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Liu Z, Wang R, Liu W, Liu Y, Feng X, Zhao F, Chen P, Shao L, Rong M. Recent advances in the application and biological mechanism of silicon nitride osteogenic properties: a review. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7003-7017. [PMID: 37718623 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nitride, an emerging bioceramic material, is highly sought after in the biomedical industry due to its osteogenesis-promoting properties, which are a result of its unique surface chemistry and excellent mechanical properties. Currently, it is used in clinics as an orthopedic implant material. The osteogenesis-promoting properties of silicon nitride are manifested in its contribution to the formation of a local osteogenic microenvironment, wherein silicon nitride and its hydrolysis products influence osteogenesis by modulating the biological behaviors of the constituents of the osteogenic microenvironment. In particular, silicon nitride regulates redox signaling, cellular autophagy, glycolysis, and bone mineralization in cells involved in bone formation via several mechanisms. Moreover, it may also promote osteogenesis by influencing immune regulation and angiogenesis. In addition, the wettability, surface morphology, and charge of silicon nitride play crucial roles in regulating its osteogenesis-promoting properties. However, as a bioceramic material, the molding process of silicon nitride needs to be optimized, and its osteogenic mechanism must be further investigated. Herein, we summarize the impact of the molding process of silicon nitride on its osteogenic properties and clinical applications. In addition, the mechanisms of silicon nitride in promoting osteogenesis are discussed, followed by a summary of the current gaps in silicon nitride mechanism research. This review, therefore, aims to provide novel ideas for the future development and applications of silicon nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Ruijie Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Yushan Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Fujian Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Pei Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Mingdeng Rong
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jiangnan Avenue 366, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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Nardi MV, Timpel M, Pasquardini L, Toccoli T, Scarpa M, Verucchi R. Controlled Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Silicon Nitride Surfaces through Supersonic Molecular Beam Deposition. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5390. [PMID: 37570093 PMCID: PMC10419894 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of inorganic surfaces by organic functional molecules is a viable and promising method towards the realization of novel classes of biosensing devices. The proper comprehension of the chemical properties of the interface, as well as of the number of active binding sites for bioreceptor molecules are characteristics that will determine the interaction of the sensor with the analyte, and thus its final efficiency. We present a new and reliable surface functionalization route based on supersonic molecular beam deposition (SuMBD) using 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid as a bi-functional molecular linker on the chemically inert silicon nitride surface to further allow for stable and homogeneous attachment of biomolecules. The kinetically activated binding of the molecular layer to silicon nitride and the growth as a function of deposition time was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the properties of films with different thicknesses were investigated by optical and vibrational spectroscopies. After subsequent attachment of a biological probe, fluorescence analysis was used to estimate the molecular layer's surface density. The successful functionalization of silicon nitride surface via SuMBD and the detailed growth and interface analysis paves the way for reliably attaching bioreceptor molecules onto the silicon nitride surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco V. Nardi
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR), Trento Unit c/o Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Melanie Timpel
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR), Trento Unit c/o Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (T.T.)
| | | | - Tullio Toccoli
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR), Trento Unit c/o Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Marina Scarpa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Nanoscience Laboratory, Via Sommarive, 14, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Roberto Verucchi
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM-CNR), Trento Unit c/o Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.T.); (T.T.)
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Snehota M, Kolarikova M, Vachutka J, Hosikova B, Balazova K, Dolezal L, Kolarova H. Newly Designed 3D-Printed Sonication Test Cell Optimized for In Vitro Sonication Experiments. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023:S0301-5629(23)00167-9. [PMID: 37330389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Precise control over the ultrasound field parameters experienced by biological samples during sonication experiments in vitro may be quite challenging. The main goal of this work was to outline an approach to construction of sonication test cells that would minimize the interaction between the test cells and ultrasound. METHODS Optimal dimensions of the test cell were determined through measurements conducted in a water sonication tank using 3D-printed test objects. The offset of local acoustic intensity variability inside the sonication test cell was set to value of ±50% of the reference value (i.e., local acoustic intensity measured at last axial maximum in the free-field condition). The cytotoxicity of several materials used for 3D printing was determined using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. RESULTS The sonication test cells were 3D printed from polylactic acid material, which was not toxic to the cells. Silicone membrane HT-6240, which was used to construct the bottom of the test cell, was found to reduce ultrasound energy minimally. Final ultrasound profiles inside the sonication test cells indicated the desired variability of local acoustic intensity. The cell viability in our sonication test cell was comparable to that of commercial culture plates with bottoms constructed with silicone membrane. CONCLUSION An approach to construction of sonication test cells minimizing the interaction of the test cell and ultrasound has been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Snehota
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Kolarikova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Vachutka
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hosikova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Klara Balazova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Dolezal
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolarova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Qiao X, Yang J, Shang Y, Deng S, Yao S, Wang Z, Guo Y, Peng C. Magnesium-doped Nanostructured Titanium Surface Modulates Macrophage-mediated Inflammatory Response for Ameliorative Osseointegration. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7185-7198. [PMID: 33061375 PMCID: PMC7532891 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s239550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Next generation of coating materials on the surface of implants is designed with a paradigm shift from an inert material to an osteoimmunomodulatory material. Regulating immune response to biomedical implants through influencing the polarization of macrophage has been proven to be an effective strategy. Methods Through anodization and hydrothermal treatment, magnesium ion incorporated TiO2 nanotube array (MgN) coating was fabricated on the surface of titanium and it is hypothesized that it has osteoimmunomodulatory properties. To verify this assumption, systematic studies were carried out by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results Mg ion release behavior results showed that MgN coating was successfully fabricated on the surface of titanium using anodization and hydrothermal technology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the morphology of the MgN coating on the titanium. The expression of inflammation-related genes (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) was downregulated in MgN group compared with TiO2 nanotube (NT) and blank Ti groups, but anti-inflammatory genes (IL-10 and IL-1ra) were remarkably upregulated in the MgN group. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that MgN coating influenced macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype compared with NT and blank-Ti groups, which enhanced osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells rBMSCs in conditioned media (CM) generated by macrophages. Conclusion MgN coating on the titanium endowed the surface with immune-regulatory features and exerted an advantageous effect on osteogenesis, thereby providing excellent strategies for the surface modification of biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Qiao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuli Shang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Deng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Yao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Electrochemical Behavior and Detection of Diclofenac at a Microporous Si3N4 Membrane Modified Water–1,6-dichlorohexane Interface System. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior when the liquid–liquid interface was modified by commercially available, microporous silicon nitride membrane, was achieved using cyclic voltammetry with tetramethyl ammonium. The transfer characteristics of the ionizable drug diclofenac ( DCF − ), as an anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, antipyretic, and analgesic treatment in common use in biomedical applications, were also investigated across microporous silicon nitride-modified liquid interface. Thus, some thermodynamic variables for DCF − , such as the standard Gibbs energy of transfer, the standard transfer potential and lipophilicity were estimated. Furthermore, the influence of possible interfering substances (ascorbic acid, sugar, amino acid, urea, and metal ions) on the detection of DCF − was investigated. An electrochemical DCF sensor is investigated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) as the quantification technique, a linear range of 8–56 µM and a limit of detection of 1.5 µM was possible due to the miniaturized interfaces formed within silicon nitride.
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Deng LJ, Wu YL, He XH, Xie KN, Xie L, Deng Y. Simvastatin delivery on PEEK for bioactivity and osteogenesis enhancements. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:2237-2251. [PMID: 30307376 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1534668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A strategy developed for obtaining positive cellular responses remains to be focused in the filed of functional biomimetics. In this study, a hydrogel covered simvastatin-loaded polyetheretherketone (PEEK) bio-composites was constructed with the purpose of bone tissue regeneration therapy. Briefly, a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure was fabricated on PEEK surface; then the substrate was functionalized with the poly(L-lactic acid)/simvastatin porous film and hyaluronic acid hydrogel subsequently. In vitro cell attachment, proliferation, and cytoskeletal observation experiments reveal that our scaffolds show better bio-affinity due to the layer of hyaluronic acid hydrogel compared with control. Furthermore, the alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium mineral deposition evaluation, and gene expression for osteogenic potential all exhibit that the superior osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts on our scaffolds. Therefore, our PEEK samples loaded with simvastatin and covered with hyaluronic acid hydrogel hold great potential in clinical applications for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Deng
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yan-Lin Wu
- b State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China College of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xian-Hua He
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Ke-Nan Xie
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Lu Xie
- b State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China College of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yi Deng
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China.,c Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China
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Fukuta M, Masuda Y, Inami W, Kawata Y. Label-free cellular structure imaging with 82 nm lateral resolution using an electron-beam excitation-assisted optical microscope. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:16487-16495. [PMID: 27464102 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.016487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present label-free and high spatial-resolution imaging for specific cellular structures using an electron-beam excitation-assisted optical microscope (EXA microscope). Images of the actin filament and mitochondria of stained HeLa cells, obtained by fluorescence and EXA microscopy, were compared to identify cellular structures. Based on these results, we demonstrated the feasibility of identifying label-free cellular structures at a spatial resolution of 82 nm. Using numerical analysis, we calculated the imaging depth region and determined the spot size of a cathodoluminescent (CL) light source to be 83 nm at the membrane surface.
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