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Wang W, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Digestate-derived carbonized char and activated carbon: Application perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 381:129135. [PMID: 37164231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The flourishment of anaerobic digestion (AD) on waste treatment emphasizes the importance of digestate valorization, which plays an essential role in determining the benefits provided by the AD process. The perception of digestate gradually shifts from waste to products to realize the concept of circular economy and maximize the benefits of digestate valorization. This review first outlined the current status of digestate valorization, focusing on thermal-chemical methods. The novel valorization methods were then summarized from the recent research, illustrating prospects for digestate valorization. Limits and perspectives are finally addressed. Methods for preparing digestate-derived activated carbon and impurity effects were elucidated. Inherent mineral content/inorganic impurity could be a niche for downstream use. High surface area and well-developed pore structure are essential for satisfying downstream use performance, but they are not the only factors. Digestate char applications other than use as an energy fuel are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Valorization of Fourth-Range Wastes: Evaluating Pyrolytic Behavior of Fresh and Digested Wastes. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in daily habits and a stressful lifestyle create modifications in consumer preferences and open opportunities to new market products. This is the case of fourth-range products in which the industrial sector generates a waste stream of high quality. Valorization of this type of waste as a single stream is desirable to avoid lowering quality with other low-grade materials. Anaerobic digestion of fourth-range wastes was studied under discontinuous and semi-continuous conditions. A high carbon content characterizes the organic material composed of fruit and vegetable wastes. The fast degradation of the substrate indicated no limitations associated with the hydrolysis stage, as observed from kinetic parameters estimated from batch assays. However, the easiness of degradation did not translate into short hydraulic retention times when operating under semi-continuous conditions. Additionally, the insufficient amount of nutrients prevented the development of a well-balanced digestion process. Specific methane production was 325 mL CH4/g VS added at a hydraulic retention time of 30 days. However, solid accumulation was observed at the end of the experiment, indicating that conditions established did not allow for the complete conversion of the organic material. Digestate evaluation using thermal analysis under inert conditions showed a thermal profile evidencing the presence of complex components and a high tendency to char formation.
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Tawfik A, Mostafa A, Elsamadony M, Pant D, Fujii M. Unraveling the metabolic shift in anaerobic digestion pathways associated with the alteration of onion skin waste concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113494. [PMID: 35660404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Onion skin waste (OSW) is common waste in developing countries, which can cause severe environmental pollution when not properly treated. Value-added products can be chemically extracted from OSW; however, that process is not economically feasible. Alternatively, dry anaerobic digestion (DAD) of OSW is a promising approach for both energy recovery and environment protection. The main hurdles during DAD of OSW can be the hydrolysis and acidification. In batch tests, sludge digestate (SD) rich with methanogens was co-digested with different fractions of OSW for enhancing hydrolysis and raising biogas productivity. The cumulative biogas production (CBP) was 36.6 ± 0.3 mL for sole DAD of SD (100% SD) and increased up to 281.9 ± 14.1 mL for (50% SD: 50% OSW) batch. Self-delignification of OSW took place by SD addition, where the lignin removal reached 75.3 ± 10.5% for (85% SD: 15% OSW) batch. Increasing the fraction of OSW (45% SD: 55% OSW) reduced the delignification by a value of 68.8%, where initial lignin concentration was 9.48 ± 1.6% in dry weight. Lignin breaking down resulted a high fraction of phenolic compounds (345.6 ± 58.8 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight) in the fermentation medium, causing CBP drop (219.0 ± 28.5 mL). The presence of elements (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, S and P) in OSW improved the enzymatic activity, facilitated phenolic compounds degradation, shifted the metabolism towards acetate fermentation pathway, and raised biogas productivity. Acidogenesis was less affected by phenolic compounds than methanogenesis, causing higher H2 contents and lower CH4 contents, at batches with high share of OSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tawfik
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alsayed Mostafa
- Department of Smart-city Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Mohamed Elsamadony
- Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, 31521 Tanta City, Egypt; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation & Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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Tawfik A, Hassan GK, Awad H, Hassan M, Rojas P, Sanz JL, Elsamadony M, Pant D, Fujii M. Strengthen "the sustainable farm" concept via efficacious conversion of farm wastes into methane. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125838. [PMID: 34467888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With escalating global demand for renewable energy, exploitation of farm wastes (i.e., agriculture straw wastes (ASWs), livestock wastewater (LW) and sewage sludge (SS)) has been considered to attain maximum methane yield (MY) via anaerobic digestion (AD). Results pointed that mixture of SS and LW as anaerobes' source with 20 g of ASWs/300 mL of working volume achieved maximum MY and volatile solid (VS) removal efficiency of 0.44 (±0.05) L/gVS and 51.4 (±4.1)%, respectively. This was mainly because of emerging heavy duty bacterial species (i.e., Syntrophorhabdaceae and Synergistaceae) and archaeal community (i.e, Methanosarcina and Methanoculleus) after 70 days of anaerobic incubation. This was acquired along with boosting enzymatic activity, especially xylanase, cellulase and protease up to 71.5(±7.9), 179.3(±14.3) and 207.2(±16.2) U/100 mL, respectively. Furthermore, the digestate contained high concentrations of NH4+ (960.1±(76.8) mg/L), phosphorus (126.3±(10.1) mg/L) and trace metals, making it a good candidate as organic fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tawfik
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Gamal K Hassan
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanem Awad
- National Research Centre, Tanning Materials & Proteins Department, 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Hassan
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Patricia Rojas
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Molecular Biology, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jose L Sanz
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Molecular Biology, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Mohamed Elsamadony
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, 31521 Tanta City, Egypt.
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation & Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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5
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Response of anammox bacteria to short-term exposure of 1,4-dioxane: Bacterial activity and community dynamics. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ma X, Zhang M, Gao Z, Gao M, Wu C, Wang Q. Microbial lipid production from banana straw hydrolysate and ethanol stillage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:29357-29368. [PMID: 33555465 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of banana straw (BS) hydrolysate as carbon source and reutilizing the pretreated liquor (PL) of BS in the Rhodosporidium toruloides fermentation was explored for the first time. When BS hydrolysate was used as the carbon source, total biomass concentration, lipid concentration, and lipid content under optimal conditions reached 15.52 g/L, 5.83 g/L, and 37.56% (w/w), respectively, which was similar to the results of pure sugar control. After detoxification, 50% PL can be returned to enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, and total biomass concentration, lipid concentration, and lipid content can reach 15.14 g/L, 5.59 g/L, and 36.91% (w/w). Then, ethanol stillage (ES) was used as the nitrogen source. The NaCl and glycerol of ES could promote lipid accumulation, reaching 7.52 g/L under optimized conditions. Finally, microbial lipid production from BS hydrolysate and ES without any additional nutrients was investigated, and the maximum total biomass concentration, lipid concentration, and lipid content were 13.55 g/L, 4.88 g/L, and 36.01% (w/w), respectively. Besides, the main compositions of microbial lipid produced were C16 and C18, and the biodiesel production from the microbial lipid could meet Chinese and US standard through theoretical numerical calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Wang W, Lee DJ. Valorization of anaerobic digestion digestate: A prospect review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124626. [PMID: 33418353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is recognized as promising technology for bioenergy production from biowaste, with huge quantity of digestate being produced as the residual waste. The digestate contains substantial amounts of organic and inorganic matters that be considered highly risky contaminants to the receiving environments if not properly treated, but also potential renewable resources if are adequately recovered. This prospect review summarized the current research efforts on digestate valorization, including aspects of resource recovery and the proposed applications, particularly on the conversion techniques and economic feasibility. The prospects for digestate valorization were highlighted at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Santra B, Ramrakhiani L, Kar S, Ghosh S, Majumdar S. Ceramic membrane-based ultrafiltration combined with adsorption by waste derived biochar for textile effluent treatment and management of spent biochar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:973-992. [PMID: 33312617 PMCID: PMC7721960 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00520-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Effluents produced in the textile industries are important sources of water pollution due to the presence of toxic dyes, auxiliary chemicals, organic substances etc. Recycling of such industrial wastewater is one major aspect of sustainable water management; hence present study is focused on an eco-friendly process development for reclamation of higher loading textile wastewater. METHOD Industrial effluent samples with varying loading were collected from textile processing units located in and around Kolkata city. Vegetable waste collected from local market was utilized to prepare an efficient biochar for elimination of the recalcitrant dyes. Prior to adsorption, ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) process was used for reduction of the organic loading and other suspended and dissolved components. RESULTS A remarkably high BET surface area of 1216 m2g-1 and enhanced pore volume of 1.139 cm3g-1 was observed for biochar. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir isotherm was about 300 mg.g-1. The combined process facilitated >99% removal of dyes and 77-80% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the various samples of effluent. The treated effluent was found suitable to discharge or reuse in other purposes. About 95% of dye recovery was achieved during biochar regeneration with acetone solution. The dye loaded spent biochar was composted with dry leaves and garden soil as bulking agent. Prepared compost could achieve the recommended parameters with high nutritional value after 45 days. CONCLUSIONS The overall study showed potential of the proposed process towards treatment of toxic dye loaded textile effluent in an environment friendly and sustainable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Santra
- Water Technology Division, CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Lata Ramrakhiani
- Water Technology Division, CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Susmita Kar
- Water Technology Division, CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Sourja Ghosh
- Water Technology Division, CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Swachchha Majumdar
- Water Technology Division, CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
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Biochar and Energy Production: Valorizing Swine Manure through Coupling Co-Digestion and Pyrolysis. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/c6020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is an established technological option for the treatment of agricultural residues and livestock wastes beneficially producing renewable energy and digestate as biofertilizer. This technology also has significant potential for becoming an essential component of biorefineries for valorizing lignocellulosic biomass due to its great versatility in assimilating a wide spectrum of carbonaceous materials. The integration of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis of its digestates for enhanced waste treatment was studied. A theoretical analysis was performed for three scenarios based on the thermal needs of the process: The treatment of swine manure (scenario 1), co-digestion with crop wastes (scenario 2), and addition of residual glycerine (scenario 3). The selected plant design basis was to produce biochar and electricity via combined heat and power units. For electricity production, the best performing scenario was scenario 3 (producing three times more electricity than scenario 1), with scenario 2 resulting in the highest production of biochar (double the biochar production and 1.7 times more electricity than scenario 1), but being highly penalized by the great thermal demand associated with digestate dewatering. Sensitivity analysis was performed using a central composite design, predominantly to evaluate the bio-oil yield and its high heating value, as well as digestate dewatering. Results demonstrated the effect of these parameters on electricity production and on the global thermal demand of the plant. The main significant factor was the solid content attained in the dewatering process, which excessively penalized the global process for values lower than 25% TS.
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Saidi R, Hamdi M, Bouallagui H. Hyperthermophilic hydrogen production in a simplified reaction medium containing onion wastes as a source of carbon and sulfur. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17382-17392. [PMID: 32157539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the hyperthermophilic dark fermentation of onion wastes (OW) for hydrogen production was investigated. OW were used at different proportions in mixed fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) to evaluate their effect on hydrogen production by Thermotoga maritima. Fermentations were performed in a pH-controlled batch stirred tank reactor (BSTR) using seawater as a simplified reaction medium. Results showed that increasing OW proportions in total fruit and vegetable wastes (tFVW) improved H2 production. Therefore, increasing the OW to tFVW ratio from 0 to 0.8 increased the cumulative H2 production from 109 to 223.6 mmol/L. The H2 productivity was also improved from 7.3 to 28.82 mmol/h.L. In fact, OW contain carbohydrates, sulfur compounds, and other nutrients, which were used as a carbon source and energetic substrate for H2 production by the halophilic bacterium T. maritima in seawater without additional chemical compounds. Then, a H2 yield of 3.36 mol H2/mol hexose was achieved using 200 mL of OW, containing 55 mmol/L of carbohydrates. A concept of H2 production from FVW at high proportions of OW in a simplified reaction medium was proposed. It allowed a H2 yield of 209 LH2/kg volatile solids which could be an interesting future alternative to the current fossil fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafika Saidi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, Université de Carthage, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moktar Hamdi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, Université de Carthage, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hassib Bouallagui
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne LETMi, Université de Carthage, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Impacts of Chemical-Assisted Thermal Pretreatments on Methane Production from Fruit and Vegetable Harvesting Wastes: Process Optimization. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030500. [PMID: 31979363 PMCID: PMC7038018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing population creates excess pressure on the plantation and production of fruits and vegetables across the world. Consumption demand during the whole year has made production compulsory in the covered production system (greenhouse). Production, harvesting, processing, transporting, and distribution chains of fruit and vegetables have resulted in a huge amount of wastes as an alternative source to produce biofuels. In this study, optimization of two pretreatment processes (NaOH and HCl assisted thermal) was investigated to enhance methane production from fruit and vegetable harvesting wastes (FVHW) that originate from greenhouses. NaOH concentration (0–6.5%), HCl concentration (0–5%), reaction temperature (60–100 °C), solid content (1–5%), time of reaction (1–5 h), and mixing speed (0–500 rpm) were chosen in a wide range of levels to optimize the process in a broad design boundary and to evaluate the positive and negative impacts of independent variables along with their ranges. Increasing NaOH and HCl concentrations resulted in higher COD solubilization but decreased the concentration of soluble sugars that can be converted directly into methane. Thus, the increasing concentrations of NaOH and HCl in the pretreatments have resulted in low methane production. The most important independent variables impacting COD and sugar solubilization were found to be chemical concentration (as NaOH and HCl), solid content and reaction temperature for the optimization of pretreatment processes. The high amount of methane productions in the range of 222–365 mL CH4 gVS−1 was obtained by the simple thermal application without using chemical agents as NaOH or HCl. Maximum enhancement of methane production was 47–68% compared to raw FVHW when 5% solid content, 1-hour reaction time and 60–100 °C reaction temperature were applied in pretreatments.
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Elsharkawy K, Gar Alalm M, Fujii M, Afify H, Tawfik A, Elsamadony M. Paperboard mill wastewater treatment via combined dark and LED-mediated fermentation in the absence of external chemical addition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122312. [PMID: 31678889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Paperboard mill wastewater (PMWW) was treated using two subsequent dark and photo up-flow intermitted stirring tank reactors (UISTRs) under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) without external chemical use. HRT of 12 h revealed the maximum overall H2 productivity of 1394.1(±70.6) mL/L/d with contents of 48.9(±2.5) and 47.4(±1.4)% for dark- and photo-processes, respectively. Overall substrate removal efficiency (SDE) of 58.9(±4.5)% was registered at HRT o 12 h. High H2 productivity was ascribed to fermentation type occurred at dark reactor, since acetate and butyrate accounted for 70.9% of volatile fatty acids. Besides, pH and carbon to nitrogen ratio of dark reactor's effluent at HRT = 12 h were 5.5(±0.1) and 30.0(±2.5), respectively which are the optimum levels for photo fermentation process. Moreover, energetic and economic analyses emphasized on the superiority of 12 h-HRT, where net gain energy, daily saving and payback period accounted for 1319.5 kWh/d, 148.7 $/d and 9.8 years, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Elsharkawy
- Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, 31521 Tanta City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gar Alalm
- Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hafez Afify
- Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, 31521 Tanta City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- Department of Water Pollution Research, National Research Centre, P.O 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elsamadony
- Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, 31521 Tanta City, Egypt; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
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Soltan M, Elsamadony M, Mostafa A, Awad H, Tawfik A. Nutrients balance for hydrogen potential upgrading from fruit and vegetable peels via fermentation process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 242:384-393. [PMID: 31059951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The sole, dual and multi-fermentations of fruit and vegetable peels (FVPs) were investigated in order to balance nutrition hierarchy for maximizing hydrogen potential via Batch experiments. The highest volumetric hydrogen production of 2.55 ± 0.07 L/L and hydrogen content of 64.7 ± 3.7% were registered for multi-fermentation of M-PTBO (25% pea +25% tomato + 25% banana +25% orange). These values outperformed sole and dual fermentation. The multi-fermentation of FVPs provided sufficient nutrients and trace elements for anaerobes, where C/N and C/P ratios were at levels of 24.7 ± 0.2 and 113.2 ± 9.4, respectively. In specific, harmonizing of macro and micro-nutrients remarkably maximized activities of amylase, protease and lipase to 4.23 ± 0.42, 0.035 ± 0.002 and 0.31 ± 0.02 U/mL, respectively, as well as, substantially incremented counts of Clostridium and Enterobacter sp. up to 5.81 ± 0.23 × 105 and 2.17 ± 0.09 × 106 cfu/mL, respectively. Furthermore, multi-fermentation of M-PTBO achieved the maximum net energy gain and profit of 1.82 kJ/gfeedstock and 4.11 $/kgfeedstock, respectively. Nutrients balance significantly develops bacterial activity in terms of hydrogen productivity, anaerobes reproduction, enzyme activities and soluble metabolites. As a result, overall fermentation bioprocess performance was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Soltan
- Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-Just), Environmental Engineering Department, P.O. Box 179, New Borg El Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elsamadony
- Public Works Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, 31521, Tanta City, Egypt; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Alsayed Mostafa
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanem Awad
- National Research Centre, Tanning Materials & Proteins Department, 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Dept., P.O 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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