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Fang K, Xu L, Yang M, Chen Q. One-step wet-process phosphoric acid by-product CaSO4 and its purification. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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2
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Li Q, Wu Q, Zhang T, Xiang P, Bao Z, Tu W, Li L, Wang Q. Phosphate mining activities affect crop rhizosphere fungal communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156196. [PMID: 35623536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate mining releases heavy metals into the surrounding environment. In this study, the effects of phosphate mining on rhizosphere soil fungi in surrounding crops, including Lactuca sativa var. angustata, Glycine max (L.) Merr., and Triticum aestivum L., were assessed. Phosphate mining significantly reduced the crop rhizosphere fungal diversity (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Fusarium and Epicoccum increased in mining rhizosphere soil compared with the baseline. Beta diversity analysis indicated that phosphate mining led to the differentiation of fungal community structure in plant rhizospheres. Guild analysis indicated that different plant rhizosphere fungi developed various guilds in response to phosphate mining stress. Nine fungi were isolated from soil samples, with solubilization index values ranging from 1.1 to 2.5. Two efficient phosphate solubilizers, Epicoccum nigrum and Fusarium verticillioides, were enriched in phosphate mining rhizosphere soil samples. The dissolution kinetics of inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity assay showed strong phosphorus dissolution ability of the isolated fungi. Penicillium aculeatum, Trichoderma harzianum, Chaetomium globosum, and F. verticillioides showed strong tolerance to multiple heavy metals. This study furthers our understanding of how rhizosphere fungal ecology is affected by phosphate mining and provides important resources for the remediation of phosphate mining soil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhijie Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenying Tu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiangfeng Wang
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Wang CQ, Xiong DM, Chen Y, Wu K, Tu MJ, Wang PX, Zhang ZJ, Zhou L. Characteristic pollutant purification analysis of modified phosphogypsum comprehensive utilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:67456-67465. [PMID: 36048392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The waste product phosphogypsum (PG) is produced in phosphoric acid production processes. Its storage requires large amounts of land resources and poses serious environmental risks. In this work, detailed experimental research was carried out to investigate the potential reuse of PG after calcination modification as a novel building material for cast-in-place concrete products. The calcination modification mechanism was studied, and the environmental risk assessment of modified PG was presented. The results showed that the calcination modification includes crystal phase transformation, removal of impurities, and modifying the pH value. The calcination was carried out at 280 °C for 5 h, where the resulting product was a pH value of 7.1, and the soluble fluorine and phosphorus removal rates reached up to 69.2% and 71.2%, respectively. These removal rates met the requirements of the China national standard Phosphogypsum (GB/T 23456-2018). To ensure the environmental safety, ecological risk assessment methods for determining the leaching toxicity of the modified PG were employed. The toxicity of Ba and P elements in the modified PG products was assessed, as well as the leaching toxicity concentrations of all particular heavy metals, which were found well below the limits set by the national standards. All the results presented strongly suggest that the 280 °C modified PG presented here has excellent application potential as a raw component in building materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Mianyang, 621010, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
- Chongqing Haopan Energy Saving Technology Co. Ltd., Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Hebang Building Materials Co. Ltd., Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - De-Ming Xiong
- School of Electronics and Internet of Things, Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing, 400000, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Chongqing Haopan Energy Saving Technology Co. Ltd., Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201804, China.
| | - Min-Jie Tu
- CSCEC Strait Construction and Development Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, 350015, China
| | - Pei-Xin Wang
- CSCEC Strait Construction and Development Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, 350015, China
| | - Zhao-Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Mianyang, 621010, China
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4
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Sun M, Sun Q, Zhang J, Sheng J. Surface modification of phosphogypsum and application in polyolefin composites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:66177-66190. [PMID: 35499722 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG) is one of solid wastes with large amount of yield and serious pollution, which has attracted wide attention. The aim of this study is to investigate filling performance of PG on polypropylene (PP) or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix. In this work, PG was calcined initially to improve whiteness and fix impurities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that after calcined at 500 °C, the PG phase changed from CaSO4·2H2O to CaSO4. The modification effects of the three modifiers were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), oil absorption value, water floatability, and contact angle analysis. The effects of weight fraction of PG in PP and HDPE matrix on mechanics and morphology were observed by tensile test, impact test, and scanning electron microscope. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that modified PG can be dispersed uniformly in the matrix at low filling content. With the increase of PG filling content, the analysis of mechanical properties showed that the tensile strength of HDPE matrix increased, while the tensile strength of PP matrix decreased gradually. The impact strength of HDPE matrix would decrease, but the impact strength of PP matrix increased first and then decreased. Compared with calcium carbonate (CC), the mechanical properties of HDPE filled with PG performed better. The apparent density showed that polymer composites filled with PG have the characteristics of light weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qing Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiawei Sheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Zhao R, Wang B, Theng BKG, Wu P, Liu F, Lee X, Chen M, Sun J. Fabrication and environmental applications of metal-containing solid waste/biochar composites: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149295. [PMID: 34388886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The resource utilization of industrial solid waste has become a hot issue worldwide. Composites of biochar with metal-containing solid wastes (MCSWs) can not only improve the adsorption performance, but also reduce the cost of modification and promote the recycling of waste resources. Thus, the synthesis and applications of biochar composites modified by MCSWs have been attracting increasing attention. However, different MCSWs may result in metal-containing solid waste/biochar composites (MCSW-BCs) with various physicochemical properties and adsorption performance, causing distinct adsorption mechanisms and applications. Although a lot of researches have been carried out, it is still in infancy. In particular, the explanation on the adsorption mechanisms and influencing factors of pollutant onto MCSW-BCs are not comprehensive and clear enough. Therefore, a systematic review on fabrication and potential environmental applications of different MCSW-BCs is highly needed. Here we summarize the recent advances on the utilization of typical metal-containing solid wastes, preparation of MCSW-BCs, adsorption mechanisms and influencing factors of pollutants by MCSW-BCs as well as their environmental applications. Finally, comments and perspectives for future studies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Benny K G Theng
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xinqing Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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6
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Wang B, Yang L, Luo T, Cao J. Study on the Kinetics of Hydration Transformation from Hemihydrate Phosphogypsum to Dihydrate Phosphogypsum in Simulated Wet Process Phosphoric Acid. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7342-7350. [PMID: 33778247 PMCID: PMC7992066 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The key technology of wet process phosphoric acid recrystallization is phosphogypsum phase transformation. In this study, the hydration of α-hemihydrate phosphogypsum (α-HH) to dihydrate phosphogypsum (DH) and the influence of process parameters on hydration kinetics are performed by modifying a dispersive kinetic model in the simulation of wet process phosphoric acid recrystallization. Results show that the modified dispersive kinetic model is very important in describing the entire kinetic process, indicating that α-HH-DH hydration includes induction of nucleation and growth restriction. The hydration rate of α-HH-DH substantially accelerates with the decrease of temperature and phosphoric acid concentration because the activation entropy of the reaction increases during the induction stage and the growth stage, which reduces the activation energy barrier. Moreover, the hydration rate of α-HH-DH considerably accelerates with the increase of SO4 2- ion concentration. Activation entropy increases in the induction stage, causing the activation energy barrier to decrease. Activation enthalpy increases in the growth stage, causing the activation energy barrier to decrease. The influence of process parameters on the rate of the α-HH-DH hydration reaction follows the order SO4 2- ion concentration > phosphoric acid concentration > temperature. Therefore, controlling the three parameters of temperature, phosphoric acid concentration, and SO4 2- ion concentration are important for improving the conversion rate of α-HH-DH and the purity of DH products in the production of wet process phosphoric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou
Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Utilization of Industrial
Waste, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou
Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Utilization of Industrial
Waste, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tong Luo
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou
Engineering Research Center for High Efficiency Utilization of Industrial
Waste, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical and Clean Energy Technology, Guiyang 550025, China
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7
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Szajerski P. Distribution of uranium and thorium chains radionuclides in different fractions of phosphogypsum grains. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:15856-15868. [PMID: 32095961 PMCID: PMC7190684 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work presents results obtained using gamma spectrometry measurements of phosphogypsum samples on a non-fractionated (native) and fractionated phosphogypsum byproduct. The phosphogypsum was divided into particles size fractions within the range of < 0.063, 0.063-0.090, 0.090-0.125, 0.125-0.250, and over 0.250 mm and analyzed after reaching radioactive equilibrium using high-resolution gamma spectrometry technique. It was found that there is no significant differentiation between 226Ra distribution among particular grain size fractions of this material; however, tendency for preferential retention of radionuclides in particular grain size fractions is observed. The detailed analysis of results revealed that radium is preferentially retained in smaller grain size fractions, whereas lead and thorium in coarse fractions. The results indicate that overall 226Ra activity concentrations between particular fractions of phosphogypsum vary globally between - 34 and + 47% regarding non-fractionated material, and for 210Pb activity concentration, fluctuations are found between - 26 up and + 38%. Presumably, the mechanism of radium incorporation into gypsum phase is based on a sequence of radium bearing sulfate phases formation followed by a surface adsorption of these phases on the calcium sulfate crystals, whereas for lead and thorium ions, rather incorporation into crystal lattice should be expected as more likelihood process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szajerski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590, Lodz, Poland.
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8
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Industrial Experiment of Goaf Filling Using the Filling Materials Based on Hemihydrate Phosphogypsum. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The surface stockpiling of phosphogypsum not only occupies a large amount of land, but also seriously harms the surrounding ecological environment. The preparation of phosphogypsum into filling materials for mine filling can not only maintain the stability of surrounding rock, reduce surface subsidence, enhance the recovery of resources, but it can also completely solve the problem of phosphogypsum stockpiling. Under certain activation conditions, hemihydrate phosphogypsum has a strong cementing property. It is an important way to reduce the filling cost by using hemihydrate phosphogypsum instead of cement as a cementing material. Through laboratory experiments, the filling materials based on hemihydrate phosphogypsum were developed. In order to further verify its feasibility in practical filling engineering, the industrial experiment of goaf filling was carried out in a phosphorus mine. The results show that the filling system was simple, reliable, and easy to operate and manage. The strength of the filling body basically reached the expected strength target of 2.5 MPa in 3 days. The consolidation speed of the filling materials was faster, which is beneficial to the safe underground construction of the mine. The results of the industrial experiment of goaf filling indicate that the filling materials based on hemihydrate phosphogypsum are suitable for mine filling engineering practice, the work amount is small, and the filling cost is low.
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