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Nomo SD, Shlebe A, Rachmilevitch S, Shalit-Kaneh A. The Application of Paclobutrazol to GA 3-Treated Seed Tuber Potato Fields Does Not Shorten the Growth Cycle or Mitigate Tuber Elongation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2327. [PMID: 39204763 PMCID: PMC11359537 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Potato seed tubers are a valuable product in potato agriculture. Over the years, studies have been conducted to increase the fraction of mid-size tubers, which are used as a planting material, within the general pool of tuber sizes. Gibberellic acid has been a central component of such studies and has successfully increased the seed-size pool. However, in many cases, misshapen tubers were formed, and the practice has not become widespread. The use of the gibberellic acid inhibitor paclobutrazol has been examined for its ability to increase seed tuber number and tuber growth and to overcome the heat inhibition of tuberization in warm climates. Paclobutrazol has been shown to increase tuber yield and growth rate. In this study, we aimed to test whether the combination of gibberellic acid and paclobutrazol can increase the seed tuber pool, reduce the number of misshapen tubers, and shorten the growth cycle, thus avoiding end-of-season elevated heat conditions and reducing agricultural inputs. Our findings suggest that gibberellic acid on its own can lead to an increase in the number of seed tubers at earlier stages of growth; however, the sequential addition of paclobutrazol was not able to drive even earlier growth or lower the number of misshapen tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Nomo
- Department of Vegetables and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, M.P. Negev, Gilat 85280, Israel; (S.D.N.); (A.S.)
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 849900, Israel
| | - Aeden Shlebe
- Department of Vegetables and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, M.P. Negev, Gilat 85280, Israel; (S.D.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer 849900, Israel;
| | - Akiva Shalit-Kaneh
- Department of Vegetables and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, M.P. Negev, Gilat 85280, Israel; (S.D.N.); (A.S.)
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Li X, Lian T, Su B, Liu H, Wang Y, Wu X, He J, Wang Y, Xu Y, Yang S, Li Y. Construction of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of paclobutrazol and exposure estimation in the human body. Toxicology 2024; 505:153841. [PMID: 38796053 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant growth regulator that can delay plant growth and improve plant resistance and yield. Although it has been widely used in the growth of medicinal plants, human beings may take it by taking traditional Chinese medicine. There are no published studies on PBZ exposure in humans or standardized limits for PBZ in medicinal plants. We measured the solubility, oil-water partition coefficient (logP), and pharmacokinetics of PBZ in rats and established a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of PBZ in rats. This was followed by extrapolation to healthy Chinese adult males as a theoretical foundation for future risk assessment of PBZ. The results showed that PBZ had low solubility and high fat solubility. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that PBZ was absorbed rapidly but eliminated slowly in rats. On this basis, the rat PBPK model was successfully constructed and extrapolated to healthy Chinese adult males to predict the plasma concentration-time curve and exposure of PBZ in humans. The construction of the PBPK model of PBZ in this study facilitates the determination of the standard formulation limits and risk assessment of PBZ residues in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Tingting Lian
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Buda Su
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Junjie He
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Shenshen Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyang Lake Road, West Zone, Jinghai District, Tuanbo New City, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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Usenko A, Chýlková J, Váňa J, Matvieiev O, Janíková L, Šelešovská R. A new voltammetric approach for the determination of the insecticide paclobutrazol in the presence of difenoconazole in pesticide preparations. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Liang F, Xu W, Wu H, Zheng B, Liang Q, Li Y, Wang S. Widely targeted metabolite profiling of mango stem apex during floral induction by compond of mepiquat chloride, prohexadione-calcium and uniconazole. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14458. [PMID: 36530389 PMCID: PMC9753738 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insufficient low temperatures in winter and soil residues caused by paclobutrazol (PBZ) application pose a considerable challenge for mango floral induction (FI). Gibberellin inhibitors SPD (compound of mepiquat chloride, prohexadione-calcium and uniconazole) had a significant influence on enhancing the flowering rate and yield of mango for two consecutive years (2020-2021). Researchers have indicated that FI is regulated at the metabolic level; however, little is known about the metabolic changes during FI in response to SPD treatment. Methods Here, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)-based widely targeted metabolomic analysis was carried out to assess the metabolic differences in the mango stem apex during different stage of mango FI (30, 80, 100 days after SPD/water treatment). Results A total of 582 compounds were annotated and 372 metabolites showed two-fold differences in abundance (variable importance in projection, VIP ≥ 1 and fold change, FC≥ 2 or≤ 0.5) between buds at 30, 80, 100 days after SPD/water treatment or between buds under different treatment. Lipids, phenolic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and vitamins were among metabolites showing significant differences over time after SPD treatment. Here, 18 out of 20 lipids, including the lysophosphatidylethanolamine (12, LPE), lysophosphatidylcholine (7, LPC), and free fatty acids (1, FA), were significantly upregulated from 80 to 100 days after SPD treatment comared to water treatment. Meanwhile, the dormancy release of mango buds from 80 to 100 days after SPD treatment was accompanied by the accumulation of proline, ascorbic acid, carbohydrates, and tannins. In addition, metabolites, such as L-homocysteine, L-histidine, and L-homomethionine, showed more than a ten-fold difference in relative abundance from 30 to 100 days after SPD treatment, however, there were no significant changes after water treatment. The present study reveals novel metabolites involved in mango FI in response to SPD, which would provide a theoretical basis for utilizing SPD to induce mango flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China,Binhai Agricultural College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wentian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qingzhi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yingzhi Li
- Binhai Agricultural College of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Songbiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
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Lan L, Huang W, Zhou H, Yuan J, Miao S, Mao X, Hu Q, Ji S. Integrated Metabolome and Lipidome Strategy to Reveal the Action Pattern of Paclobutrazol, a Plant Growth Retardant, in Varying the Chemical Constituents of Platycodon Root. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206902. [PMID: 36296498 PMCID: PMC9609321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Platycodon root, a medicinal food homology species which has been used in Asian countries for hundreds of years, is now widely cultivated in China. Treatment with paclobutrazol, a typical plant growth retardant, has raised uncertainties regarding the quality of Platycodon root, which have been rarely investigated. In the present study, metabolomic and lipidomic differences were revealed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IM-QTOF-MS). A significant decrease of platycodigenin-type saponins was observed in the paclobutrazol-treated sample. Carrying out a comprehensive quantitative analysis, the contents of total saponins and saccharides were determined to illustrate the mode of action of paclobutrazol on Platycodon root. This study demonstrated an exemplary research model in explaining how the exogenous matter influences the chemical properties of medicinal plants, and therefore might provide insights into the reasonable application of plant growth regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weizhen Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiajia Yuan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shui Miao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiuhong Mao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shen Ji
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18001678046
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Novel Dual-Color Immunochromatographic Assay Based on Chrysanthemum-like Au@polydopamine and Colloidal Gold for Simultaneous Sensitive Detection of Paclobutrazol and Carbofuran in Fruits and Vegetables. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111564. [PMID: 35681314 PMCID: PMC9180898 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure food safety and prevent the toxic effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and carbofuran (CAR) on humans, a sensitive and rapid method for the detection of PBZ and CAR in fruits and vegetables is required. Herein, a highly sensitive PBZ monoclonal antibody (PBZ mAb) and CAR monoclonal antibody (CAR mAb) with half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) at 0.77 and 0.82 ng mL−1 were prepared, respectively. We proposed a novel dual-color immunochromatographic assay (ICA) with two test lines (T1 and T2) and an independent control line (C) based on chrysanthemum-like Au@Polydopamine (AuNC@PDA) and colloidal gold (AuNPs) for the simultaneous and sensitive detection of PBZ and CAR with naked-eye detection limits of 10 and 5 μg kg−1, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) for PBZ and CAR were 0.117 and 0.087 μg kg−1 in orange, 0.109 and 0.056 μg kg−1 in grape, and 0.131 and 0.094 μg kg−1 in cabbage mustard, respectively. The average recoveries of PBZ and CAR in orange, grape, and cabbage mustard were 97.86−102.83%, with coefficients of variation from 8.94 to 11.05. The detection results of this method for 30 samples (orange, grapes, and cabbage mustard) agreed well with those of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The novel dual-color ICA was sensitive, rapid, and accurate for the simultaneous detection of PBZ and CAR in real samples.
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A monoclonal antibody-based time-resolved fluorescence microsphere lateral flow immunoassay for paclobutrazol detection. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1395-1402. [PMID: 36110384 PMCID: PMC9468506 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant growth inhibitor and fungicide, but it is also carcinogenic and teratogenic, and has potential harm to human health. In this study, two PBZ haptens (PBZ-1, PBZ-2) were synthesized and conjugated with carrier proteins to get artificial antigens. A highly specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against PBZ was prepared. The antibody subtype was IgG1 and the concentration was 11.03 mg/mL. A sensitive and rapid time-resolved fluorescence microsphere lateral flow immunoassay (TRFMs-LFIA) was established based on the mAb. The activated pH, the mAbs diluents, the mAb reacting concentration and the probe amount were optimized. The visual limit of detection (vLOD) and quantitative limit of detection (qLOD) of the TRFMs-LFIA for PBZ were 50 and 1.72 ng/mL respectively, and the 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) was 9.38 ng/mL. The pretreatment procedures are simple and rapid, and the detection time of TRFMs-LFIA strip is 6 min. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of PBZ could be achieved under a UV light or with a portable fluorescence immunoassay analyzer. The average recovery rates ranged from 96.2% to 111.9% and the corresponding coefficients of variation (CV) were 4.0%–11.2% in spiked wheat and rice samples. Twenty real wheat and rice samples were measured by the TRFMs-LFIA and compared with Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The measured values showed a good accordance. These results indicated that the proposed assay will provide a novel effective strategy for on-site detection of PBZ. A new immunogen was prepared using thyroglobulin as carrier protein coupled with hapten. A high-sensitivity mAb was prepared using a heterologous coating antigen. Based on anti-PBZ mAb, TRAMs-LFIA was developed for the detection of paclobutrazol residue for the first time. The proposed LFIA was rapid, easy to operate and highly accurate.
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Yu S, Wang Y, Shen F, Wu R, Cao D, Yu Y. Emergence of Triazole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus Exposed to Paclobutrazol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15538-15543. [PMID: 34915705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a global health problem, the source of triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus has gained much attention. This study was conducted to explore whether the triazole plant regulator paclobutrazol could evolve triazole resistance in A. fumigatus. The results indicated that two triazole-resistant strains with hereditary stability were isolated from liquid medium and soil. The up-regulation of cyp51A, cyp51B, AtrF, cdr1B, AfuMDR1, AfuMDR2, and AfuMDR4 played an important role in these resistant strains. The triazole-resistance in A. fumigatus could depend on the selective pressure of paclobutrazol concentration and exposure time. These results indicate that the application of paclobutrazol may result in the emergency of triazole resistance in A. fumigatus and thus have a potential risk for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Shen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruilin Wu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Duantao Cao
- The Laboratory for Phytochemistry and Plant-derived Pesticides, College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Kumar G, Lal S, Bhatt P, Ram RA, Bhattacherjee AK, Dikshit A, Rajan S. Mechanisms and kinetics for the degradation of paclobutrazol and biocontrol action of a novel Pseudomonas putida strain T7. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 175:104846. [PMID: 33993964 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores biodegradation kinetics and process optimization of plant growth retardant from triazole group paclobutrazol (PBZ; C15H20ClN3O mol. wt. 293.79 g mol-1) in a batch experiment. A gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium T7 was isolated from PBZ applied agricultural field by enrichment technique and characterized as Pseudomonas putida strain T7. Strain was tested for PBZ biodegradation and plant growth-promoting characteristics. Results revealed that strain T7 utilizes PBZ as a carbon and energy source and showing degradation up to 98.30% on the 15th day. First-order degradation kinetics and a linear model were well fitted and showing a maximum t1/2 value on 9th day. Biodegradation optimization by Box Behnken design (BBD) of Response surface methodology (RSM) showed maximum degradation at pH 7.0, 31 °C temperature, and 2 mL inoculum size (8 × 109 CFU mL-1). The bacterium was also able to solubilize Zn, K, and PO4 and produced a copious amount of IAA, HCN, and Ammonia. The biocontrol activity against plant pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum (MTCC-284), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (MTCC 2190), Pythium aphanidermatum (MTCC - 1024), Tropical race-1 (TR -1), and Tropical race - 4 (TR-4) showed the great antagonistic effect. Hence, this strain can be employed as an effective bio-agent for eco-friendly cleanup strategies and pathogen suppressive agents in paclobutrazol contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Kumar
- ICAR, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture (CISH), Lucknow, India.
| | - Shatrohan Lal
- ICAR, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture (CISH), Lucknow, India
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- SCAU, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre SCAU, Guangzhou, China
| | - R A Ram
- ICAR, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture (CISH), Lucknow, India
| | - A K Bhattacherjee
- ICAR, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture (CISH), Lucknow, India
| | - Abhay Dikshit
- ICAR, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture (CISH), Lucknow, India
| | - Shailendra Rajan
- ICAR, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture (CISH), Lucknow, India
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Wang Y, Yang G, Shen W, Xu C, Di S, Wang D, Li X, Wang X, Wang Q. Synergistic effect of fenpropathrin and paclobutrazol on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115067. [PMID: 32629307 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are usually exposed to various co-existing pollutants. However, toxic effects of pesticide mixtures on aquatic organisms and its potential underlying mechanism still remain unclear. The joint effects of fenpropathrin (FEN) and paclobutrazol (PAC) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) using diverse toxicological endpoints were investigated in the current work. Our data exhibited that the 96-h LC50 values of FEN to zebrafish at multiple life phases ranged from 0.0029 (0.0013-0.0042) to 0.16 (0.082-0.23) mg a.i. L-1, which were lower by comparison to PAC ranging from 13.16 (8.564-21.03) to 23.43 (17.94-29.91) mg a.i. L-1. Combination of FEN and PAC displayed synergistic effect on embryonic zebrafish. Activities of T-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD and CYP450 were remarkably changed in the majority of single and mixture treatments by comparison to the untreated group. The mRNA levels of 17 genes related to oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, immune system and endocrine system were assessed, and the data suggested that embryonic zebrafish were affected by both single pesticides and their mixtures. Five genes (P53, tsh, ERα, crh and cxcl-clc) showed greater alterations when exposed to pesticide mixtures by comparison to their individual chemicals. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to conduct more studies on mixture toxicities of different pesticides to explore the chemical mixtures with synergistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang L, Luo Z, Cui S, Xie L, Yu J, Tang D, Ma X, Mou Y. Residue of Paclobutrazol and Its Regulatory Effects on the Secondary Metabolites of Ophiopogon japonicas. Molecules 2019; 24:E3504. [PMID: 31569613 PMCID: PMC6804066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, paclobutrazol is excessively used in the planting process of Ophiopogon japonicus (O. japonicus) due to its important role in regulating the growth of tuber roots, ultimately increasing the yield and shortening the growth cycle of Ophiopogonis Radix. For insight into this process and the potential risks of paclobutrazol and its mediated consequences on the secondary metabolites in Ophiopogonis Radix, corresponding high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric methods (HPLC-MS/MS) were developed in this study and then applied to Ophiopogonis Radix, soil, and water samples. The results demonstrated the detection of different levels of paclobutrazol residue were in Ophiopogonis Radix, soil, and water samples. In addition, the quantitative results of the secondary metabolites showed that paclobutrazol significantly decreased four steroidal saponins in Ophiopogonis Radix, especially ophiopogonin D, where the content was decreased from 824.87 to 172.50 mg/kg. Concurrently, ophiopogonanone C, a flavonoid in Ophiopogonis Radix, also significantly decreased from 2.66 to 1.33 mg/kg. In conclusion, the residual paclobutrazol and its negative regulation on the secondary metabolism of Ophiopogonis Radix brings potential hazards to the environment and human health. These results provide more comprehensive data that can be used for the reassessment of the use of paclobutrazol in O. japonicus and the formulation of related standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jing Hong 666100, China.
| | - Zuliang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shengrong Cui
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lei Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jing Hong 666100, China.
| | - Deying Tang
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jing Hong 666100, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yan Mou
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jing Hong 666100, China.
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