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Sain A, Gaur A, Somani P, Balotiya G. Bambusa balcooa bamboo-reinforced concrete beams: experimental and FEM investigation for energy-efficient pavement construction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33661-8. [PMID: 38795293 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the viability of using Bambusa bambos, sourced from Madhya Pradesh, India, as a reinforcement material in continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) construction, aiming to assess its potential as a sustainable alternative to traditional steel reinforcement. The research encompasses a comprehensive evaluation of physical and mechanical properties, including tensile, compressive, and bending strengths, and a detailed microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of Bambusa bambos. The study involved finite element analyses that modeled bamboo-reinforced concrete (BRC) beams, exploring the impact of horizontal and vertical placements of bamboo strips on flexural behavior under bending loads. The analysis aided in observing compressive and tensile stresses generated in concrete and bamboo, with specific FEA results indicating that beams with vertically aligned bamboo strips in both the compression (compressive stress of 16.90 MPa for beam B1) and tension zones (tensile stress of 7.22 MPa for beam B1) withstand flexural stresses effectively. Additionally, the multi-criteria decision-making approach using the TOPSIS method to rank different beam designs. Key findings obtained from FEA indicate that the vertical alignment of bamboo strips in both the compression and tension zones of the beams is optimally effective in handling flexural stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sain
- Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Arun Gaur
- Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, 302017, Jaipur, India.
| | - Prakash Somani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Ghanshyam Balotiya
- Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, 302017, Jaipur, India
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Abbas R, Abdelzaher MA, Shehata N, Tantawy MA. Production, characterization and performance of green geopolymer modified with industrial by-products. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5104. [PMID: 38429487 PMCID: PMC10907711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Industrial by-products; have received a lot of attention as a possible precursor for cement and/or concrete production for a more environmentally and economically sound use of raw materials and energy sources. Geopolymer is a potentially useful porous material for OPC binder applications. The use of industrial wastes to produce a greener geopolymer is one area of fascinating research. In this work, geopolymer pastes were developed using alkali liquid as an activator and metakaolin (MK), alumina powder (AP), silica fume (SF), and cement kin dust (CKD) as industrial by-products. Several geopolymer samples have been developed. Research has been carried out on its processing and related physical and mechanical properties through deep microstructure investigation. The samples were cured in water by immersion with relative humidity (95 ± 5%), and at room temperature (~ 19-23 °C) prior to being tested for its workability and durability. The effect of the different composition of precursors on water absorption, density, porosity, and the compressive strength of the prepared geopolymers have been investigated. The results showed that the compressive strength of geopolymers at 28 days of curing is directly proportional to the ratio of the alkali liquid. Ultimately, the best geopolymer paste mixture (GPD1 and GPD2), was confirmed to contain (15% of CKD + 85% MK and Alumina solution (55 wt%)) and (25% of CKD + 75% MK + Alumina solution (55 wt%)) respectively, with 73% desirability for maximum water absorption (~ 44%) and compressive strength (4.9 MPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan Abbas
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - M A Abdelzaher
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Nabila Shehata
- Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - M A Tantawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Hattaf R, Aboulayt A, Lahlou N, Touhami MO, Gomina M, Samdi A, Moussa R. Effect of phosphogypsum adding on setting kinetics and mechanical strength of geopolymers based on metakaolin or fly ash matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27861-x. [PMID: 37291350 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our study aims to highlight the effects of the addition of phosphogypsum on certain fresh and hardened characteristics of geopolymer matrices based on metakaolin or fly ash. In the fresh state, workability and setting were studied by rheology and by the electrical conductivity measurement. The hardened state was characterized by XRD, DTA, SEM, and compressive strength measurement. Workability investigations reveal that the addition of phosphogypsum increases the viscosity, which limited the phosphogypsum addition rate to 15 wt% for metakaolin-based matrices and 12 wt% for fly ash-based matrices, with a setting retarding effect in both cases. Analyses of the matrices show dissolution of gypsum along with formation of sodium sulfate and calcium silicate hydrate. Moreover, the introduction of phosphogypsum to these matrices up to a mass rate of 6% has no significant effect on the mechanical strength. Beyond that rate, the compressive strength drops from a value of 55 MPa for the matrices without addition down to 35 MPa and 25 MPa when the addition rate is 12 wt% for the metakaolin-based and fly ash-based matrix, respectively. This degradation seems to be due to the increase in porosity created by addition of phosphogypsum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabii Hattaf
- Laboratory of Interface Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, University Hassan II Casablanca, 53306, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | | | - Nouha Lahlou
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, University Hassan II Casablanca, 53306, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ouazzani Touhami
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, University Hassan II Casablanca, 53306, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Moussa Gomina
- CRISMAT UMR6508 CNRS, ENSICAEN, 6 boulevard Maréchal Juin, CEDEX 4, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Azzeddine Samdi
- Laboratory of Interface Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, University Hassan II Casablanca, 53306, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Redouane Moussa
- Laboratory of Interface Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, University Hassan II Casablanca, 53306, Casablanca, Morocco
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Matsimbe J, Dinka M, Olukanni D, Musonda I. Geopolymer: A Systematic Review of Methodologies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15196852. [PMID: 36234194 PMCID: PMC9571997 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The geopolymer concept has gained wide international attention during the last two decades and is now seen as a potential alternative to ordinary Portland cement; however, before full implementation in the national and international standards, the geopolymer concept requires clarity on the commonly used definitions and mix design methodologies. The lack of a common definition and methodology has led to inconsistency and confusion across disciplines. This review aims to clarify the most existing geopolymer definitions and the diverse procedures on geopolymer methodologies to attain a good understanding of both the unary and binary geopolymer systems. This review puts into perspective the most crucial facets to facilitate the sustainable development and adoption of geopolymer design standards. A systematic review protocol was developed based on the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist and applied to the Scopus database to retrieve articles. Geopolymer is a product of a polycondensation reaction that yields a three-dimensional tecto-aluminosilicate matrix. Compared to unary geopolymer systems, binary geopolymer systems contain complex hydrated gel structures and polymerized networks that influence workability, strength, and durability. The optimum utilization of high calcium industrial by-products such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, Class-C fly ash, and phosphogypsum in unary or binary geopolymer systems give C-S-H or C-A-S-H gels with dense polymerized networks that enhance strength gains and setting times. As there is no geopolymer mix design standard, most geopolymer mix designs apply the trial-and-error approach, and a few apply the Taguchi approach, particle packing fraction method, and response surface methodology. The adopted mix designs require the optimization of certain mixture variables whilst keeping constant other nominal material factors. The production of NaOH gives less CO2 emission compared to Na2SiO3, which requires higher calcination temperatures for Na2CO3 and SiO2. However, their usage is considered unsustainable due to their caustic nature, high energy demand, and cost. Besides the blending of fly ash with other industrial by-products, phosphogypsum also has the potential for use as an ingredient in blended geopolymer systems. The parameters identified in this review can help foster the robust adoption of geopolymer as a potential "go-to" alternative to ordinary Portland cement for construction. Furthermore, the proposed future research areas will help address the various innovation gaps observed in current literature with a view of the environment and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabulani Matsimbe
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
- Centre for Applied Research and Innovation in the Built Environment (CARINBE), Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
- Department of Mining Engineering, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, P/Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Megersa Dinka
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - David Olukanni
- Department of Civil Engineering, Covenant University, 10 Idiroko Road, Ota 112104, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Innocent Musonda
- Centre for Applied Research and Innovation in the Built Environment (CARINBE), Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
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