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Zhang J, Lu F, He X, Liao Y, Chen R, Xia R, Shang Y, Wang Q, Yu J. The adsorption of biogenetic odorants onto activated carbon: Adsorption characteristics and impacts of algal organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117072. [PMID: 37690627 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption is regarded as an efficient method for removing odorants from drinking water. However, in eutrophic aquatic environments, the presence of algal organic matter (AOM) produced by cyanobacteria considerably impedes the adsorption of odorous compounds by activated carbon. This study focused on investigating the adsorption characteristics of three representative odorants: 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), β-cyclocitral (β-cyclo), and butyl sulfide (BS) by PAC and the effects of AOM on the PAC adsorption of odorants. The removal of the three odorants reached 83.5-97.5% at a PAC dosage of 10 mg/L after 12 h of exposure in a competition-free scenario. The adsorption kinetics demonstrated higher conformity (R2 > 0.9) with the pseudo-second-order model, whereas the adsorption capacity exhibited stronger conformity (R2 > 0.9) with the Freundlich model. The presence of AOM resulted in varying levels of competition for PAC for the adsorption of the three odorants. As the concentration of AOM increased from 0 to 5 mg C/L, the removal of 2-MIB was the most affected (from 83.5% to 10.0%), followed by β-cyclo (from 86.6% to 55.0%), and BS (from 97.5% to 92.0%). The competitive adsorption of AOM at the molecular level was studied using density functional theory (DFT). The DFT results suggested that odorants with higher and more uniformly distributed electrostatic potentials exhibited a heightened affinity for PAC adsorption and a diminished susceptibility to disruption caused by AOM. This study provides valuable insights into the mitigation of odorous compounds during drinking water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Zhang
- Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction and Sustainable Urban-Rural Development in Beijing, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction and Sustainable Urban-Rural Development in Beijing, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao He
- Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction and Sustainable Urban-Rural Development in Beijing, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu Liao
- Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction and Sustainable Urban-Rural Development in Beijing, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Rumeng Chen
- Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction and Sustainable Urban-Rural Development in Beijing, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Rongjun Xia
- Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction and Sustainable Urban-Rural Development in Beijing, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yuchen Shang
- Beijing Climate Change Response Research and Education Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Conservation & Emission Reduction and Sustainable Urban-Rural Development in Beijing, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Wang Y, Yan X, Wang S, Gao S, Yang K, Zhang R, Zhang M, Wang M, Ren L, Yu J. Electronic nose application for detecting different odorants in source water: Possibility and scenario. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115677. [PMID: 36940815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The problem of taste and odor (T&O) in drinking water is a widespread societal concern and highlights substantial challenges related to the detection and evaluation of odor in water. In this study, the portable electronic nose PEN3, which is equipped with ten different heated metal sensors, was applied to analyze its applicability, feasibility and application scenarios for the detection of typical odorants, such as 2-methylisobornel (2-MIB), geosmin (GSM), β-cyclocitral, β-ionone, and other T&O compounds in source water, while avoiding uncertainties and instability related to manual inspection. All the T&O compounds could be effectively differentiated by principal component analysis (PCA). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showed that the odors varied greatly between different samples and could be effectively distinguished. As the odorant concentration increased, the sensor response intensity of the primary identification sensors R6 and R8 increased with a significant positive correlation. For Microcystis aeruginosa, an algae that produces odorants, PCA could distinguish the odors of algae at a series of densities at different concentrations. The responses of R10 showed a significant increase with increasing algae density, implying the production of more aliphatic hydrocarbons and other odor compounds. The results indicated that the electronic nose could provide a promising alternative to traditional unstable and complex detection methods for the detection of odorous substances in surface water and early warning of odor events. This study aimed to provide technical support for rapid monitoring and early warning of odorants in source water management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xinyu Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Song Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Kai Yang
- China MCC5 Group Corp. Ltd, Chengdu, 610023, China
| | - Ruolin Zhang
- Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Mengshu Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Moru Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lianhai Ren
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Zhang YL, Lin YL, Zhang TY, Lu YS, Zhou XY, Liu Z, Zheng ZX, Xu MY, Xu B. Degradation of odorous 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in chlorinated water by UV-LED/chlorination: kinetics and influence factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:44325-44336. [PMID: 36690857 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (2,4,6-TCA) has aroused a special concern for their odor problem and potential threats. In this study, the degradation of 2,4,6-TCA by UV/chlorination with different UV sources was compared, including low-pressure mercury lamp (LPUV, 254 nm) and ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED, 275 and 285 nm). The maximum removal of 2,4,6-TCA can be achieved by 275-nm UV-LED/chlorination in neutral and alkaline conditions which was 80.0%. The reaction, kinetics, and water matrix parameters on 2,4,6-TCA degradation were also evaluated. During UV-LED (275 nm)/chlorination, 2,4,6-TCA degradation was mainly caused by direct UV photolysis and indirect hydroxyl radical (HO·) oxidation, while reactive chlorine radicals (RCSs) had a negligible contribution. The second-order rate constant between HO· and 2,4,6-TCA was determined as 3.1 × 109 M-1 s-1. Increasing initial chlorine dosage and decreasing 2,4,6-TCA concentration or pH value significantly promoted 2,4,6-TCA degradation during UV/chlorination process. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) can inhibit 2,4,6-TCA degradation, while chloride ion (Cl-) had a negligible effect. The kinetic model for 2,4,6-TCA degradation was established and validated, and the degradation pathways were proposed based on the identified intermediates. Furthermore, UV-LED (275 nm)/chlorination also exhibited a promising effect on 2,4,6-TCA removal in real water, which can be used to control 2,4,6-TCA pollution and odor problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Li Lin
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 824, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Xiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Li G, Yuan X, Li P, Yu Y, Yang W, Zhao S. Reduction of Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling by the Pretreatment Removal of Emerging Pollutants: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13010077. [PMID: 36676884 PMCID: PMC9862110 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration (UF) processes exhibit high removal efficiencies for suspended solids and organic macromolecules, while UF membrane fouling is the biggest obstacle affecting the wide application of UF technology. To solve this problem, various pretreatment measures, including coagulation, adsorption, and advanced oxidation, for application prior to UF processes have been proposed and applied in actual water treatment processes. Previously, researchers mainly focused on the contribution of natural macromolecular pollutants to UF membrane fouling, while the mechanisms of the influence of emerging pollutants (EPs) in UF processes (such as antibiotics, microplastics, antibiotic resistance genes, etc.) on membrane fouling still need to be determined. This review introduces the removal efficiency and separation mechanism for EPs for pretreatments combined with UF membrane separation technology and evaluates the degree of membrane fouling based on the UF membrane's materials/pores and the structural characteristics of the cake layer. This paper shows that the current membrane separation process should be actively developed with the aim of overcoming specific problems in order to meet the technical requirements for the efficient separation of EPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Gaotian Li
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xingcheng Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Panpan Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yongfa Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Weihua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Kang J, Song GF, Liu SL, Song CQ, Gao X. Spectral characterization of the effect of gas-water ratio on dissolved organic nitrogen variation along a drinking water biological aerated filter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:65743-65751. [PMID: 34322795 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To improve the understanding of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) variation characteristics in a biological aerated filter (BAF) used for drinking water treatment, this study investigated the effects of gas-water ratios (0, 0.5:1, 2:1, and 10:1), a controlling factor of BAF operation, on DON characteristics. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiency in the BAF was consistent with DON concentration and increased as the gas-water ratio increased to a certain point, above which the increase gradually decreased. The optimal gas-water ratio in this study was considered to be 2:1 from the perspective of DOC removal and DON reduction. Use of fluorescence regional integration (FRI) and parallel factor (PARAFAC) model to analyze the effects of the gas-water ratio on the spectral characteristics of DON revealed that humic acid-like substances were not sensitive to the gas-water ratio, while protein-like substances were more sensitive. Increasing the gas-water ratio was beneficial to the reduction of biodegradable DON. Correlation analysis showed that the results obtained using FRI were consistent with those obtained using the PARAFAC model under different gas-water ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering and Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Governance in Henan Province, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Kaiyuan Environmental Protection (Group) Co.,Ltd., Xinyang, 465335, China.
| | - Gang-Fu Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering and Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Governance in Henan Province, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shu-Li Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering and Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Governance in Henan Province, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chu-Qiong Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering and Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Governance in Henan Province, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Chongqing Water Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400045, China
- Chongqing Sino French Environmental Protection Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400045, China
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