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Nazar N, Kumaran AK, Athira AS, Sivadas M, Panda SK, Banerjee K, Chatterjee NS. Untargeted metabolomics reveals potential health risks associated with chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 2-Phenylphenol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169172. [PMID: 38101641 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals through foods of aquatic origin, at levels that are commonly found in the environment, can affect metabolic health and lead to metabolic diseases. One such chemical is 2-phenylphenol (2-PP), a suspected endocrine disruptor that is used extensively in agriculture and industry, and has become a widespread pollutant in aquatic environments. This study evaluated the risk of exposure to 2-PP through foods of aquatic origin from Vembanad Lake, using a Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and an untargeted metabolomics approach. The study found that 2-PP content was higher in samples from areas with intense industrial, tourism, and agricultural activities. The average concentration of 2-PP in fish, crustaceans, and mollusks from the Vembanad estuary ranged from 0.012 to 0.017 mg/kg. The mean concentration of 2-PP was used to assess the THQ of exposure to the coastal population. The results showed that the THQ value was <1, indicating a low to moderate health risk for both adults and children. Furthermore, an untargeted metabolomics approach using HPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS was used to study the metabolome changes associated with chronic exposure to 2-PP (at the environmentally relevant concentration) over 60 days in the Wistar albino rat model. The findings indicated significant alterations in the phospholipid, fatty acid, sterol lipid, and amino acid profiles, suggesting that chronic exposure to 2-PP at environmentally relevant concentrations could affect purine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Nazar
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., W. Island, Cochin 682029, India; Department of Chemical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682016, India
| | | | - A S Athira
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., W. Island, Cochin 682029, India
| | - Megha Sivadas
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., W. Island, Cochin 682029, India
| | - Satyen Kumar Panda
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., W. Island, Cochin 682029, India; Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, FDA Bhawan, Kotla Road, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Manjri Farm, Pune 412 307, India
| | - Niladri Sekhar Chatterjee
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O., W. Island, Cochin 682029, India.
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Godéré I, Gaertner JC, Dassié EP, Belamy T, Maihota N, Baudrimont M, Gaertner-Mazouni N. Metallic trace element contamination of the giant clam Tridacna maxima in French Polynesia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115639. [PMID: 37890431 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This study is a first assessment of Metallic Trace Elements (MTE) contamination of four lagoons in French Polynesia, chosen because their main anthropic uses are potential sources of MTE (military, agriculture, maritime). We used the giant clam Tridacna maxima as a biointegrator of fifteen MTE to assess the environmental footprint of human activities. The study of organotropism showed that not only the kidney but also the gonad and digestive system (GDS) are accumulator organs of interest for ETM biomonitoring. This result confirms that heterotrophic feeding is the pathway of ETM accumulation. Here, T. maxima appeared to be a super-accumulator of Ni (2700 ppm.dw), but also revealed at Tubuai (As, Fe, Mn) and Arutua (Cd, Zn) the environmental footprint of agricultural and maritime activities. The concentration of Cd recorded in Arutua (5 ppm.dw) both in KID and GDS, also underline the need for better control of effluents resulting from human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irène Godéré
- Université de Polynésie française, UMR EIO, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Jean-Claude Gaertner
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EIO 241, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | | | - Tiare Belamy
- Université de Polynésie française, UMR EIO, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Nicolas Maihota
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR EIO 241, Tahiti, French Polynesia
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Yap CK, Al-Mutairi KA. Lower Health Risks of Potentially Toxic Metals after Transplantation of Aquacultural Farmed Mussels from a Polluted Site to Unpolluted Sites: A Biomonitoring Study in the Straits of Johore. Foods 2023; 12:foods12101964. [PMID: 37238781 DOI: 10.3390/foods12101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present field-based study aimed to determine the levels of six potentially toxic metals (PTM)s (Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn determined using a flame atomic-absorption spectrophotometer) using transplanted green-lipped mussel Perna viridis from a polluted site at Kampung Pasir Puteh (KPP) to unpolluted sites at Kampung Sungai Melayu (KSM) and Sungai Belungkor (SB) in the Johore Straits (SOJ), and to estimate the human health risks of the PTMs after the depuration periods. Interestingly, after 10 weeks of depuration in the two unpolluted sites, there were 55.6-88.4% and 51.3-91.7% reductions of the six PTMs after transplantation from KPP to SB and KSM, respectively. Lower risks of health assessments were recorded and judged on the present findings of significantly (p < 0.05) lower levels of safety guidelines, significantly (p < 0.05) lower values of target hazard quotient, and significantly (p < 0.05) lower values of estimated weekly intake, of all the six PTMs after 10 weeks of depuration of the transplanted polluted mussels to the two unpolluted sites in the SOJ. Thus, further reducing the noncarcinogenic risks of the PTMs to the consumers. From an aquacultural point of view, this depuration technique can be recommended to reduce the health risks of PTMs to mussel consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Development of a depuration protocol for commercially important edible bivalve molluscs of India: Ensuring microbiological safety. Food Microbiol 2023; 110:104172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Anil P, Madhu NV, Vishal CR, Gopika P, Jyothi S, Arya KS, Gireeshkumar TR. Characterization of phytoplankton functional groups in a tropical shellfish harvesting estuary (Ashtamudi) and adjacent nearshore waters (southwest coast of India). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34553-34572. [PMID: 36515885 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A pioneering study on phytoplankton marker pigments, by adopting the HPLC-CHEMTAX analytical approach, was carried out in one of the major shellfish harvesting estuaries (Ashtamudi estuary-AE) on the southwest coast of India and also its adjacent nearshore waters (< 20 m depth) to study the dynamics of phytoplankton functional groups (PFGs). The AE, in general, appeared to be warm (> 29 °C) during the non-monsoon seasons, along with the prevalence of higher salinity (> 25) and NH4-N (> 5 µM) levels. However, during the summer monsoon (SM), the prevailing substantial river influx converted the AE into a low salinity (< 10) dominated system, provided with enhanced levels of NO3-N (4.6-12.6 µM) and PO4-P (0.2-1.4 µM), specifically on its upper reaches. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the AE was mainly comprised of ammonium (NH4-N), approximately up to ~ 81.8% of the DIN, regardless of seasons, which signifies the eutrophic state of the estuary, the upstream sampling locations, in particular. Concerning the phytoplankton community, a pronounced spatio-temporal variation in chlorophyll a biomass was discernible in the AE, with an exceptional increase (6.4-12.1 mg m-3) during the SIM period. The prevalence of a conspicuous increase in chlorophyll a (av. > 5 mg m-3) along with enhanced zeaxanthin (av. > 1.5 mg m-3) recorded in the AE during the non-monsoon (specifically SIM period) season apparently signified the characteristic governance of cyanobacterial community. During the SM period, the estuary sustained more or less similar concentrations of certain marker pigments, i.e. alloxanthin, zeaxanthin, fucoxanthin and chl b, which representing the co-occurrence of cryptophytes, cyanobacteria, diatoms and chlorophytes, respectively. In contrast, the nearshore waters, wherein enhanced nitrate (NO3-N) and phosphate (PO4-P) levels prevailed, irrespective of seasons, sustained dominance of fucoxanthin over other marker pigments, which indicated the numerical supremacy of diatoms. The CHEMTAX analysis, adopted for estimating the chlorophyll a equivalents of various PFGs, corroborated the supremacy of cyanobacterial derived chlorophyll a in the estuary, and it was conspicuous during the non-monsoonal seasonal periods. Even though the estuary has shown remarkable spatio-temporal hydrographic inconsistencies, that variability was not much operative in generating extreme changes in the nutrient components and subsequent phytoplankton community compositions. From the conspicuous increase in N:P and Si:P ratios, resulting mainly from the low levels of P, it can be concluded that the AE has been a P-limited system for phytoplankton growth (especially for large-sized phytoplankton, e.g. diatoms and dinoflagellates), mainly during the non-monsoonal seasonal periods. Perhaps, this P-limitation, along with the prevalence of warm water column and enhanced NH4-N levels, could be the potential causes of the preponderance of cyanobacterial populations in the AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peariya Anil
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Dr. Salim Ali Road, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | | | - Chazhikulam Rajan Vishal
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Dr. Salim Ali Road, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | - Ponnaratta Gopika
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Dr. Salim Ali Road, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | - Sukumaran Jyothi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Dr. Salim Ali Road, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
| | - Kanneth Satheesan Arya
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Dr. Salim Ali Road, Kochi, 682018, Kerala, India
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Anagha B, Athira PS, Anisha P, Charles PE, Anandkumar A, Rajaram R. Biomonitoring of heavy metals accumulation in molluscs and echinoderms collected from southern coastal India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114169. [PMID: 36201985 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of five heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in molluscan and echinoderm species collected from Kerala and Gulf of Mannar in Southern India is presented. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine metal concentrations. Concentrations of metals showed a descending order of Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Cr. Zn and Cu might have originated from both natural and man-made sources. However, Cd, Cr, and Pb could have strong anthropogenic influences such as harbour activities and untreated industrial and agricultural runoff. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) value of Cd in two edible bivalves from Munambam is slightly greater than one. Regular consumption of Cd-loaded shellfish can cause serious health hazards and concerns to humans. BAF results showed that Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd were more bioaccumulated and beyond the threshold limits in certain species. It is evident that consumption of shellfish from the Kerala coastal waters may have adverse health impacts to the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Anagha
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Pulickal Santhosh Athira
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Pyary Anisha
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Partheeban Emmanuel Charles
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Arumugam Anandkumar
- Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Rajendran Rajaram
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India.
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Chinnadurai S, Elavarasan K, Geethalakshmi V, Kripa V, Mohamed KS. Temperature, salinity and body-size influences depuration of heavy metals in commercially important edible bivalve molluscs of India. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135879. [PMID: 35926743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature, salinity and body-size on depuration of naturally accumulated heavy metals in clams, mussels and oysters harvested from Ashtamudi and Vembanad estuaries of Kerala, India were investigated using a static depuration system. Before depuration, the concentrations of heavy metals such as Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb and Zn were analysed and it was found that the Fe, Zn, Cu and Pb contents in all the three bivalve molluscs were above the prescribed limit which poses a significant health risk to bivalve consumers. To protect consumer food safety, depuration experiments were conducted at varying temperatures, salinities and body-sizes. The clams, mussels and oysters depurated under the room temperature depuration system (RTDS) showed a better reduction of heavy metals compared with low-temperature depuration system (LTDS). ANOVA showed clams and mussels depurated at RTDS significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the heavy metals than LTDS. However, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in oysters between RTDS and LTDS. Further, clams and mussels depurated at low salinity (15-psμ) showed high resistance against Pb reduction. But, all the heavy metals, particularly, Pb, Fe, Zn and Cu were effectively removed at higher salinity depuration (25-psμ and 35-psμ). Moreover, irrespective of the body-size of clams, mussels and oysters used for depuration, a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in all metals (Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cu) was observed. Relatively, the medium-size bivalves showed higher reductions compared to small-size bivalves. Based on the experiments conducted, we recommend 48 h depuration using the static system under room temperature (30 ± 1 °C) with a salinity range of (25-35 psμ) using medium-size bivalves (clam>30 mm; mussel >45 mm, and oyster >65 mm length) as optimum conditions for producing safe bivalves for consumption in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chinnadurai
- Molluscan Fisheries Division, ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Kochi, Kerala State, 682018, India; ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala State, 682029, India; Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka State, India.
| | - K Elavarasan
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala State, 682029, India
| | - V Geethalakshmi
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala State, 682029, India
| | - V Kripa
- Molluscan Fisheries Division, ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Kochi, Kerala State, 682018, India
| | - K S Mohamed
- Molluscan Fisheries Division, ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Kochi, Kerala State, 682018, India
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