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Mannaa M, Mansour A, Park I, Lee DW, Seo YS. Insect-based agri-food waste valorization: Agricultural applications and roles of insect gut microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 17:100287. [PMID: 37333762 PMCID: PMC10275724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Meeting the demands of the growing population requires increased food and feed production, leading to higher levels of agri-food waste. As this type of waste seriously threatens public health and the environment, novel approaches to waste management should be developed. Insects have been proposed as efficient agents for biorefining waste, producing biomass that can be used for commercial products. However, challenges in achieving optimal outcomes and maximizing beneficial results remain. Microbial symbionts associated with insects are known to have a critical role in the development, fitness, and versatility of insects, and as such, they can be utilized as targets for the optimization of agri-food waste insect-based biorefinery systems. This review discusses insect-based biorefineries, focusing on the agricultural applications of edible insects, mainly as animal feed and organic fertilizers. We also describe the interplay between agri-food waste-utilizing insects and associated microbiota and the microbial contribution in enhancing insect growth, development, and involvement in organic waste bioconversion processes. The potential contribution of insect gut microbiota in eliminating pathogens, toxins, and pollutants and microbe-mediated approaches for enhancing insect growth and the bioconversion of organic waste are also discussed. The present review outlines the benefits of using insects in agri-food and organic waste biorefinery systems, describes the roles of insect-associated microbial symbionts in waste bioconversion processes, and highlights the potential of such biorefinery systems in addressing the current agri-food waste-related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz Mansour
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Inmyoung Park
- School of Food and Culinary Arts, Youngsan University, Bansong Beltway, Busan, 48015, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Weon Lee
- Department of SmartBio, Kyungsung University, Busan, 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
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Syahrulawal L, Torske MO, Sapkota R, Næss G, Khanal P. Improving the nutritional values of yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae as an animal feed ingredient: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:146. [PMID: 38042833 PMCID: PMC10693714 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow mealworm larvae (YML; Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linggawastu Syahrulawal
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, Steinkjer, 7713, Norway
| | - Magnhild Oust Torske
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, Steinkjer, 7713, Norway
| | - Rumakanta Sapkota
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
| | - Geir Næss
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, Steinkjer, 7713, Norway
| | - Prabhat Khanal
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, Steinkjer, 7713, Norway.
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Eraky M, Elsayed M, Qyyum MA, Ai P, Tawfik A. A new cutting-edge review on the bioremediation of anaerobic digestate for environmental applications and cleaner bioenergy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113708. [PMID: 35724728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circular agriculture and economy systems have recently emerged around the world. It is a long-term environmental strategy that promotes economic growth and food security while reducing negative environmental consequences. Anaerobic digestion (AD) process has a high contribution and effective biodegradation route for bio-wastes valorization and reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. However, the remaining massive digestate by-product contains non-fermented organic fractions, macro and/or micro-nutrients, heavy metals, and metalloids. Direct application of digestate in agriculture negatively affected the properties of the soil due to the high load of nutrients as well as the residuals of GHGs are emitted to the environment. Recycling and valorizing of anaerobic digestate is the main challenge for the sustainable biogas industry and nutrients recovery. To date, there is no global standard process for the safe digestate handling. This review described the biochemical composition and separation processes of anaerobic digestate. Further, advanced physical, chemical, and biological remediation's of the diverse digestate are comprehensively discussed. Moreover, recycling technologies such as phyco-remediation, bio-floc, and entomoremediation were reviewed as promising solutions to enhance energy and nutrient recovery, making the AD technology more sustainable with additional profits. Finally, this review gives an in-depth discussion of current biorefinery technologies, key roles of process parameters, and identifies challenges of nutrient recovery from digestate and prospects for future studies at large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Eraky
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Mahdy Elsayed
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Abdul Qyyum
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Ping Ai
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt.
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Li X, Zhou S, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Xiong Q. Directional Changes in the Intestinal Bacterial Community in Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) Larvae. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123475. [PMID: 34944253 PMCID: PMC8697953 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) have emerged as an efficient system for the bioconversion of organic waste. Intestinal microorganisms are involved in several insect functions, including the development, nutrition, and physiology of the host. In order to transform the intestinal bacterial community of BSF directionally, six different potential functional strains (Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudocitrobacter faecalis, Pseudocitrobacter anthropi, and Enterococcus faecalis) were added to aseptic food waste, and aseptic food waste was used without inoculants as a blank control to evaluate the changes in the intestinal microbiota of BSF under artificial intervention conditions. These six strains (which were isolated from the larval intestinal tract in selective media and then identified and screened) may be considered responsible for the functional characteristics of larvae. The results imply that the increase in the abundance of Lysinibacillus in the experimental group that was exposed to Lysinibacillus sphaericus was significantly different to the other groups (p < 0.05). The results revealed that it is feasible to transform the intestinal microbiota of BSF directionally; there are differences in the proliferation of different strains in the intestine of BSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfu Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shen Zhou
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China;
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qiang Xiong
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (X.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Hasnol S, Lim JW, Wong CY, Lam MK, Ntwampe SKO. Liminal presence of exo-microbes inoculating coconut endosperm waste to enhance black soldier fly larval protein and lipid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24574-24581. [PMID: 32350833 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic decomposition of coconut endosperm waste (CEW), residue derived from cooking, has been insidiously spewing greenhouse gasses. Thus, the bioconversion of CEW via in situ fermentation by exo-microbes from commercial Rid-X and subsequent valorization by black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) was the primary objective of the current study to gain sustainable larval lipid and protein. Accordingly, various concentrations of exo-microbes were separately homogenized with CEW to perform fermentation amidst feeding to BSFL. It was found that 2.50% of exo-microbes was the threshold amount entailed to assuage competition between exo-microbes and BSFL for common nutrients. The presence of remnant nutrients exuded from the fermentation using 2.50% of exo-microbes was confirmed to promote BSFL growth measured as maximum larval weight gained and growth rate. Although the BSFL could accumulate the highest protein (16 mg/larva) upon feeding with CEW containing 2.50% of exo-microbes, more lipid (13 mg/larva) was stored in employing 0.10% of exo-microbes because of minimum loss to metabolic processes while prolonging the BSFL in its 5th instar stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hasnol
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Chung Yiin Wong
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Seteno K O Ntwampe
- School of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, North-West University, Private Bag X1290, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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Li R, Wang J, Zhao J. Solid-state fermentation of ammoniated corn straw to produce feed protein and toxicological assessment of the product. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13895-13901. [PMID: 32036536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) of ammoniated corn straw was used to produce feed protein, followed by a toxicological assessment of the fermentation product. Results showed that through ammonification at 35 °C for 9 days and the subsequent SSF by the two fungi Penicillium sp. and Torula allii at 30 °C for 5 days, the contents of real protein and crude protein of the corn straw reached 29.66% and 35.41%, respectively. Toxicological assessment in mice showed that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) for micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (Mn-PCEs) and sperm abnormality between dose groups and the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) also showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) between tissues (heart, liver, spleen, stomach, kidney, and brain), which indicates that the fermentation product did not induce toxic effects and is safe to use as ruminant feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riqiang Li
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Jianxing Wang
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jixin Zhao
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi Province, China
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