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Zhang J, Shen H, Chen Y, Meng J, Li J, He J, Guo P, Dai R, Zhang Y, Xu R, Wang J, Zheng S, Lei T, Shen G, Wang C, Ye J, Zhu L, Sun HZ, Fu TM, Yang X, Guan D, Tao S. Iron and Steel Industry Emissions: A Global Analysis of Trends and Drivers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16477-16488. [PMID: 37867432 PMCID: PMC10621597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The iron and steel industry (ISI) is important for socio-economic progress but emits greenhouse gases and air pollutants detrimental to climate and human health. Understanding its historical emission trends and drivers is crucial for future warming and pollution interventions. Here, we offer an exhaustive analysis of global ISI emissions over the past 60 years, forecasting up to 2050. We evaluate emissions of carbon dioxide and conventional and unconventional air pollutants, including heavy metals and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. Based on this newly established inventory, we dissect the determinants of past emission trends and future trajectories. Results show varied trends for different pollutants. Specifically, PM2.5 emissions decreased consistently during the period 1970 to 2000, attributed to adoption of advanced production technologies. Conversely, NOx and SO2 began declining recently due to stringent controls in major contributors such as China, a trend expected to persist. Currently, end-of-pipe abatement technologies are key to PM2.5 reduction, whereas process modifications are central to CO2 mitigation. Projections suggest that by 2050, developing nations (excluding China) will contribute 52-54% of global ISI PM2.5 emissions, a rise from 29% in 2019. Long-term emission curtailment will necessitate the innovation and widespread adoption of new production and abatement technologies in emerging economies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Zhang
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School
of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Meng
- The
Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, U.K.
| | - Jin Li
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinling He
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rong Dai
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhang
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruibin Xu
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinghang Wang
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuxiu Zheng
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyang Lei
- Department
of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhuai Ye
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haitong Zhe Sun
- Centre
for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1 EW, U.K.
| | - Tzung-May Fu
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department
of Earth System Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Guangdong
Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere
and Climate of the Greater Bay Area, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen
Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology
for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science
and Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College
of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute
of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Nie W, Liu C, Hua Y, Bao Q, Niu W, Jiang C. Study on PM diffusion and distribution of trackless rubber-tyred vehicle under different driving conditions in underground coal mining environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:99484-99500. [PMID: 37612555 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most harmful exhaust pollutants to human health. In this study, the PM diffusion and distribution emitted by trackless rubber-tyred vehicle under different driving conditions in coal mine were analyzed with numerical simulations and field measurements. The results show that when the vehicle velocity was constant, the PM concentration of the trackless rubber-tyred vehicle decreased with increasing distance from the exhaust pipe orifice. In addition, the proportion of PM with a concentration below 10 mg/m3 was the highest owing to the influences of diffusion and airflow dilution. However, when the diffusion distance is less than 3 m, the PM concentration far exceeds the occupational exposure limit (10 mg/m3). In this case, underground personnel should stay away from the area near and along the exhaust pipe as far as possible. With increasing vehicle velocity, the PM concentration gradient at a diffusion distance of 0-6 m showed the most significant slope. Besides, the concentration fluctuation of PM was the largest and relatively high when the diffusion distance was 5-15 m. Therefore, the area 15 m from the exhaust gas pipe opening of the trackless rubber-tyred vehicle should be controlled. In addition, the relative errors between the measured and numerical simulation results were mostly less than 10%, which proved that the numerical simulation results were reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Nie
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong Province, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Found By Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Chengyi Liu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Found By Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Yun Hua
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Found By Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Qiu Bao
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Found By Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Wenjin Niu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Found By Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Chenwang Jiang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Found By Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
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Li C, Liu G, Qin S, Zhu T, Song J, Xu W. Emission reduction of PCDD/Fs by flue gas recirculation and activated carbon in the iron ore sintering. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121520. [PMID: 36990339 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the main sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the environment is the sintering of iron ore. Both flue gas recirculation (FGR) and activated carbon (AC), which have the impact of decreasing both PCDD/Fs and conventional pollutants (NOx, SO2, etc.), are significant technologies for the abatement of PCDD/Fs from the sintering exhaust gas. This work involved the first measurement of PCDD/Fs emissions during FGR and a thorough analysis of the impact of PCDD/Fs reduction following the coupling of FGR and AC technologies. According to the measured data, the ratio of PCDFs to PCDDs in the sintered flue gas was 6.8, indicating that during the sintering process, the PCDD/Fs were primarily produced by de novo synthesis. Further investigation revealed that FGR initially removed 60.7% of PCDD/Fs by returning it to the high temperature bed, and AC further removed 95.2% of the remaining PCDD/Fs through physical adsorption. While AC is better at removing PCDFs and can efficiently remove tetra-to octa-chlorinated homologs, FGR is more effective at removing PCDDs and has higher removal efficiency for hexa-to octa-chlorinated PCDD/Fs. Together, they complement each other with a removal rate of 98.1%. The study's findings are instructional for the process design of combining FGR and AC technologies to reduce PCDD/Fs in the sintered flue gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O.Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Shuai Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianfei Song
- China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Wu Y, Fan X, Ji Z, Gan M, Zhou H, Li H, Chen X, Zhao Y, Zhang R, Lai R. Investigation on the application of by-product steam in iron ore sintering: performance and function mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62698-62709. [PMID: 35411520 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combustion-supporting effect of steam to coke breeze in sintering has the potential to improve sinter quality and reduce pollutants emissions. The results show that increasing the by-product steam injection concentration (0.32-0.47vol%) and prolonging the injection time (5 min) within a proper range (10-15 min) can improve sinter quality. 2.13kgce/t-sinter of the fuel consumption was decreased by reducing coke breeze usage from 5.60 to 5.45% under the recommended parameters, with 15.16% decrease of CO in sintering waste gas. By comparing experimental data with thermodynamic calculations, although the reaction between CO and steam can reduce CO emission and generate H2, steam tends to react with coke breeze to generate H2 and CO (react at 674℃), and OH radical produced by H2 which can reduce the activation energy of CO oxidation reaction is the key to reducing pollutant emissions. The potential economic benefit of steam injection technology was calculated based on a 360m2 sintering machine (the annual sinter output is 3.2million tons), excluding the equipment modification and steam injection cost of $300,000; a profit of $737491.2 per year or 0.23 dollars per ton sinter can be achieved. Therefore, low-carbon and cleaner iron ore sintering production can be realized through applying by-product steam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wu
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiyun Ji
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Min Gan
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Haoyu Zhou
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
- MCC Changtian International Engineering Co., Ltd, No. 7 Jieqing Road, Meixi Lake, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haorui Li
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuling Chen
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuanjie Zhao
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rongchang Zhang
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ruisi Lai
- School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
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Kong M, Zhang H, Wang Y, Liu Q, Liu W, Wu H. Deactivation mechanisms of MnO -CeO2/Ti-bearing blast furnace slag low-temperature SCR catalyst by PbO and PbCl2. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dong W, Zhou S, Qian F, Li Q, Tang G, Xiang T, Long H, Chun T, Lu J, Han Y. Low‐temperature silane coupling agent modified biomimetic micro/nanoscale roughness hierarchical structure superhydrophobic polyethylene terephthalate filter media. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction & Resources Recycling (Anhui University of Technology) Ministry of Education Ma'anshan Anhui China
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
- School of Metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Shian Zhou
- School of Energy and Environment Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Fuping Qian
- School of Energy and Environment Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Tengfei Xiang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Hong‐ming Long
- Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction & Resources Recycling (Anhui University of Technology) Ministry of Education Ma'anshan Anhui China
- School of Metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Tiejun Chun
- Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction & Resources Recycling (Anhui University of Technology) Ministry of Education Ma'anshan Anhui China
- School of Metallurgical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Jinli Lu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Yunlong Han
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
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Weng CH. Environmental concerns and pollution control in the context of developing countries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46085-46088. [PMID: 34264495 PMCID: PMC8280566 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
In the developing countries, the pace of change-in vital technologies, in scientific research, in economic fundamentals, in the living environment, and in pursuing quality of life-is accelerating every day, propelled by continuous changes in technology innovation, human activities, and the rapidly evolving demands of the COVID-19 pandemic. This special issue (SI) of Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR) collected 17 peer-reviewed articles relating to green buildings research, the impact of climate change on the extreme weather events, forward osmosis membranes for water reuse, the impacts of human activities to fragile water environments and economy, air pollution control and carbon emission reduction, risk assessment of pollution hazard and water resources, adsorption reaction of antibiotic pollution in subsurface, synthesized novel adsorptive materials in response to nitrogen and phosphorus, dye, and toluene pollution. All selected papers were relevance to the theme of this SI and formally presented at the 2020 5th International Conference on Advances in Energy and Environment Research (ICAEER 2020) on September 18th-20th, 2020, Shanghai, China. For the safety of the participants, ICAEER 2020 was held via online presentation because of the coronavirus pandemic sweeping across all over the world. As an annually held conference, the upcoming 6th ICAEER 2021 is scheduled held in Shanghai from September 10 to 12, 2021 ( http://www.icaeer.org/index.html ). The guest editor (GE) of this SI welcomes you all to participate in this conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Huang Weng
- Department of Civil Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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