A double-blinded placebo-controlled evaluation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of canine atopic dermatitis

Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine-Still Untapped Potential

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold significant therapeutic potential in veterinary medicine due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. This review examines the clinical applications of MSCs across multiple animal species, including equine, canine, feline, and bovine medicine. MSC therapies have demonstrated promising outcomes in treating musculoskeletal disorders, osteoarthritis, inflammatory diseases, and tissue injuries, particularly in horses and dogs. In cats, MSCs show potential for managing chronic kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma, while in bovine medicine, they offer alternative treatment approaches for mastitis and orthopedic injuries. Despite these advancements, challenges such as treatment standardization, cell sourcing, and potential adverse effects, including tumorigenicity, remain under investigation. The emerging field of MSC-based veterinary medicine highlights its capacity to enhance healing, reduce inflammation, and improve clinical outcomes. However, further research is necessary to optimize treatment protocols and address safety concerns, ensuring the widespread adoption of MSC therapies in veterinary practice.

Current Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies Applied to Wounds and Skin, Eye, and Neuromuscular Diseases in Companion Animals

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a very promising alternative tool in cell therapies and regenerative medicine due to their ease of obtaining from various tissues and their ability to differentiate into different cell types. This manuscript provides a review of current knowledge on the use of MSC-based therapies as an alternative for certain common pathologies in dogs and cats where conventional treatments are ineffective. The aim of this review is to assist clinical veterinarians in making decisions about the suitability of each protocol from a clinical perspective, rather than focusing solely on research. MSC-based therapies have shown promising results in certain pathologies, such as spinal cord injuries, wounds, and skin and eye diseases. However, the effectiveness of these cell therapies can be influenced by a wide array of factors, leading to varying outcomes. Future research will focus on designing protocols and methodologies that allow more precise and effective MSC treatments for each case.

Recent advance in mesenchymal stem cells therapy for atopic dermatitis

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells found in a variety of tissues in the body, including but not limited to bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, and umbilical cord blood. Given their immunomodulatory effect and ability to be readily isolated from several tissues, they have great potential to be used as a therapeutic agent in a variety of immune-mediated disorders. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a persistent and relapsing immune skin condition that has recently become more common in several species such as humans, canines, equines, and felines. The use of MSCs to treat AD has piqued the great interest of researchers in recent years. In this article, we review the recent understanding of AD pathology and advances in preclinical and clinical studies of MSCs, MSCs-derived conditional media and exosomes as therapeutic tools to treat AD.

The effect of uterine-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: A pilot study

Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common allergic skin condition among dogs that may respond to treatment with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogeneic uterine tissue-derived MSCs (UMSCs) for the reduction and control of clinical signs associated with cAD. At two sites, seven client-owned dogs with cAD received two doses of approximately 3.6 x 10⁷ UMSCs given intravenously over 30 min, on Day 0 and Day 14, with monthly clinical follow-up until Day 90 and optional owner phone interview on Day 180. Primary outcomes were pruritus and skin lesions. Pruritus was measured by the owner-assessed Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS), with treatment success defined as a 2-point reduction in PVAS score at any timepoint after treatment. Skin lesions were evaluated by two veterinarians according to the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI-4). The secondary outcome was safety, which was evaluated via physical exam and hematology, including complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry, and urinalysis (UA). Treatment was generally well tolerated and associated with a significant reduction in PVAS on Day 30 that was maintained through Day 180. On Day 60, five dogs (71%) achieved treatment success (at least 2-point reduction in PVAS), and three dogs (43%) had a PVAS improvement of 4-5 points. Mean CADESI-4 score was significantly improved on Day 14, Day 30, Day 60, and Day 90, with the lowest mean score observed on Day 60. Three dogs exhibited mild and transient adverse events. These findings suggest that IV-administered allogeneic UMSCs reduce and control clinical signs of cAD, with a durable benefit lasting 3–6 months.

Improvement of anemia in five dogs with nonregenerative anemia treated with allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells

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Five canine cases with nonregenerative anemia were included in this study.

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All were treated with allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs).

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All cases showed improvement of anemia by ADSCs treatment.

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An Outstanding Role of Adipose Tissue in Canine Stem Cell Therapy

Adipose tissue, previously known as connective tissue with a role in energy storage, is currently changing the course of treatments in veterinary medicine. Recent studies have revealed one particularly impressive function among all the newly discovered functions of adipose tissue. The interactive cells hosted by adipose tissue, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and their role in treating numerous diseases have provided a prospective course of research with positive outcomes in regenerative veterinary medicine (RVM). This review describes the main features of adipose tissue, emphasizing an eclectic combination of cells within the SVF and its thus far researched therapeutic possibilities in canine RVM. An afterwards focus is on a highly researched component of the SVF, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), which were shown to have an extraordinary impact relying on several proposed mechanisms of action on mitigating pathologies in canines. Furthermore, ASC therapy showed the most significant results in the orthopaedics field and in neurology, dermatology, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, and hepatology, which elevates the possibilities of ASC therapy to a whole new level. Therefore, this review article aims to raise awareness of the importance of research on cellular components, within abundant and easily accessible adipose tissue, in the direction of regenerative therapy in canines, considering the positive outcomes so far. Although the focus is on the positive aspects of cellular therapy in canines, the researchers should not forget the importance of identifying the potential negative aspects within published and upcoming research. Safe and standardized treatment represents a fundamental prerequisite for positively impacting the lives of canine patients.