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Singh SK, Maiti A, Pandey A, Jain N, Sharma C. Fouling limitations of osmotic pressure‐driven processes and its remedial strategies: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Singh
- Department of Paper Technology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur India
| | - Abhijit Maiti
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur India
| | - Aaditya Pandey
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur India
| | - Nishant Jain
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur India
| | - Chhaya Sharma
- Department of Paper Technology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur India
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Bellinetto E, Ciapponi R, Contino M, Marano C, Turri S. Microalgal biomass as renewable biofiller in natural rubber compounds. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMicroalgal biomasses, consisting of micronized Spirulina Platensis and its low protein fraction, were investigated in this work as possible renewable biofillers in natural rubber compounds, with the aim of replacing the commonly used carbon black. Natural rubber, in some cases blended with 10% of epoxidized natural rubber to improve the matrix-filler affinity, was compounded with 25, 35, 50 and 75 phr of each biomass. Compounds with 25, 35 and 50 phr of carbon black N990 were also prepared as benchmarks. After compounding, vulcanization times were determined by dynamic mechanical analysis. Rubbers were vulcanized by compression moulding and characterized by means of morphological analysis (scanning electron microscopy), thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis) and mechanical tests (tensile tests, strain induced crystallization detection by X-ray diffraction, pure shear fracture tests). Microalgal biomass turned out to be homogeneously dispersed in natural rubber matrix and the materials obtained required lower curing times compared to carbon black compounds. It was found that, up to 50 phr, Spirulina has the ability to increase rubber tensile strength and modulus, acting similarly to N990, while decreasing rubber thermal stability and fracture toughness.
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López-Pacheco IY, Castillo-Vacas EI, Castañeda-Hernández L, Gradiz-Menjivar A, Rodas-Zuluaga LI, Castillo-Zacarías C, Sosa-Hernández JE, Barceló D, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. CO 2 biocapture by Scenedesmus sp. grown in industrial wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148222. [PMID: 34380253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions are widely related to climate change, triggering several environmental problems of global concern and producing environmental, social, and economic negative impacts. Therefore, global research seeks to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, the use of wastes under a circular economy scheme generates subproducts from the range of high to medium-value, representing a way to help sustainable development. Therefore, the use of wastewater as a culture medium to grow microalgae strains that biocapture environmental CO2, is a proposal with high potential to reduce the GHG presence in the environment. In this work, Scenedesmus sp. was cultivated using BG-11 medium and industrial wastewater (IWW) as a culture medium with three different CO2 concentrations, 0.03%, 10%, and 20% to determine their CO2 biocapture potential. Furthermore, the concomitant removal of COD, nitrates, and total phosphorus in wastewater was evaluated. Scenedesmus sp. achieves a biomass concentration of 1.9 g L-1 when is grown in BG-11 medium, 0.69 g L-1 when is grown in a combination of BG-11 medium and 25% of industrial wastewater; both cases with 20% CO2 supplied. The maximum CO2 removal efficiency (8.4%, 446 ± 150 mg CO2 L-1 day-1) was obtained with 10% CO2 supplied and using a combination of BG-11 medium and 50% IWW (T2). Also, the highest removal of COD was reached with a combination of BG-11 medium and T2 with a supply of 20% CO2 (82% of COD removal). Besides, the highest nitrates removal was achieved with a combination of BG-11 medium and 75% IWW (T3) with a supply of 10% CO2 (42% of nitrates removal) and the maximum TP removal was performed with the combination of BG-11 medium and 25% IWW (T1) with a supply of 10% CO2 (67% of TP removal). These results indicate that industrial wastewater can be used as a culture media for microalgae growth and CO2 biocapture can be performed as concomitant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Y López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Israel Castillo-Vacas
- Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, Zamorano. Km 30 carretera de Tegucigalpa a Danlí, Valle del Yeguare, Municipio de San Antonio de Oriente, Francisco Morazán, Honduras, Apartado postal 93, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras
| | - Lizbeth Castañeda-Hernández
- Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, Zamorano. Km 30 carretera de Tegucigalpa a Danlí, Valle del Yeguare, Municipio de San Antonio de Oriente, Francisco Morazán, Honduras, Apartado postal 93, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras
| | - Angie Gradiz-Menjivar
- Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, Zamorano. Km 30 carretera de Tegucigalpa a Danlí, Valle del Yeguare, Municipio de San Antonio de Oriente, Francisco Morazán, Honduras, Apartado postal 93, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Panhandle Research and Extension Center, Scottsbluff, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, c/Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H2O, 17003 Girona, Spain; College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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Aslam A, Bahadar A, Liaquat R, Saleem M, Waqas A, Zwawi M. Algae as an attractive source for cosmetics to counter environmental stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:144905. [PMID: 33770892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, a considerable amount of evidence has come to light regarding the effect that air pollution has on skin conditions. The human skin is the chief protection we have against environmental harm, whether biological, chemical, or physical. The stress from these environmental factors, along with internal influences, can be a cause of skin aging and enlarged pores, thinner skin, skin laxity, wrinkles, fine lines, dryness, and a more fragile dermal layer. This knowledge has led to greater demand for skin cosmetics and a requirement for natural raw ingredients with a high degree of safety and efficiency in combating skin complications. Recent developments in green technology have made the employment of naturally occurring bioactive compounds more popular, and novel extraction methods have ensured that the use of these compounds has greater compatibility with sustainable development principles. Thus, there is a demand for investigations into efficient non-harmful naturally occurring raw ingredients; compounds derived from algae could be beneficial in this area. Algae, both macroalgae and microalgae, consists of waterborne photosynthetic organisms that are potentially valuable as they have a range of bioactive compounds in their composition. Several beneficial metabolites can be obtained from algae, such as antioxidants, carotenoids, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA), pigments, polysaccharides, and scytonemin. Various algae strains are now widely employed in skincare products for various purposes, such as a moisturizer, anti-wrinkle agent, texture-enhancing agents, or sunscreen. This research considers the environmental stresses on human skin and how they may be mitigated using cosmetics created using algae; special attention will be paid to external factors, both generally and specifically (amongst them light exposure and pollutants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Aslam
- US Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Bahadar
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rabia Liaquat
- US Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Industrial Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Waqas
- US Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Zwawi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
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López-Pacheco IY, Silva-Núñez A, García-Perez JS, Carrillo-Nieves D, Salinas-Salazar C, Castillo-Zacarías C, Afewerki S, Barceló D, Iqbal HNM, Parra-Saldívar R. Phyco-remediation of swine wastewater as a sustainable model based on circular economy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111534. [PMID: 33129031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pork production has expanded in the world in recent years. This growth has caused a significant increase in waste from this industry, especially of wastewater. Although there has been an increase in wastewater treatment, there is a lack of useful technologies for the treatment of wastewater from the pork industry. Swine farms generate high amounts of organic pollution, with large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus with final destination into water bodies. Sadly, little attention has been devoted to animal wastes, which are currently treated in simple systems, such as stabilization ponds or just discharged to the environment without previous treatment. This uncontrolled release of swine wastewater is a major cause of eutrophication processes. Among the possible treatments, phyco-remediation seems to be a sustainable and environmentally friendly option of removing compounds from wastewater such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and some metal ions. Several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of treating swine wastewater using different microalgae species. Nevertheless, the practicability of applying this procedure at pilot-scale has not been explored before as an integrated process. This work presents an overview of the technological applications of microalgae for the treatment of wastewater from swine farms and the by-products (pigments, polysaccharides, lipids, proteins) and services of commercial interest (biodiesel, biohydrogen, bioelectricity, biogas) generated during this process. Furthermore, the environmental benefits while applying microalgae technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Y López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Arisbe Silva-Núñez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - J Saúl García-Perez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Danay Carrillo-Nieves
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, C.P. 45138, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Samson Afewerki
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Damiá Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Hafiz N M Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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Blandin G, Ferrari F, Lesage G, Le-Clech P, Héran M, Martinez-Lladó X. Forward Osmosis as Concentration Process: Review of Opportunities and Challenges. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10100284. [PMID: 33066490 PMCID: PMC7602145 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, osmotic membrane systems, such as forward osmosis (FO), have gained popularity as "soft" concentration processes. FO has unique properties by combining high rejection rate and low fouling propensity and can be operated without significant pressure or temperature gradient, and therefore can be considered as a potential candidate for a broad range of concentration applications where current technologies still suffer from critical limitations. This review extensively compiles and critically assesses recent considerations of FO as a concentration process for applications, including food and beverages, organics value added compounds, water reuse and nutrients recovery, treatment of waste streams and brine management. Specific requirements for the concentration process regarding the evaluation of concentration factor, modules and design and process operation, draw selection and fouling aspects are also described. Encouraging potential is demonstrated to concentrate streams more than 20-fold with high rejection rate of most compounds and preservation of added value products. For applications dealing with highly concentrated or complex streams, FO still features lower propensity to fouling compared to other membranes technologies along with good versatility and robustness. However, further assessments on lab and pilot scales are expected to better define the achievable concentration factor, rejection and effective concentration of valuable compounds and to clearly demonstrate process limitations (such as fouling or clogging) when reaching high concentration rate. Another important consideration is the draw solution selection and its recovery that should be in line with application needs (i.e., food compatible draw for food and beverage applications, high osmotic pressure for brine management, etc.) and be economically competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Blandin
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Water, Air and Soil Unit, 08242 Manresa, Spain;
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Ferrari
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Geoffroy Lesage
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Pierre Le-Clech
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Marc Héran
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Xavier Martinez-Lladó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Water, Air and Soil Unit, 08242 Manresa, Spain;
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Liu P, Zhang S, Han R, Bu X, Jian X. Effect of Additives on the Performance of PPBES Composite Forward Osmosis Hollow Fiber Membranes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23148-23156. [PMID: 32954165 PMCID: PMC7495731 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A polyamide composite forward osmosis (FO) hollow fiber membrane was successfully prepared with a novel copoly(phthalazinone biphenyl ether sulfone) (PPBES) polymer. Effects of different additives including ethylene glycol methyl ether (EGME) and lithium chloride anhydrous (LiCl) in the dope solution on the morphologies and properties of PPBES support membranes and composite FO hollow fiber membranes were investigated. With the increase of EGME content in the dope solution, the water flux of PPBES support membranes and FO hollow fiber membranes decreased. When LiCl was added into the dope solution, the water flux of FO hollow fiber membranes improved significantly with the increase of LiCl content. Additionally, the FO performance of the PPBES membrane was further optimized by adding triethylamine (TEA) in the interfacial polymerization (IP) process. In comparison with other FO membranes, the novel PPBES composite FO hollow fiber membrane displayed a remarkably high water flux of 45.3 L/m2 h and a low specific reverse salt flux of 0.15 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang
Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, P. R. China
| | - Shouhai Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- Liaoning
High Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Runlin Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoman Bu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xigao Jian
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- Liaoning
High Performance Polymer Engineering Research Center, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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Ciapponi R, Turri S, Levi M. Mechanical Reinforcement by Microalgal Biofiller in Novel Thermoplastic Biocompounds from Plasticized Gluten. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091476. [PMID: 31067771 PMCID: PMC6540482 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop new bioplastic compounds from wheat gluten, biobased plasticizers (glycerol, octanoic acid and 1,4-butanediol), and microalgal biomass as a filler. The effects of the composition on tensile properties, thermal stability, and water sensitivity were investigated. Microalgal biomass was added with the selected quantities: 10, 20, and 30 per hundred parts (php). Mechanical mixing of the components, i.e., gluten, plasticizer, and microalgae, was followed by molding in a hot press. Microlgal filler improved mechanical properties of the plasticized gluten material: in samples plasticized with 1,4-butanediol, 30 php of biomass increased the tensile modulus by nearly one order of magnitude, from 36.5 MPa to 273.1 MPa, and it also increased the tensile strength from 3.3 MPa to 4.9 MPa. The introduction of microalgal biomass slightly increased the surface sensitivity against water: 30 php of biomass reduced the water contact angle from 41° to 22° in samples plasticized with glycerol, but the biomass lowered the overall water absorption kinetics for material with each plasticizer. Microalgal biomass proved therefore to be an interesting sustainable resource with which to develop materials based on gluten, in particular to increase the mechanical properties of the compounds without reducing thermal stability or water resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ciapponi
- INSTM⁻National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Stefano Turri
- INSTM⁻National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marinella Levi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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