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Faisal M, You ZJ, Buttar NA, Idrees MB, Naeem M, Ali S, Ali B, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF. Assessing Metal Exposure and Leaching from Discarded Cigarette Butts: Environmental Analysis and Integrated Waste Management Approaches. TOXICS 2024; 12:324. [PMID: 38787103 PMCID: PMC11125821 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette butts, often discarded as litter, are considered a common form of waste, containing a variety of pollutants within this hazardous residue. This study, which was designed to assess the environmental release of certain metals from cigarette butts, investigates a variety of scenarios under varying climatic conditions. Thus, in order to assess the level of metal contamination, samples of cigarette butts were collected in urban areas from seven popular brands in China, smoked artificially, and examined through graphite furnace atomic absorption (GF-AAS). The findings indicated mean concentrations of 1.77 for Cr, 2.88 for Ni, 12.93 for Cu, 24.25 for Zn, and 1.77 µg/g for Pb in the case of newly smoked butts. The emission of each of the metals increases to 8-10% when cigarette butts remain in the environment for an extended period of time. Furthermore, rainfall can accelerate metal leaching, reaching values of 18-20% compared to the controlled scenario. The worst-case scenario releases 2129.31 kg/year of metals into the environment, while the best-case scenario sees a lower release of 844.97 kg/year. The data reflect variations in metal emissions across different scenarios. There was also a strong correlation between cigarette butts in public spaces and cities. This research highlights the need to educate smokers and increase urban maintenance efficiency to reduce this litter and the metals it leaches into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal
- Centre for Ports and Maritime Safety, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;
| | - Zai-Jin You
- Centre for Ports and Maritime Safety, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;
| | - Noman Ali Buttar
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Bilal Idrees
- Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Shoaib Ali
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China;
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan;
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Öner F, Mazlumoğlu MR, Kurt O, Kurt N, Ücüncü H. Quantification of Heavy Metals in the Nasal Turbines of Smokers and Nonsmokers. Laryngoscope 2024. [PMID: 38529719 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cigarette smoke is known to contain toxic heavy metals. In this study, heavy metal levels in the nasal turbinate tissues of smokers and nonsmokers were measured and compared with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). METHODS Forty patients who come to the Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic due to nasal obstruction and are given an appointment for partial turbinate reduction operation due to inferior turbinate hypertrophy, according to their smoking status, were divided into two groups: those who had smoked one pack/day for at least 10 years and those who had never smoked. The levels of heavy metals (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, Hg, Ni, Se, and Ag) were compared by ICP-MS in nasal turbinate tissues. RESULTS Al (p = 0.002), Cr (p < 0.001), Co (p < 0.001), Ni (p = 0.001), Cu (p < 0.001), As (p < 0.001), Se (p < 0.001), Ag (p < 0.001), Cd (p = 0.001), Ba (p = 0.008), Hg (p < 0.001), and Pb (p < 0.001) values in the smoker group were found to be significantly higher than the values of nonsmokers. Although the Mn level was high in smokers, no significant difference was observed (p = 0.299). CONCLUSIONS Smoking can cause nasal and sinus problems. In this study, we observed that the smoking group had significantly higher levels of almost all the heavy metals investigated in the nasal turbinate tissues. As smoking damages, the mucociliary system and the mucosa, heavy metals from cigarettes may accumulate further and cause harm to the nasal tissues. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3 Laryngoscope, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Öner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | | | - Osman Kurt
- Public Health, Adıyaman Provincial Health Directorate, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Kurt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Harun Ücüncü
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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Faisal M, You ZJ, Akram MZ, Ali S. Quantifying the influence of urban road surface roughness on heavy metals pollution in road-deposited sediment's accumulation and wash-off. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2594-2610. [PMID: 38017680 PMCID: wst_2023_338 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Surface roughness is an important factor to consider when evaluating the loads of surface runoff caused by road-deposited sediment (RDS) wash-off and creating management solutions for this occurrence in metropolitan areas. Nevertheless, the implications of surface roughness on RDS development and escape remain unclear due to a paucity of experimental evidence distinguishing the significance of surface roughness. This research aimed to differentiate the impact of surface roughness on RDS accumulation and wash-off by employing paired asphalt, rainfall simulation designs, and concrete road surfaces. Our findings indicated that normal asphalt surfaces are typically rougher than typical concrete surfaces because they frequently contain deeper depressions. Compared to concrete surfaces, asphalt surfaces typically retain more RDS, a higher proportion of coarse aggregates, more RDS wash-off loads, and a lower proportion of wash-off. Surface roughness has varying impacts on the RDS motilities of particulates of varying sizes during rainy runoff; nevertheless, the settleable particles (40-150 μm) were more noticeably impacted by it. The first flush effect also seemed to be more pronounced on surfaces with lower roughness. Hence, surface roughness has a significant impact on how RDS builds on and is washed off of various road aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal
- Centre for Ports and Maritime Safety, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China; College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China E-mail:
| | - Zai-Jin You
- Centre for Ports and Maritime Safety, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China
| | - M Zuhaib Akram
- Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China
| | - Shoaib Ali
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518005, China
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Das M, Proshad R, Chandra K, Islam M, Abdullah Al M, Baroi A, Idris AM. Heavy metals contamination, receptor model-based sources identification, sources-specific ecological and health risks in road dust of a highly developed city. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8633-8662. [PMID: 37682507 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study quantified Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, As, Zn, and Fe levels in road dust collected from a variety of sites in Tangail, Bangladesh. The goal of this study was to use a matrix factorization model to identify the specific origin of these components and to evaluate the ecological and health hazards associated with each potential origin. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, As, Zn, Cd, and Fe. The average concentrations of these elements were found to be 30.77 ± 8.80, 25.17 ± 6.78, 39.49 ± 12.53, 28.74 ± 7.84, 1.90 ± 0.79, 158.30 ± 28.25, 2.42 ± 0.69, and 18,185.53 ± 4215.61 mg/kg, respectively. Compared to the top continental crust, the mean values of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd were 1.09, 1.69, 2.36, and 26.88 times higher, respectively. According to the Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI), pollution load index (PLI), Nemerow integrated risk index (NIRI), and potential ecological risk (PER), 84%, 42%, 30%, and 16% of sampling areas, respectively, which possessed severe contamination. PMF model revealed that Cu (43%), Fe (69.3%), and Cd (69.2%) were mainly released from mixed sources, natural sources, and traffic emission, respectively. Traffic emission posed high and moderate risks for modified NIRI and potential ecological risks. The calculated PMF model-based health hazards indicated that the cancer risk value for traffic emission, natural, and mixed sources had been greater than (1.0E-04), indicating probable cancer risks and that traffic emission posed 38% risk to adult males where 37% for both adult females and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Das
- Department of Zoology, Government Saadat College, Tangail, 1903, Bangladesh
| | - Ram Proshad
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Krishno Chandra
- Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Maksudul Islam
- Department of Environmental Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Mamun Abdullah Al
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Artho Baroi
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Faisal M, Wu Z, Wang H, Lin X, Hussain Z, Azam MI. Potential Heavy Metals Pollution Contribution from Wash-Off of Urban Road-Dust. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070397. [PMID: 35878302 PMCID: PMC9319572 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Based on the different particle sizes of street dust, the potential pollution load of heavy metals from dry and wet atmospheric deposition to surface runoff in different functional areas of Zhengzhou city was estimated by using the rain-scour heavy metal index model. Compared to the EA, IA, and CA areas, RA and PA have a higher potential contribution to heavy metal runoff pollution from Road deposited sediments (RDS) than the other watersheds. Zhengzhou utilized the RDS index model to calculate pollution loads in various areas around Zhengzhou (EA, IA, CA, PA, and RA). In the different land-use areas, the RDS indices for pollutant load (RDSindex,load) and pollutant strength (RDSindex,strength) varied greatly, and the RDS index strength values increased. RDSindex,load fell in the following order: IA > RA > PA > EA. Because the RDS index incorporates RDS characteristics such as the amount of RDS, grain sizes present, RDS mobility, and associated metals, the RDSindex,load and RDSindex,strength results did not merely match variability in the amounts of RDS found or metal concentrations in the RDS in various land-use areas. Metal’s presence in the dust is a direct health risk for humans and warrants immediate and effective pollution control and prevention measures in the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal
- College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.F.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zening Wu
- College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.F.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.F.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.F.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zafar Hussain
- College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.F.); (Z.W.); (H.W.); (Z.H.)
- Water Resources Section, Ministry of Planning, Development & Special Initiatives, Islamabad 44020, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Azam
- Hydropower and Water Resources Section, Zeeruk International (PVT), Islamabad 44020, Pakistan;
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