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Zhao L, Liu J, Wang J, Duan X, Hui S. Key secondary metabolite markers for Wuchang Daohuaxiang rice discrimination in China. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112943. [PMID: 37254367 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively elucidate the vital secondary metabolites of Wuchang Daohuaxiang (DHX) rice through widely targeted metabolomics analysis. Among the secondary metabolites detected, a total of 30 differential ones were screened out and categorized into 4 different classes, including 6 alkaloids (20%), 15 flavonoids (50%), 6 phenolic acids (20%), and 3 terpenoids (10%) between DHX and control groups. Of these, compounds as zarzissine, fagomine, arbutin, p-Hydroxypheny-β-D-allopyranoside, pimaric acid, kaurenoic acid, and isopimaric acid were more abundant in DHX than control group, with the possibility in serve as key secondary metabolites of DHX rice. Furthermore, arbutin, trigonelline and 6'-O-Feruloyl-D-sucrose were optimized as potential biomarkers for DHX rice discrimination. This study would supply data support for DHX rice authenticity and quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhao
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China.
| | - Jianlei Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Duan
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China.
| | - Sun Hui
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China.
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Shen W, Zhang X, Liu J, Tao K, Li C, Xiao S, Zhang W, Li J. Plant elicitor peptide signalling confers rice resistance to piercing-sucking insect herbivores and pathogens. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:991-1005. [PMID: 35068048 PMCID: PMC9055822 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a staple food crop worldwide, and its production is severely threatened by phloem-feeding insect herbivores, particularly the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), and destructive pathogens. Despite the identification of many BPH resistance genes, the molecular basis of rice resistance to BPH remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the plant elicitor peptide (Pep) signalling confers rice resistance to BPH. Both rice PEP RECEPTORs (PEPRs) and PRECURSORs of PEP (PROPEPs), particularly OsPROPEP3, were transcriptionally induced in leaf sheaths upon BPH infestation. Knockout of OsPEPRs impaired rice resistance to BPH, whereas exogenous application of OsPep3 improved the resistance. Hormone measurement and co-profiling of transcriptomics and metabolomics in OsPep3-treated rice leaf sheaths suggested potential contributions of jasmonic acid biosynthesis, lipid metabolism and phenylpropanoid metabolism to OsPep3-induced rice immunity. Moreover, OsPep3 elicitation also strengthened rice resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and bacterial pathogen Xanthamonas oryzae pv. oryzae and provoked immune responses in wheat. Collectively, this work demonstrates a previously unappreciated importance of the Pep signalling in plants for combating piercing-sucking insect herbivores and promises exogenous application of OsPep3 as an eco-friendly immune stimulator in agriculture for crop protection against a broad spectrum of insect pests and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jiuer Liu
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Kehan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Chong Li
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jian‐Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of BiocontrolGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Gao HY, Liu Y, Tan FF, Zhu LW, Jia KZ, Tang YJ. Advances and Challenges in Enzymatic C-glycosylation of Flavonoids in Plants. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1466-1479. [PMID: 35466866 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220422085128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid glycosides play required determinant roles in plants and have considerable potential for applications in medicine and biotechnology. Glycosyltransferases transfer a sugar moiety from uridine diphosphate-activated sugar molecules to an acceptor flavonoid via C-O and C-C linkages. Compared with O-glycosylflavonoids, C-glycosylflavonoids are more stable, are resistant to glycosidase or acid hydrolysis, exhibit better pharmacological properties, and have received more attention. Herein, we discuss the mining of C-glycosylflavones and the corresponding C-glycosyltransferases and evaluate the differences in structure and catalytic mechanisms between C-glycosyltransferase and O-glycosyltransferase. We conclude that promiscuity and specificity are key determinants for general flavonoid C-glycosyltransferase engineering and summarize the C-glycosyltransferase engineering strategy. A thorough understanding of the properties, catalytic mechanisms, and engineering of C-glycosyltransferases will be critical for any future biotechnological applications in areas such as the production of desired C-glycosylflavonoids for nutritional or medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yao Gao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Fei-Fan Tan
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Li-Wen Zhu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Kai-Zhi Jia
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Uawisetwathana U, Jamboonsri W, Bamrungthai J, Jitthiang P, Nookaew I, Karoonuthaisiri N. Metabolite profiles of brown planthopper-susceptible and resistant rice (Oryza sativa) varieties associated with infestation and mechanical stimuli. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 194:113044. [PMID: 34864385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding brown planthopper (BPH) resistance mechanism will expedite selective breeding of better BPH resistant lines of rice (Oryza sativa). Metabolic responses during BPH infestation derived from wound stress imposed by insect feeding, comparing with mechanical piercing will provide an insight into resistance mechanism in rice. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the metabolic responses of needle piercing treatment and BPH feeding treatment in BPH-susceptible (KD) and BPH-resistant (RH) varieties at four different time points (0, 6, 24 and 96 h) using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Phenotypes of RH were not different among the treatments, whereas KD exhibited hopperburn symptom at 96 h post-BPH infestation. Principal component and cluster analyses revealed that metabolite profiles between KD and RH were different in response to both insect and mechanical stimuli. Metabolite profiles of RH under BPH and mechanical treatments at 24 and 96 h were different from the untreated, whereas metabolite profiles of KD after BPH infestation at 24 and 96 h were distinct from needle piercing and no treatment, suggesting that the resistant variety has an ability to adapt and defend both mechanical and insect stimuli. Metabolomics result showed that BPH infestation perturbed purine salvage biosynthesis (e.g., inosine, hypoxanthine) in both varieties, amino acid biosynthesis (e.g., phenylalanine, tryptophan) in KD, while the infestation perturbed lysine metabolism (pipecolic acid) and phenylpropanoid pathway (2-anisic acid) only in RH. BPH and mechanical stimuli perturbed phenylamide only in RH, but not in KD. These findings revealed that different rice varieties utilize different metabolites in response to insect and mechanical stimuli, resulting in different degrees of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umaporn Uawisetwathana
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Watchareewan Jamboonsri
- Innovative Plant Biotechnology and Precision Agriculture Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Jakrin Bamrungthai
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Prapatsorn Jitthiang
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- College of Medicine, Department Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast, Biological Sciences Building, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, United Kingdom
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Vo KTX, Rahman MM, Rahman MM, Trinh KTT, Kim ST, Jeon JS. Proteomics and Metabolomics Studies on the Biotic Stress Responses of Rice: an Update. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:30. [PMID: 33721115 PMCID: PMC7960847 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biotic stresses represent a serious threat to rice production to meet global food demand and thus pose a major challenge for scientists, who need to understand the intricate defense mechanisms. Proteomics and metabolomics studies have found global changes in proteins and metabolites during defense responses of rice exposed to biotic stressors, and also reported the production of specific secondary metabolites (SMs) in some cultivars that may vary depending on the type of biotic stress and the time at which the stress is imposed. The most common changes were seen in photosynthesis which is modified differently by rice plants to conserve energy, disrupt food supply for biotic stress agent, and initiate defense mechanisms or by biotic stressors to facilitate invasion and acquire nutrients, depending on their feeding style. Studies also provide evidence for the correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and photorespiration and photosynthesis which can broaden our understanding on the balance of ROS production and scavenging in rice-pathogen interaction. Variation in the generation of phytohormones is also a key response exploited by rice and pathogens for their own benefit. Proteomics and metabolomics studies in resistant and susceptible rice cultivars upon pathogen attack have helped to identify the proteins and metabolites related to specific defense mechanisms, where choosing of an appropriate method to identify characterized or novel proteins and metabolites is essential, considering the outcomes of host-pathogen interactions. Despites the limitation in identifying the whole repertoire of responsive metabolites, some studies have shed light on functions of resistant-specific SMs. Lastly, we illustrate the potent metabolites responsible for resistance to different biotic stressors to provide valuable targets for further investigation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieu Thi Xuan Vo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
| | - Md Mizanor Rahman
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
| | - Md Mustafizur Rahman
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
| | - Kieu Thi Thuy Trinh
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 South Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 South Korea
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Elevated temperatures diminish the effects of a highly resistant rice variety on the brown planthopper. Sci Rep 2021; 11:262. [PMID: 33420350 PMCID: PMC7794346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares the effects of temperature (constant at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) on adult longevity, oviposition, and nymph development of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, on susceptible and resistant rice varieties. The resistant variety contained the BPH32 gene. In our experiments, nymphs failed to develop to adults at 15, 20 and 35 °C on either variety. Host resistance had its greatest effect in reducing adult survival at 20–25 °C and its greatest effect in reducing nymph weight gain at 25 °C. This corresponded with optimal temperatures for adult survival (20–25 °C) and nymph development (25–30 °C). At 25 and 30 °C, adult females achieved up to three oviposition cycles on the susceptible variety, but only one cycle on the resistant variety. Maximum egg-laying occurred at 30 °C due to larger numbers of egg batches produced during the first oviposition cycle on both the susceptible and resistant varieties, and larger batches during the second and third oviposition cycles on the susceptible variety; however, resistance had its greatest effect in reducing fecundity at 25 °C. This revealed a mismatch between the optimal temperatures for resistance and for egg production in immigrating females. Increasing global temperatures could reduce the effectiveness of anti-herbivore resistance in rice and other crops where such mismatches occur.
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Dissection of the general two-step di- C-glycosylation pathway for the biosynthesis of (iso)schaftosides in higher plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30816-30823. [PMID: 33199630 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012745117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schaftoside and isoschaftoside are bioactive natural products widely distributed in higher plants including cereal crops and medicinal herbs. Their biosynthesis may be related with plant defense. However, little is known on the glycosylation biosynthetic pathway of these flavonoid di-C-glycosides with different sugar residues. Herein, we report that the biosynthesis of (iso)schaftosides is sequentially catalyzed by two C-glycosyltransferases (CGTs), i.e., CGTa for C-glucosylation of the 2-hydroxyflavanone aglycone and CGTb for C-arabinosylation of the mono-C-glucoside. The two enzymes of the same plant exhibit high homology but remarkably different sugar acceptor and donor selectivities. A total of 14 CGTa and CGTb enzymes were cloned and characterized from seven dicot and monocot plants, including Scutellaria baicalensis, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Oryza sativa ssp. japonica, and Zea mays, and the in vivo functions for three enzymes were verified by RNA interference and overexpression. Through transcriptome analysis, we found homologous genes in 119 other plants, indicating this pathway is general for the biosynthesis of (iso)schaftosides. Furthermore, we resolved the crystal structures of five CGTs and realized the functional switch of SbCGTb to SbCGTa by structural analysis and mutagenesis of key amino acids. The CGT enzymes discovered in this paper allow efficient synthesis of (iso)schaftosides, and the general glycosylation pathway presents a platform to study the chemical defense mechanisms of higher plants.
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