjou'i A, Bogot N, Kalak G, Chen‐Shuali C, Rokach A, Izbicki G, Arish N. Diffuse pulmonary calcifications: A case series and review of literature. Respirol Case Rep 2021; 9:e0839. [PMID: 34484796 PMCID: PMC8406395 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary calcifications are usually incidental asymptomatic findings discovered on x-rays or computed tomography scans that can be easily overlooked, and their significance undermined, especially in a seemingly asymptomatic person. Calcifications can be a marker of chronicity or disease severity, and thus have diagnostic value. Rarely, calcification can be the direct cause of morbidity. Calcifications can be either localized or diffuse. Many diseases, in particular infectious diseases, can cause localized calcifications. Diffuse calcifications are less common and usually secondary to a handful of conditions such as dystrophic pulmonary calcifications, metastatic pulmonary calcifications, disseminated pulmonary ossifications and pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. We describe three cases of diffuse pulmonary calcifications, review the different causes of diffuse pulmonary calcifications and provide some indicators on how to differentiate between them. Differentiating between the different types of pulmonary calcifications has significant implications on the management and prognosis of the patients, and thus it is important to distinguish between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jarjou'i
- Pulmonary Institute, Department of MedicineShaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Naama Bogot
- Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- Radiology DepartmentShaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - George Kalak
- Pulmonary Institute, Department of MedicineShaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Chen Chen‐Shuali
- Pulmonary Institute, Department of MedicineShaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ariel Rokach
- Pulmonary Institute, Department of MedicineShaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Gabriel Izbicki
- Pulmonary Institute, Department of MedicineShaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Nissim Arish
- Pulmonary Institute, Department of MedicineShaare Zedek Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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4
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Ortega MA, Saez MÁ, Asúnsolo Á, Romero B, Bravo C, Coca S, Sainz F, Álvarez-Mon M, Buján J, García-Honduvilla N. Upregulation of VEGF and PEDF in Placentas of Women with Lower Extremity Venous Insufficiency during Pregnancy and Its Implication in Villous Calcification. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019:5320902. [PMID: 31886225 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5320902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a period in a woman's life in which changes can occur that affect different physiological processes. Common conditions during this period include vascular changes, such as lower extremity venous insufficiency (VI). This is an observational, analytical, and prospective cohort study in which 114 pregnant women were analyzed, of which 62 were clinically diagnosed with VI. In parallel, 52 control patients without VI (HC) were studied. The aim of this study was to observe changes in angiogenesis and inflammation markers as well as the presence of calcium deposits. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. The presence of calcium deposits was revealed using the von Kossa method. In the placentas of mothers with VI, gene expression of VEGF (34.575 [32.380–36.720] VI vs 32.965 [30.580–36.320] HC) and PEDF (25.417 [24.459–27.675] VI vs 24.400 [23.102–30.223] HC) significantly increased, as was protein expression in the placental villi. An increase in calcium deposits was observed in the placentas of women with VI (72.58% VI/53.84% HC). This study revealed the existence of cellular damage in the placental villi of mothers with VI with tissue implications such as increased calcification.
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Abstract
Metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) has been described in the literature to affect up to 60% of dialysis patients. Several case series of MPC were described in 1960s and 1970s. Patients are generally asymptomatic or may present with acute respiratory distress. This entity is associated with up to 60% mortality. We hereby report a case of chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis who presented with unexplained recurrent dyspnea despite adequate hemodialysis. She was evaluated and found to have a rare presentation of calciphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kauntia
- Department of Nephrology and Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - V Bhargava
- Department of Nephrology and Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Nephrology and Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - D S Rana
- Department of Nephrology and Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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6
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Dilorenzo G, Telegrafo M, Marano G, De Ceglie M, Stabile Ianora AA, Angelelli G, Moschetta M. Uremic lung: The "calcified cauliflower" sign in the end stage renal disease. Respir Med Case Rep 2016; 19:159-161. [PMID: 27766197 PMCID: PMC5065642 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) is a rare pathological condition consisting of lung calcium salt deposits which commonly occurs in patients affected by chronic kidney disease probably for some abnormalities in calcium and phosphate metabolism. CT represents the technique of choice for detecting MPC findings including ground glass opacities and partially calcified nodules or consolidations. We present a case of MCP in a patient affected by hepato-renal autosomic-dominant polycystic disease; chest CT revealed extensive lobar-segmental parenchymal calcification with a peculiar cauliflower shape which we called “calcified cauliflower” sign. The “calcified cauliflower” sign can be reported as a new CT pattern of uremic lung that needs to be identified for a correct diagnosis and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dilorenzo
- DIM, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Telegrafo
- DIM, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- DIM, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele De Ceglie
- DIM, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Amato Antonio Stabile Ianora
- DIM, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Angelelli
- DIM, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Moschetta
- DETO, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Arrestier R, Dudreuilh C, Remy P, Boulahia G, Bentaarit B, Leibler C, Adedjouma A, Kofman T, Matignon M, Sahali D, Dufresne R, Deux JF, Colin C, Grimbert P, Lang P, Bartolucci P, Maitre B, Tran Van Nhieu J, Audard V. Successful Treatment of Lung Calciphylaxis With Sodium Thiosulfate in a Patient With Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2768. [PMID: 26871829 PMCID: PMC4753925 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calciphylaxis is a small vessel vasculopathy, characterized by medial wall calcification that develops in a few patients with chronic renal failure. The prognosis of skin calciphylaxis has improved considerably since the introduction of sodium thiosulfate (STS), but it remains unclear whether this therapy is effective against organ lesions related to calciphylaxis. Pulmonary calciphylaxis is a usually fatal medical condition that may occur in association with skin involvement in patients with end-stage renal disease.We report here the case of a 49-year-old woman homozygous sickle cell disease patient on chronic hemodialysis with biopsy-proven systemic calciphylaxis involving the lungs and skin. On admission, ulcerative skin lesions on the lower limbs and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on chest computerized tomography scan were the main clinical and radiological findings. Skin and bronchial biopsies demonstrated calciphylaxis lesions. The intravenous administration of STS in association with cinacalcet for 8 consecutive months led to a clear improvement in skin lesions and thoracic lesions on chest computerized tomography scan.This case suggests for the first time that organ lesions related to calciphylaxis, and particularly lung injury, are potentially reversible. This improvement probably resulted from the combination of 3 interventions (more frequent dialysis, cinacalcet, and STS), rather than the administration of STS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Arrestier
- From the Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Centre de référence maladie rare Syndrome Néphrotique Idiopathique, Institut Francilien de recherche en Néphrologie et Transplantation (IFRNT), AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Créteil, France (RA, CD, PR, GB, BB, CL, AD, TK, MM, DS, PG, PL, VA); Equipe 21, INSERM Unité 955 (RA, CD, PR, GB, BB, CL, AD, TK, MM, DS, PG, PL, VA); Centre de Dialyse des Nouvelles Eaux Vives, 97100 Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe (RD); Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, APHP, UPEC, Créteil, France (J-FD); Service de Pneumologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, APHP, UPEC, Créteil, France (CC, BM); Centre de Référence des Syndromes Drépanocytaires Majeurs, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, APHP, UPEC, Créteil, France (PB); and Département de Pathologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, APHP, UPEC, Créteil, France (J-TVN), Créteil, France
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Abstract
Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) due to various mechanisms are prone to significant pulmonary comorbidities. With the improvements in renal replacement therapy (RRT), patients with CRF are now expected to live longer, and thus may develop complications in the lung from these processes. The preferred treatment of CRF is kidney transplantation and patients who are selected to undergo transplant must have a thorough preoperative pulmonary evaluation to assess pulmonary status and to determine risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. A MEDLINE®/PubMed® search was performed to identify all articles outlining the course of pre-surgical pulmonary evaluation with an emphasis on patients with CRF who have been selected for renal transplant. Literature review concluded that in addition to generic pre-surgical evaluation, renal transplant patients must also undergo a full cardiopulmonary and sleep evaluation to investigate possible existing pulmonary pathologies. Presence of any risk factor should then be aggressively managed or treated prior to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Sahni
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, USA
| | - Ernesto Molmenti
- Department of Transplant Surgery, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, USA
| | - Madhu C Bhaskaran
- Department of Nephrology, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Ali
- Department of Nephrology, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, USA
| | - Amit Basu
- Department of Transplant Surgery, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, USA
| | - Arunabh Talwar
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, USA
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Saraya T, Sada M, Ohkuma K, Sakuma S, Tsujimoto N, Yoshida S, Fujiwara M, Tsukahara Y, Kurai D, Ishii H, Takizawa H, Goto H. Evidence of unilateral metastatic pulmonary calcification with a prolonged Fever and arthralgia caused by acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a chronic dialysis patient. Intern Med 2015; 54:63-7. [PMID: 25742896 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 55-year-old man was transferred to our hospital with unilateral lung lesions, a persistent fever and vague chest pain with arthralgia lasting for three months. He had been treated for end-stage renal disease with hemodialysis for 15 years and had a medical history of recurrent subcutaneous calciphylaxis due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Transbronchial biopsied specimens demonstrated metastatic pulmonary calcification, and a bone marrow biopsy showed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Although metastatic calcification often lacks specific symptoms, the lungs is a primary site for deposition. This is the first report of unilateral metastatic pulmonary calcification associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Saraya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Japan
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Popper HH. Interstitial lung diseases-can pathologists arrive at an etiology-based diagnosis? A critical update. Virchows Arch 2013; 462:1-26. [PMID: 23224047 PMCID: PMC7102182 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) encompass a group of diseases with a wide range of etiologies and a variety of tissue reactions within the lung. In many instances, a careful evaluation of the tissue reactions will result in a specific diagnosis or at least in a narrow range of differentials, which will assist the clinician to arrive at a definite diagnosis, when combining our interpretation with the clinical presentation of the patient and high-resolution computed tomography. In this review, we will exclude granulomatous pneumonias as well as vascular diseases (primary arterial pulmonary hypertension and vasculitis); however, pulmonary hypertension as a complication of interstitial processes will be mentioned. Few entities of pneumoconiosis presenting as an interstitial process will be included, whereas those with granulomatous reactions will be excluded. Drug reactions will be touched on within interstitial pneumonias, but will not be a major focus. In contrast to the present-day preferred descriptive pattern recognition, it is the author's strong belief that pathologists should always try to dig out the etiology from a tissue specimen and not being satisfied with just a pattern description. It is the difference of sorting tissue reactions into boxes by their main pattern, without recognizing minor or minute reactions, which sometimes will guide one to the correct etiology-oriented interpretation. In the author's personal perspective, tissue reactions can even be sorted by their timeliness, and therefore, ordered by the time of appearance, providing an insight into the pathogenesis and course of a disease. Also, underlying immune mechanisms will be discussed briefly as far as they are essential to understand the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut H Popper
- Research Unit for Molecular Lung and Pleura Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, Graz, 8036, Austria.
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