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ElTaweel M, Said HS, Barwa R. Emergence of extensive drug resistance and high prevalence of multidrug resistance among clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates in Egypt. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:46. [PMID: 38790053 PMCID: PMC11127457 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen that has been held responsible for numerous nosocomial and community-acquired infections which are difficult to be controlled because of its diverse antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of P. mirabilis isolates collected from different clinical sources in Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt was determined. Moreover, the underlying resistance mechanisms and genetic relatedness between isolates were investigated. RESULTS Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated elevated levels of resistance to different classes of antimicrobials among the tested P. mirabilis clinical isolates (n = 66). ERIC-PCR showed great diversity among the tested isolates. Six isolates (9.1%) were XDR while all the remaining isolates were MDR. ESBLs and AmpCs were detected in 57.6% and 21.2% of the isolates, respectively, where blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaCIT-M and blaAmpC were detected. Carbapenemases and MBLs were detected in 10.6 and 9.1% of the isolates, respectively, where blaOXA-48 and blaNDM-1 genes were detected. Quinolone resistant isolates (75.8%) harbored acc(6')-Ib-cr, qnrD, qnrA, and qnrS genes. Resistance to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol exceeded 80%. Fosfomycin was the most active drug against the tested isolates as only 22.7% were resistant. Class I or II integrons were detected in 86.4% of the isolates. Among class I integron positive isolates, four different gene cassette arrays (dfrA17- aadA5, aadB-aadA2, aadA2-lnuF, and dfrA14-arr-3-blaOXA-10-aadA15) and two gene cassettes (dfrA7 and aadA1) were detected. While class II integron positive isolates carried four different gene cassette arrays (dfrA1-sat1-aadA1, estXVr-sat2-aadA1, lnuF- dfrA1-aadA1, and dfrA1-sat2). CONCLUSION P. Mirabilis ability to acquire resistance determinants via integrons may be held responsible for the elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of XDR or even PDR strains limiting the available therapeutic options for management of infections caused by those strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggi ElTaweel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Heba Shehta Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Barwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Saikia S, Gogoi I, Oloo A, Sharma M, Puzari M, Chetia P. Co-production of metallo-β-lactamase and OXA-type β-lactamases in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in North East India. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:167. [PMID: 38630176 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii poses a significant threat to public health globally, especially due to its ability to produce multiple carbapenemases, leading to treatment challenges. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates collected from different clinical settings in North East India, focusing on their genotypic and phenotypic resistance profiles. A total of 172 multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates were collected and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Various phenotypic tests were performed to detect extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), class C AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC), and carbapenem hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase (CHDL) production among the isolates. Overexpression of carbapenemase and cephalosporinase genes was detected among the isolates through both phenotypic and genotypic investigation. The antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates revealed that all were multidrug-resistant; 25% were extensively drug-resistant, 9.30% were pan-drug-resistant, whereas 91.27% were resistant to carbapenems. In the genotypic investigation, 80.81% of isolates were reported harbouring at least one metallo-β-lactamase encoding gene, with blaNDM being the most prevalent at 70.34%, followed by blaIMP at 51.16% of isolates. Regarding class D carbapenemases, blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes were detected in all the tested isolates, while blaOXA-24, blaOXA-48, and blaOXA-58 were found in 15.11%, 6.97%, and 1.74% isolates respectively. Further analysis showed that 31.97% of isolates co-harboured ESBL, MBL, AmpC, and CHDL genes, while 31.39% of isolates co-harboured ESBL, MBL, and CHDL genes with or without ISAba1 leading to extensively drug-resistant or pan drug-resistant phenotypes. This study highlights the complex genetic profile and antimicrobial-resistant pattern of the isolates circulating in North East India, emphasizing the urgent need for effective infection control measures and the development of alternative treatment strategies to combat these challenging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamalima Saikia
- Molecular Plant Taxonomy and Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Indrani Gogoi
- Molecular Plant Taxonomy and Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Amos Oloo
- Molecular Plant Taxonomy and Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Mohan Sharma
- Integrated Molecular Diagnostic and Research Laboratory (BSL-2), District Hospital Tuensang, Tuensang, Nagaland, 798612, India
| | - Minakshi Puzari
- Molecular Plant Taxonomy and Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India
| | - Pankaj Chetia
- Molecular Plant Taxonomy and Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India.
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Sánchez-Urtaza S, Ocampo-Sosa A, Molins-Bengoetxea A, Rodríguez-Grande J, El-Kholy MA, Hernandez M, Abad D, Shawky SM, Alkorta I, Gallego L. Co-Existence of blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-64, blaPER-7 and blaADC-57 in a Clinical Isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii from Alexandria, Egypt. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12515. [PMID: 37569889 PMCID: PMC10419532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance among carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in the Middle East and North Africa are one of the major concerns for healthcare settings. We characterised the first A. baumannii isolate harbouring five β-lactamases identified in Egypt. The isolate Ale25 was obtained from an ICU patient of a hospital from Alexandria. The isolate was phenotypically and genotypically screened for carbapenemase genes. The isolate was resistant to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and cefiderocol. Whole-Genome Sequencing identified five β-lactamase genes, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-64, blaPER-7 and blaADC-57, together with other antibiotic resistance genes, conferring resistance to sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, rifamycin and chloramphenicol. Virulome analysis showed the presence of genes involved in adhesion and biofilm production, type II and VI secretion systems, exotoxins, etc. Multi-Locus Sequence Typing analysis identified the isolate as Sequence Types 113Pas and 2246Oxf, belonging to International Clone 7. Sequencing experiments revealed the presence of four plasmids of 2.7, 22.3, 70.4 and 240.8 Kb. All the β-lactamase genes were located in the chromosome, except the blaPER-7, gene which was found within the plasmid of 240.8 Kb. This study highlights the threat of the emergence and dissemination of these types of isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sánchez-Urtaza
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (S.S.-U.); (A.M.-B.)
| | - Alain Ocampo-Sosa
- Microbiology Service, Health Research Institute (IDIVAL), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Molins-Bengoetxea
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (S.S.-U.); (A.M.-B.)
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Grande
- Microbiology Service, Health Research Institute (IDIVAL), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Mohammed A. El-Kholy
- Division of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alexandria P.O. Box 1029, Egypt;
| | - Marta Hernandez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, One Health, Agrarian Technological Institute of Castile and Leon (ITACyL), 47009 Valladolid, Spain; (M.H.); (D.A.)
| | - David Abad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, One Health, Agrarian Technological Institute of Castile and Leon (ITACyL), 47009 Valladolid, Spain; (M.H.); (D.A.)
| | - Sherine M. Shawky
- Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5422031, Egypt;
| | - Itziar Alkorta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Lucia Gallego
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (S.S.-U.); (A.M.-B.)
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Sánchez-Urtaza S, Ocampo-Sosa A, Molins-Bengoetxea A, El-Kholy MA, Hernandez M, Abad D, Shawky SM, Alkorta I, Gallego L. Molecular characterization of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Alexandria, Egypt. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1208046. [PMID: 37545857 PMCID: PMC10399577 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1208046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is a major global concern, especially in countries of the Middle East and North Africa, where the antibiotic resistance rates are on the rise. The aim of this study was to study the genomic characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of thirty-six multidrug resistant A. baumannii clinical isolates obtained in hospitals from Alexandria, Egypt. Antibiotic resistance rates were estimated by determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations. Carbapenemase genes, other antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors were then screened by the use of Whole Genome Sequencing. Isolates were also subjected to Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) using the Pasteur Scheme and to core genome MLST to study their clonal relatedness. In addition, plasmid analysis was performed by the use of a commercial kit and S1- Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis, and Hybridization experiments with DIG-labeled DNA probes for bla NDM-1, blaPER-7 and bla GES-like were performed to locate these genes. The majority of isolates were resistant to β-lactams (including carbapenems), fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and trimethoprim; and some showed resistance to cefiderocol and minocycline. We identified 8 different bla OXA-51-like variants including bla OXA-51, bla OXA-64, bla OXA-65, bla OXA-66, bla OXA-68, bla OXA-91, bla OXA-94 and bla OXA-336; bla OXA-23, bla NDM-1, bla PER-7, bla GES-like and bla ADC-like and other antibiotic resistance genes, some of these genes were within transposons or class 1 integrons. Multiple virulence factors responsible for adherence, biofilm production, type II and type VI secretion systems, exotoxins, exoenzymes, immune modulation and iron uptake were observed and 34 out of 36 isolates showed motility. Thirty-five out of 36 isolates clustered with International Clones 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9; and 9 STs were identified including ST570, ST2, ST600, ST15, ST113, ST613, ST85, ST158, ST164. Plasmids ranging in size from 1.7 to 70 kb were found; bla NDM-1 and blaPER-7 genes were located in the chromosome and bla GES-like genes were simultaneously located in the chromosome and in a plasmid of 70kb. In conclusion, this study revealed a wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance genes and a variety of lineages among A. baumannii isolated in hospitals from Alexandria, and highlights the importance of investigating the molecular epidemiology to control the spread of multi-drug resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sánchez-Urtaza
- Laboratory of Antibiotics and Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alain Ocampo-Sosa
- Microbiology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla), Santander, Spain and CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Molins-Bengoetxea
- Laboratory of Antibiotics and Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Mohammed A. El-Kholy
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Division of Clinical and Biological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marta Hernandez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, One Health, Agricultural Technological, Institute of Castile and Leon (ITACyL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Abad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, One Health, Agricultural Technological, Institute of Castile and Leon (ITACyL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sherine M. Shawky
- Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Itziar Alkorta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lucia Gallego
- Laboratory of Antibiotics and Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
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Wu HJ, Xiao ZG, Lv XJ, Huang HT, Liao C, Hui CY, Xu Y, Li HF. Drug‑resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: From molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutics (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:209. [PMID: 37090073 PMCID: PMC10119666 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial drug resistance is increasingly becoming an important problem that needs to be solved urgently in modern clinical practices. Infection caused by Acinetobacter baumannii is a serious threat to the life and health of patients. The drug resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii strains is increasing, thus research on the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii has also seen an increase. When patients are infected with drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, the availability of suitable antibiotics commonly used in clinical practices is becoming increasingly limited and the prognosis of patients is worsening. Studying the molecular mechanism of the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii is fundamental to solving the problem of drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and potentially other 'super bacteria'. Drug resistance mechanisms primarily include enzymes, membrane proteins, efflux pumps and beneficial mutations. Research on the underlying mechanisms provides a theoretical basis for the use and development of antibiotics and the development of novel treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jia Wu
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Juan Lv
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Key Laboratory of The Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
- Department of Infection, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Tang Huang
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Key Laboratory of The Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
- Department of Infection, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Chu Liao
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Key Laboratory of The Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
- Department of Infection, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Yang Hui
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Key Laboratory of The Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
- Department of Infection, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Heng-Fei Li
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Key Laboratory of The Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
- Department of Infection, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Heng-Fei Li, Department of Hepatology, Hubei Key Laboratory of The Theory and Application Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Room 4, Garden Hill, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
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Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Infections in the United Kingdom versus Egypt: Trends and Potential Natural Products Solutions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010077. [PMID: 36671278 PMCID: PMC9854726 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a problematic pathogen of global concern. It causes multiple types of infection, especially among immunocompromised individuals in intensive care units. One of the most serious concerns related to this pathogen is its ability to become resistant to almost all the available antibiotics used in clinical practice. Moreover, it has a great tendency to spread this resistance at a very high rate, crossing borders and affecting healthcare settings across multiple economic levels. In this review, we trace back the reported incidences in the PubMed and the Web of Science databases of A. baumannii infections in both the United Kingdom and Egypt as two representative examples for countries of two different economic levels: high and low-middle income countries. Additionally, we compare the efforts made by researchers from both countries to find solutions to the lack of available treatments by looking into natural products reservoirs. A total of 113 studies reporting infection incidence were included, with most of them being conducted in Egypt, especially the recent ones. On the one hand, this pathogen was detected in the UK many years before it was reported in Egypt; on the other hand, the contribution of Egyptian researchers to identifying a solution using natural products is more notable than that of researchers in the UK. Tracing the prevalence of A. baumannii infections over the years showed that the infections are on the rise, especially in Egypt vs. the UK. Further concerns are linked to the spread of antibiotic resistance among the isolates collected from Egypt reaching very alarming levels. Studies conducted in the UK showed earlier inclusion of high-throughput technologies in the tracking and detection of A. baumannii and its resistance than those conducted in Egypt. Possible explanations for these variations are analyzed and discussed.
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Kadham ZAALK. Detection of gyrA and parC Genes in Clinical Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolates. AL-MUSTANSIRIYAH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2022; 33:57-62. [DOI: 10.23851/mjs.v33i4.1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
100 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were collected from different clinical sources including (blood, sputum and burns) from hospitals in Baghdad - Iraq. In order to investigate its resistance to fluoroquinolones. MIC assay for ciprofloxacin was performed using E-test, and PCR assay for gry A and parC genes. The results of the MIC showed that A. baumannii was sensitive to ciprofloxacin at concentration=<4 μg/ml. As for the PCR assay, the prevalence of gyr A gene in 40 of the isolates was 40%, while the par C gene in 16 of the isolates was 16%. This research shed light on the rapid spread of fluoroquinolone resistance that included both ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin among A.baumannii bacteria isolated from clinical sources.
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Chen X, Zhang E, Abdulai MK, Tia AB, Ngegba ED, Yin J, Xu S, Wang L, Dong X, Harding D, Kan B, Kan B, Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Freetown, Sierra Leone and Beijing Municipality, China, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Municipality, China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China, Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Among Patients with Diarrhea - Freetown, Sierra Leone, 2018. China CDC Wkly 2022; 4:1093-1096. [PMID: 36751663 PMCID: PMC9889225 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a serious public health threat worldwide. However, the AR and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) data from West Africa, especially from Sierra Leone, are limited. What is added by this report? The study revealed ARGs' common dissemination, and multiplex antibiotic resistance genes in one sample. Genes bla NDM and bla OXA -48-like were first discovered in Sierra Leone. What are the implications for public health practice? Basic information is provided for AR research and surveillance and highlights that effective AR surveillance among diarrhea patients is necessary for Sierra Leone and West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China,Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Freetown, Sierra Leone and Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Enmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China,Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Freetown, Sierra Leone and Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Michael K Abdulai
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Freetown, Sierra Leone and Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Alie Brima Tia
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Freetown, Sierra Leone and Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Esther Debora Ngegba
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Freetown, Sierra Leone and Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Jianhai Yin
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Freetown, Sierra Leone and Beijing Municipality, China,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Municipality, China
| | - Songtao Xu
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Freetown, Sierra Leone and Beijing Municipality, China,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China,Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China,Biao Kan,
| | - Doris Harding
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone,Doris Harding,
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Municipality, China,Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Freetown, Sierra Leone and Beijing Municipality, China,Xiaoping Dong,
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Characterization of virulence determinants and phylogenetic background of multiple and extensively drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from different clinical sources in Egypt. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1279-1298. [PMID: 35050388 PMCID: PMC8816750 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Escherichia coli is a multifaceted microbe since some are commensals, normally inhabiting the gut of both humans and animals while others are pathogenic responsible for a wide range of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. It is one of the leading causes of septicemia, neonatal meningitis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), cystitis, pyelonephritis, and traveler’s diarrhea. The present study aims to survey the distribution and unravel the association of phylotypes, virulence determinants, and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolated from different clinical sources in Mansoura hospitals, Egypt. One hundred and fifty E. coli isolates were collected from different clinical sources. Antimicrobial resistance profile, virulence determinants, and virulence encoding genes were detected. Moreover, phylogenetic and molecular typing using ERIC-PCR analysis was performed. Our results have revealed that phylogroup B2 (26.67%) with the greatest content in virulence traits was the most prevalent phylogenetic group. Different virulence profiles and varying incidence of virulence determinants were detected among tested isolates. High rates of resistance to different categories of antimicrobial agents, dramatic increase of MDR (92.67%), and emergence of XDR (4%) were detected. ERIC-PCR analysis revealed great diversity among tested isolates. There was no clustering of isolates according to resistance, virulence patterns, or phylotypes. Our research has demonstrated significant phylogenetic diversity of E. coli isolated from different clinical sources in Mansoura hospitals, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. E. coli isolates are equipped with various virulence factors which contribute to their pathogenesis in human. The elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of MDR and XDR mirror the trend detected globally in recent years. Key points • Clinical E. coli isolates exhibited substantial molecular and phylogenetic diversity. • Elevated rates of antimicrobial resistance and emergence of XDR in pathogenic E. coli. • B2 Phylogroup with the highest VS was the most prevalent among pathogenic E. coli. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11740-x.
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Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana from foods, patients, and environments in China during 2007–2016. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hagag YA, Said HS, Kenawy HI, Hassan R. A novel pentavalent vaccine candidate completely protects against Acinetobacter baumannii in a mouse model of peritonitis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:8151-8167. [PMID: 36401642 PMCID: PMC9676856 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is considered as one of the most virulent and infectious organisms that have an increased ability to both evade host immune response and resist various classes of antibiotics, leading to life-threatening infections. Multiple virulence factors have been implicated in the high prevalence rate of A. baumannii in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. Moreover, improper use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of extensive drug-resistant strains that urgently require alternative strategies to control this superbug. Unfortunately, the availability of a licensed vaccine against A. baumannii infections is still challenged by the vast diversity among A. baumannii strains. Here, we report the development of a novel pentavalent vaccine candidate composed of two recombinant proteins (Wza and YiaD) and a pool of capsular polysaccharides isolated from 3 clinical isolates. We tested this new vaccine in vivo in a mouse model of peritonitis against the standard strain ATCC 19606 in addition to 3 clinical isolates of A. baumannii. Immunization with this vaccine completely protected the challenged mice with 100% survival rate in the case of all the tested bacteria. Further clinical studies are urgently needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this proprietary vaccine to protect patients from A. baumannii lethal infections. KEY POINTS: • Recombinant proteins pool (Wza and YiaD) immunization led to a synergistic immune response. • Capsular polysaccharides pool induced up to 90% protection of tested clinical isolates. • The pentavalent pool showed superiority with 100% survival of immunized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna A. Hagag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Heba Shehta Said
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Hany I. Kenawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Ramadan Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
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Abozahra R, Abdelhamid SM, Elsheredy AG, Abdulwahab KE, Baraka K. Genotyping and Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from Intensive Care Unit Patients. MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2021; 49:239-248. [DOI: 10.48022/mbl.2008.08012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Castro-Jaimes S, Bello-López E, Velázquez-Acosta C, Volkow-Fernández P, Lozano-Zarain P, Castillo-Ramírez S, Cevallos MA. Chromosome Architecture and Gene Content of the Emergent Pathogen Acinetobacter haemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:926. [PMID: 32670207 PMCID: PMC7326120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter haemolyticus is a Gammaproteobacterium that has been involved in serious diseases frequently linked to the nosocomial environment. Most of the strains causing such infections are sensitive to a wide variety of antibiotics, but recent reports indicate that this pathogen is acquiring very efficiently carbapenem-resistance determinants like the blaNDM-1 gene, all over the world. With this work we contribute with a collection set of 31 newly sequenced nosocomial A. haemolyticus isolates. Genome analysis of these sequences and others collected from RefSeq indicates that their chromosomes are organized in 12 syntenic blocks that contain most of the core genome genes. These blocks are separated by hypervariable regions that are rich in unique gene families, but also have signals of horizontal gene transfer. Genes involved in virulence or encoding different secretion systems are located inside syntenic regions and have recombination signals. The relative order of the synthetic blocks along the A. haemolyticus chromosome can change, indicating that they have been subject to several kinds of inversions. Genomes of this microorganism show large differences in gene content even if they are in the same clade. Here we also show that A. haemolyticus has an open pan-genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiramis Castro-Jaimes
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Elena Bello-López
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Posgrado en Microbiología, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | | | - Patricia Lozano-Zarain
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Posgrado en Microbiología, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Santiago Castillo-Ramírez
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Cevallos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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