Duration of anthelmintic effect of three formulations of ivermectin (oral, injectable and pour-on) against multiple anthelmintic-resistant haemonchus contortus in sheep

14-Day Repeated Intraperitoneal Toxicity Test of Ivermectin Microemulsion Injection in Wistar Rats

To evaluate the safety of ivermectin microemulsion injection, 100 Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally at 0.38 g/kg, 0.19 g/kg, and 0.1 g/kg for 14 days. The 14-day repeated toxicity test of ivermectin microemulsion injection was systematically evaluated by clinical observation, organ coefficient, hematological examination, clinical chemistry examination, and histopathological examination. The results showed that no rats died during the test. At the initial stage of treatment, the rats in the high dose group had mild clinical reaction, which disappeared after 4 days. Clinical chemistry showed that the high dose of ivermectin microemulsion could cause significant changes in ALT and LDH parameters in male rats; high and medium doses could increase the liver coefficients of male and female rats. The toxic target organ may be the liver as indicated by histopathological findings. No significant toxic injury was found in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, ovary, and testes of all groups of rats. No drug-related toxic effects were found at low doses, and thus the NOVEL of ivermectin microemulsion injection was 0.19 g/kg.

Prevalence and seasonal variation of trichurid worm infections of small ruminants of Mathura, India

Despite single handily causing significant deleterious effects on the health and production of small ruminants, trichurid infections are still amongst the underreported diseases in the Indian context. The present study deals with the season wise prevalence of Trichuris sp. in small ruminants from Mathura region India. An overall prevalence of 8.73 % in sheep and 13.65 % in goats was found in the instant study. Highest prevalence were recorded in rainy season (11.03 and 16.84 %) followed by summer (8.12 and 13.06 %) and winter season (6.91 and 11.39 %) in sheep and goats, respectively. So far as age wise prevalence is concerned, young sheep and goat (<6 months of age) were found to more affected than their adult (>6 months) counterparts. Again considering the sex wise prevalence rates, female animals were found more affected than male counterparts regardless of both the species. Finally, the contributing factors, trends in variations of parasitism and comparison with available literature has been described. The study has generated some vital data about this under reported parasitic entity.