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Song Y, Yuan Z, Ji J, Ruan Y, Li X, Wang L, Zeng W, Wu K, Hu W, Yi L, Ding H, Zhao M, Fan S, Li Z, Chen J. Development of a Ferritin-Based Nanoparticle Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:948. [PMID: 39204071 PMCID: PMC11360710 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of classical swine fever (CSF) poses a significant threat to the global swine industry. Developing an effective and safe vaccine is crucial for preventing and controlling CSF. Here, we constructed self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles fused with the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) E2 protein and a derived B cell epitope (Fe-E2B) using a baculovirus expression system (BVES), demonstrating enhanced immunogenicity. Furthermore, we provide a detailed evaluation of the immunological efficacy of the FeE2B in rabbits. The results showed that robust and sustained antibody responses were detected in rabbits immunized with the Fe-E2B nanoparticle vaccine, comparable to those elicited by commercially available vaccines. Additionally, we demonstrated that the vaccine effectively activated crucial immune factors IFN-γ and IL-4 in vivo, increasing their levels by 1.41-fold and 1.39-fold, respectively. Immunization with Fe-E2B enabled rabbits to avoid viremia and stereotypic fever after CSFV challenge. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of ferritin nanoparticles as antigen-presenting carriers to induce robust immune responses, proposing a candidate vaccine strategy for the prevention and control of CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease Prevention and Control of Guangdong, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhongmao Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease Prevention and Control of Guangdong, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junzhi Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease Prevention and Control of Guangdong, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
| | - Lianxiang Wang
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing 527400, China;
| | - Weijun Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease Prevention and Control of Guangdong, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease Prevention and Control of Guangdong, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenshuo Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease Prevention and Control of Guangdong, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease Prevention and Control of Guangdong, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease Prevention and Control of Guangdong, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoyao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
- Wen’s Group Academy, Wen’s Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Xinxing 527400, China;
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Y.); (J.J.); (Y.R.); (X.L.); (W.Z.); (K.W.); (W.H.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.); (S.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic Disease Prevention and Control of Guangdong, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Zhao X, Wang X, Yuan M, Zhang X, Yang X, Guan X, Li S, Ma J, Qiu HJ, Li Y. Identification of two novel T cell epitopes on the E2 protein of classical swine fever virus C-strain. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109814. [PMID: 37356277 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
C-strain, also known as the HCLV strain, is a well-known live attenuated vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF), a devastating disease caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Vaccination with C-strain induces a rapid onset of protection, which is associated with virus-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-secreting CD8+ T cell responses. The E2 protein of CSFV is a major protective antigen. However, the T cell epitopes on the E2 protein remain largely unknown. In this study, eight overlapping nonapeptides of the E2 protein were predicted and synthesized to screen for potential T cell epitopes on the CSFV C-strain E2 protein. Molecular docking was performed on the candidate epitopes with the swine leukocyte antigen-1*0401. The analysis obtained two highly conserved T cell epitopes, 90STEEMGDDF98 and 331ATDRHSDYF339, which were further identified by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Interestingly, the mutants deleting or substituting the epitopes are nonviable. Further analysis demonstrated that 90STEEMGDDF98 is crucial for the E2 homodimerization, while CSFV infection is significantly inhibited by the 331ATDRHSDYF339 peptide treatment. The two novel T cell epitopes can be used to design new vaccines that are able to provide rapid-onset protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Mengqi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoke Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangyu Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuwen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jifei Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
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Proline to Threonine Mutation at Position 162 of NS5B of Classical Swine Fever Virus Vaccine C Strain Promoted Genome Replication and Infectious Virus Production by Facilitating Initiation of RNA Synthesis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081523. [PMID: 34452387 PMCID: PMC8402891 DOI: 10.3390/v13081523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) and NS5B of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) play vital roles in viral genome replication. In this study, two chimeric viruses, vC/SM3′UTR and vC/b3′UTR, with 3′UTR substitution of CSFV Shimen strain or bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) NADL strain, were constructed based on the infectious cDNA clone of CSFV vaccine C strain, respectively. After virus rescue, each recombinant chimeric virus was subjected to continuous passages in PK-15 cells. The representative passaged viruses were characterized and sequenced. Serial passages resulted in generation of mutations and the passaged viruses exhibited significantly increased genomic replication efficiency and infectious virus production compared to parent viruses. A proline to threonine mutation at position 162 of NS5B was identified in both passaged vC/SM3′UTR and vC/b3′UTR. We generated P162T mutants of two chimeras using the reverse genetics system, separately. The single P162T mutation in NS5B of vC/SM3′UTR or vC/b3′UTR played a key role in increased viral genome replication and infectious virus production. The P162T mutation increased vC/SM3′UTRP162T replication in rabbits. From RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) assays in vitro, the NS5B containing P162T mutation (NS5BP162T) exhibited enhanced RdRp activity for different RNA templates. We further identified that the enhanced RdRp activity originated from increased initiation efficiency of RNA synthesis. These findings revealed a novel function for the NS5B residue 162 in modulating pestivirus replication.
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Clemmons EA, Alfson KJ, Dutton JW. Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2039. [PMID: 34359167 PMCID: PMC8300273 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals provide food and other critical resources to most of the global population. As such, diseases of animals can cause dire consequences, especially disease with high rates of morbidity or mortality. Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious or transmissible, epidemic diseases, with the potential to spread rapidly across the globe and the potential to cause substantial socioeconomic and public health consequences. Transboundary animal diseases can threaten the global food supply, reduce the availability of non-food animal products, or cause the loss of human productivity or life. Further, TADs result in socioeconomic consequences from costs of control or preventative measures, and from trade restrictions. A greater understanding of the transmission, spread, and pathogenesis of these diseases is required. Further work is also needed to improve the efficacy and cost of both diagnostics and vaccines. This review aims to give a broad overview of 17 TADs, providing researchers and veterinarians with a current, succinct resource of salient details regarding these significant diseases. For each disease, we provide a synopsis of the disease and its status, species and geographic areas affected, a summary of in vitro or in vivo research models, and when available, information regarding prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Clemmons
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
| | - Kendra J. Alfson
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - John W. Dutton
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
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Xu H, Han G, Lu Y, Liu Z, Tao L, He F. Broad neutralization of CSFV with novel monoclonal antibodies in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:513-523. [PMID: 33493566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever is a highly contagious disease in China. Although vaccination against Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) has been widely carried out in China, CSFV cases still emerge in an endless stream. Therefore, it is necessary to take new antiviral measures to eliminate CSFV. Glycoprotein E2 of CSFV is the major vaccine candidate that confers protective immunity. Thus, in this study, a batch of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against E2, as alternative antiviral strategies, were produced. Among them, mAbs 6D10, 8D8 and 3C12 presented neutralizing reactivity against CSFV in a dose-dependent manner. Based on truncated overlapping fragments of E2 and mutants, three linear neutralizing epitopes were identified highly conserved in various CSFV strains. Epitopes 8YRYAIS13 and 254HECLIG259 were reported for the first time. All the three epitopes are involved in virus internalization and attachment as shown in pre- or post-attachment neutralization. Recombinant polypeptides carrying epitopes successfully inhibit virus infection in PK-15 cells, indicating epitopes were located in receptor-binding domain (RBD). Further, both prophylactic and therapeutic functions of neutralizing antibody were evaluated in rabbits upon CSFV challenge, confirming the efficacy in vivo. These findings provide alternative antiviral strategies against CSFV and deepen the understanding in E2 function during virus entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Xu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangwei Han
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zehui Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Tao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Zhao Z, Chen X, Chen Y, Li H, Fang K, Chen H, Li X, Qian P. A Self-Assembling Ferritin Nanoplatform for Designing Classical Swine Fever Vaccine: Elicitation of Potent Neutralizing Antibody. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:45. [PMID: 33451123 PMCID: PMC7828615 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-based self-assembling nanoplatforms exhibit superior immunogenicity compared with soluble antigens. Here, we present a comprehensive vaccine strategy for displaying classical swine fever virus (CSFV) E2 glycoprotein on the surface of ferritin (fe) nanocages. An E2-specific blocking antibody assay showed that the blocking rates in pE2-fe/Gel02 (84.3%) and a half-dose cohort of E2-fe/Gel02 (81.9%) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in a ferritin-free cohort of pE2/Gel02 (62.7%) at 21 days post immunization (dpi) in vivo. Furthermore, quantitation of neutralizing potency revealed that a highly significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between the pE2-fe/Gel02 cohort (1:32, equivalent to live-attenuated strain C at 1:32) and the pE2/Gel02 cohort (1:4) at 21 dpi. Moreover, the innate immune cytokines of IL-4 and IFN-γ activated by the half-dose (20 μg) cohort of E2-fe/Gel02 were equivalent to those elicited by the full dose (40 μg) of purified E2 in the pE2/Gel02 cohort at most time points. In conclusion, we successfully obtained an antigen-displaying E2-ferritin nanoplatform and confirmed high ferritin-assisted humoral and cellular immunities. Our results provided a novel paradigm of self-assembling nanovaccine development for the defense and elimination of potentially pandemic infectious viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (H.L.); (K.F.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (H.L.); (K.F.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (H.L.); (K.F.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (H.L.); (K.F.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (H.L.); (K.F.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (H.L.); (K.F.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (H.L.); (K.F.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.C.); (H.L.); (K.F.); (H.C.); (X.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Han Y, Xie L, Yuan M, Ma Y, Sun H, Sun Y, Li Y, Qiu HJ. Development of a marker vaccine candidate against classical swine fever based on the live attenuated vaccine C-strain. Vet Microbiol 2020; 247:108741. [PMID: 32768202 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and economically damaging disease. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) lapinized vaccine C-strain against CSF worldwide lacks the capacity for the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). To develop a marker C-strain complying with the DIVA principle, we generated and evaluated mutants rHCLV-E2F117A, rHCLV-E2G119A, and rHCLV-E2P122A, which harbor the single amino acid mutation at 117F, 119G or 122P of the monoclonal antibody HQ06-recognized epitope on the E2 glycoprotein in rabbits and pigs. Viral intravenous administration demonstrated that all the mutants retain the phenotype of C-strain in rabbits, including fever response induction and replication in the spleen. Notably, the HQ06-recognized epitope did not react with the antibodies induced by rHCLV-E2P122A in rabbits, in contrast with C-strain and other two mutants. Intramuscular administration of rHCLV-E2P122A in pigs induced anti-CSFV neutralizing antibodies but not antibodies against the HQ06-recognized epitope at 28 days post-inoculation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that rHCLV-E2P122A is a promising marker vaccine candidate against CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Libao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mengqi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuteng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
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Classical swine fever virus C-strain with eight mutation sites shows enhanced cell adaptation and protects pigs from lethal challenge. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1619-1628. [PMID: 30953201 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Control of classical swine fever (CSF) in developing countries is achieved by immunization with attenuated vaccines, such as the lapinized C-strain vaccine that has been widely used in China. However, C-strain has relatively low growth rate in cell cultures, thus affecting productivity of the vaccine for the industry. In this study, eight amino acid residues were mutated on the C-strain backbone, resulting in a cell-adapted strain Cmut8. The mutant strain exhibited rapid growth with titer of about 100 fold higher than its parental C-strain. The mutation sites located at structural proteins Erns and E2 contributed more to cell adaptation than those located in non-structural proteins. Sera collected from pigs inoculated with Cmut8 and C-strain at the same dose showed similar antibody levels and neutralization titers. Pigs inoculated with different doses of Cmut8 (low, medium and high) and with C-strain offered full protection against challenge with a virulent strain, shown as absence of fever and other symptoms, marginal low levels of viral load, and no obvious gross pathological changes in major organs. Unvaccinated control pigs challenged with the virulent strain showed high fever from day 2 post-challenge and apparent clinical symptoms with two deaths. Viral load were markedly elevated in these control pigs after challenge. The pigs inoculated with high dose of Cmut8 did not show fever or other typical CSF symptoms, and no apparent pathological changes were observed in major organs. Besides, the Cmut8 strain did not induce typical fever response in rabbits. These results demonstrate that the cell-adapted Cmut8 strain remains non-pathogenic to the weaned pigs, provides full protection and could be a good candidate vaccine strain for improved yield at lower cost.
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