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Opperman RCM, Bosch S, Nazmi K, Bikker FJ, Brand HS, Jimenez CR, de Meij TGJ, Dekker E, de Boer NKH, Kaman WE. Detecting Colorectal Neoplasia Using Specific Fecal Fluorogenic Protease-Sensitive Substrates: A Pilot Study. Anal Chem 2024; 96:20239-20246. [PMID: 39665576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND identification and removal of advanced adenomas (AA) reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and potentially mortality. CRC screening often uses fecal immunochemical testing to select high-risk individuals for colonoscopy, despite its low sensitivity for AA and relatively high false-positivity rate. Previous studies have linked proteases to CRC development through their ability to facilitate angiogenesis and immunoregulation. This study aims to identify colorectal neoplasia-associated proteases and their substrates as a potential noninvasive screening test, introducing an innovative application of fecal protease profiling, which has previously been limited to tissue samples. METHODS eighteen fluorogenic substrates were designed based on literature. Proteolytic degradation of these substrates was measured in fecal samples of patients with CRC (n = 12), AA (n = 9), nonadvanced adenomas (n = 10), and controls (n = 14). Substrate degradation was correlated to a matched human proteome data set, and underlying proteases were identified based on their recognition patterns. Experiments with protease inhibitors and ZnCl2 were performed to further characterize the involved proteases. RESULTS in total, 7 of the 18 substrates tested showed a significantly decreased proteolytic degradation in feces from patients with any colorectal neoplasia compared to the control group. The l-aspartic acid-l-glutamic acid substrate (ED) showed significantly decreased degradation in AA and CRC patients. ED degradation significantly decreased with the addition of ZnCl2 and the cysteine protease inhibitor NEM. CONCLUSION we successfully developed colorectal neoplasia-specific fluorogenic substrates, highlighting the ED substrate as a potential substrate for the detection of AA and CRC. Although the responsible proteases require further identification, our results suggest an association with calcium-dependent cysteine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza C M Opperman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Program, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Bosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk S Brand
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Research Program, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim G J de Meij
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Dekker
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Program, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy E Kaman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chinnappan R, Al Attas S, Kaman WE, Bikker FJ, Zourob M. Development of magnetic nanoparticle based calorimetric assay for the detection of bovine mastitis in cow milk. Anal Biochem 2017; 523:58-64. [PMID: 28219684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis in dairy cattle is an inflammatory reaction of the udder tissue. Mastitis increases plasmin levels, leading to an increased proteolysis of milk proteins such as casein, resulting in a significant decrease in milk quality and related dairy products. Due to its key-role in mastitis, we used plasmin proteolytic activity as a biomarker for the detection of mastitis in bovine mastitic milk. Inspired by earlier studies on protease activity using mastitic milk samples, we developed a simple colorimetric assay to distinguish mastitic milk from milk derived from healthy animals. The plasmin substrate coupled to magnetic nanoparticles form a black self-assembled monolayer on a gold sensor surface. In the presence of increased levels of plasmin, the substrate is cleaved and the peptide fragment attached to the magnetic beads, will be attracted by the magnet which is present under the sensor strips revealing the golden surface. We found the area of the golden color surface proportional to plasmin activity. The sensitivity of this method was determined to be 1 ng/ml of plasmin in vitro. Next, we tested the biosensor using mastitis positive milk of which infection is confirmed by bacterial cultures. This newly developed colorimetric biosensor has high potential in applications for the diagnosis of mastitis with potential spin offs to health, food and environmental sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chinnappan
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Al Attas
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King abdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wendy E Kaman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia.
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Megia-Fernandez A, Mills B, Michels C, Chankeshwara SV, Dhaliwal K, Bradley M. Highly selective and rapidly activatable fluorogenic Thrombin sensors and application in human lung tissue. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:4344-4350. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00663b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A fast and selective fluorogenic probe for Thrombin is reported and applied in ex vivo fibrotic human lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany Mills
- EPSRC IRC Hub. Pulmonary Optical Molecular Imaging Group
- MRC/Centre of Inflammation Research
- Queen's Medical Research Institute
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
| | - Chesney Michels
- EPSRC IRC Hub. Pulmonary Optical Molecular Imaging Group
- MRC/Centre of Inflammation Research
- Queen's Medical Research Institute
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
| | | | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- EPSRC IRC Hub. Pulmonary Optical Molecular Imaging Group
- MRC/Centre of Inflammation Research
- Queen's Medical Research Institute
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStChem
- School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
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Koop G, van Werven T, Roffel S, Hogeveen H, Nazmi K, Bikker F. Short communication: Protease activity measurement in milk as a diagnostic test for clinical mastitis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:4613-8. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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