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Singh D, Sharma D, Sharma PK, Jhalani A, Sharma DK. Characterization of homogenous acid catalyzed biodiesel production from palm oil: experimental investigation and numerical simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34481-34502. [PMID: 36515877 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is a biological renewable source produced from the conversion of triglycerides to alkyl esters. Palm oil is one of the most used lipid feedstocks for biodiesel production. It becomes necessary to optimize the transesterification reaction parameters to reduce the cost and enhance the quality of biodiesel. This study focuses on the use of homogenous sulfuric acid as a catalyst for the transesterification of palm fatty acids to methyl esters in a batch-scale reactor. A novel examination of transesterification reaction input parameters using the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution optimization technique and the effect of these parameters on yield, viscosity, and density of palm biodiesel using 3D surface graphs is investigated in this research. The present optimization approach is implemented to find out the optimum ranking of biodiesel production. From the experimental and numerical simulation, optimum results were observed at the catalyst concentration of 6% (w/w), reaction temperature of 70 °C, the reaction time of 120 min, and alcohol to oil molar ratio of 30:1 at which yield of 95.35%, viscosity of 5.0 cSt, and density of 880 kg/m3 of palm biodiesel were obtained. The different physicochemical properties of produced palm methyl esters are obtained within standards set by international authorities. Selected optimized process parameters can be used for commercial-scale biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digambar Singh
- Department of Basic Science and Engineering, College of Technology and Agriculture Engineering, Agriculture University Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342304, India.
| | - Dilip Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Jhalani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Swami Keshwanand Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Swami Keshwanand Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Mohanty SS, Jena HM. Biodegradation of Herbicide by the Immobilized Microbial Consortium SMC1 in Continuous Packed-Bed Biofilm Reactor. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.721923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the treatment of butachlor and other commonly used herbicides by the synthetically formulated microbial consortium SMC1 immobilized on the ceramic raschig rings in a packed-bed bioreactor (PBBR). The PBBR was operated in continuous mode at various flow rates over a period of 70 days to determine the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and initial butachlor concentration on the removal efficiency and elimination capability of the bioreactor. It was observed that the overall operation of the bioreactor changes from being controlled by the mass transfer limitations to the controlled bio-reaction , thus proposing the range of 270–325 mg/L/d to be the optimum operating range for the efficient removal of butachlor by the PBBR. The bioreactor can reduce up to 90% of the initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) value while treating the mixture of herbicides. The operating parameters were optimized using response surface methodology where the feed flow rate of 2.9 ml/min, initial herbicide concentration of 454.63 mg/L, and concentration of an additional nitrogen source at 1.41 g/L was found to yield maximal COD reduction. To date, a continuous study in the field of butachlor biodegradation is yet to be reported. Hence, the study could be used as a model to design a better herbicide biotreatment technology.
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Rhizopus oryzae Lipase, a Promising Industrial Enzyme: Biochemical Characteristics, Production and Biocatalytic Applications. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipases are biocatalysts with a significant potential to enable a shift from current pollutant manufacturing processes to environmentally sustainable approaches. The main reason of this prospect is their catalytic versatility as they carry out several industrially relevant reactions as hydrolysis of fats in water/lipid interface and synthesis reactions in solvent-free or non-aqueous media such as transesterification, interesterification and esterification. Because of the outstanding traits of Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL), 1,3-specificity, high enantioselectivity and stability in organic media, its application in energy, food and pharmaceutical industrial sector has been widely studied. Significant advances have been made in the biochemical characterisation of ROL particularly in how its activity and stability are affected by the presence of its prosequence. In addition, native and heterologous production of ROL, the latter in cell factories like Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris), have been thoroughly described. Therefore, in this review, we summarise the current knowledge about R. oryzae lipase (i) biochemical characteristics, (ii) production strategies and (iii) potential industrial applications.
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Gupta J, Agarwal M, Dalai A. An overview on the recent advancements of sustainable heterogeneous catalysts and prominent continuous reactor for biodiesel production. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Poppe JK, Matte CR, de Freitas VO, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC, Záchia Ayub MA. Enzymatic synthesis of ethyl esters from waste oil using mixtures of lipases in a plug-flow packed-bed continuous reactor. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:952-959. [PMID: 29708648 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the continuous synthesis of ethyl esters via enzymatic catalysis on a packed-bed continuous reactor, using mixtures of immobilized lipases (combi-lipases) of Candida antarctica (CALB), Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), and Rhizomucor miehei (RML). The influence of the addition of glass beads to the reactor bed, evaluation of the use of different solvents, and flow rate on reaction conditions was studied. All experiments were conducted using the best combination of lipases according to the fatty acid composition of the waste oil (combi-lipase composition: 40% of TLL, 35% of CALB, and 25% of RML) and soybean oil (combi-lipase composition: 22.5% of TLL, 50% of CALB, and 27.5% of RML). The best general reaction conditions were found to be using tert-butanol as solvent, and the flow rate of 0.08 mL min-1 . The combi-lipase reactors operating at steady state for over 30 days (720 h), kept conversion yields of ∼50%, with average productivity of 1.94 gethyl estersgsubstrate-1 h-1 , regardless of the type of oil in use. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:952-959, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakeline Kathiele Poppe
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group; Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Carla Roberta Matte
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group; Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Vitória Olave de Freitas
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group; Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | | | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group; Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group; Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, PO Box 15090, ZC 91501-970; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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Arumugam A, Ponnusami V. Production of biodiesel by enzymatic transesterification of waste sardine oil and evaluation of its engine performance. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00486. [PMID: 29322108 PMCID: PMC5753807 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Waste sardine oil, a byproduct of fish industry, was employed as a low cost feedstock for biodiesel production. It has relatively high free fatty acid (FFA) content (32 mg KOH/g of oil). Lipase enzyme immobilized on activated carbon was used as the catalyst for the transesterification reaction. Process variables viz. reaction temperature, water content and oil to methanol molar ratio were optimized. Optimum methanol to oil molar ratio, water content and temperature were found to be 9:1, 10 v/v% and 30 °C respectively. Reusability of immobilized lipase was studied and it was found after 5 cycles of reuse there was about 13% drop in FAME yield. Engine performance of the produced biodiesel was studied in a Variable Compression Engine and the results confirm that waste sardine oil is a potential alternate and low-cost feedstock for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arumugam
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - V Ponnusami
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
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Syed MB. Analysis of biodiesel by high performance liquid chromatography using refractive index detector. MethodsX 2017; 4:256-259. [PMID: 28794997 PMCID: PMC5547239 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the determination of compounds occurring during the production of biodiesel from karanja and jatropha oil. Methanol was used for fast monitoring of conversion of karanja and jatropha oil triacylglycerols to fatty acid methyl esters and for quantitation of residual triacylglycerols (TGs), in the final biodiesel product. The individual sample compounds were identified using HPLC. Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES) in blends of biodiesel by HPLC using a refractive index and a UV detector at 238 nm. Individual triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and methyl esters of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids and free fatty acids were separated within 40 min. Hence HPLC was found to be best for the analysis of biodiesel. Analysis of biodiesel by HPLC using RID detector. Estimation of amount of FAMES in biodiesel. Individual triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and methyl esters of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids and free fatty acids were separated within 40 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Basha Syed
- Biochemistry Lab, P.M. Sayeed Calicut University Centre, Androth, U.T. of Lakshadweep, 682551, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
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