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Janardhana K, Sowmya Dhanalakshmi C, Thilagham KT, Chinnaiyan SK, Jai Shanker Pillai HP, Sathish T, Ağbulut Ü, Palani K, De Poures MV. Experimental investigation on utilization of Sesbania grandiflora residues through thermochemical conversion process for the production of value added chemicals and biofuels. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7283. [PMID: 38538627 PMCID: PMC10973372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
All the countries in the world are now searching for renewable, environmentally friendly alternative fuels due to the shortage and environmental problems related with the usage of conventional fuels. The cultivation of cereal and noncereal crops through agricultural activities produces waste biomasses, which are being evaluated as renewable and viable fossil fuel substitutes. The thermochemical properties and thermal degradation behavior of Sesbania grandiflora residues were investigated for this work. A fluidized bed reactor was used for fast pyrolysis in order to produce pyrolysis oil, char and gas. Investigations were done to analyze the effect of operating parameters such as temperature (350-550 °C), particle size (0.5-2.0 mm), sweeping gas flow rate (1.5-2.25 m3/h). The maximum of pyrolysis oil (44.7 wt%), was obtained at 425 °C for 1.5 mm particle size at the sweep gas flow rate of 2.0 m3/h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were used to examine the composition of the pyrolysis oil. The pyrolysis oil is rich with aliphatic, aromatic, phenolic, and some acidic chemicals. The physical characteristics of pyrolysis oil showed higher heating value of 19.76 MJ/kg. The char and gaseous components were also analyzed to find its suitability as a fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedri Janardhana
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Dayalbagh, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, 282005, India
| | - C Sowmya Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641035, India
| | - K T Thilagham
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | - Santhosh Kumar Chinnaiyan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Eachaanari, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India
| | - H P Jai Shanker Pillai
- Department of Microbiology, Assam Downtown University, Panikahiti, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India
| | - T Sathish
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ümit Ağbulut
- Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Kumaran Palani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wolaito Sodo University, P. O. Box No. 138, Soddo, Ethiopia.
| | - Melvin Victor De Poures
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hasan MM, Rasul MG, Jahirul MI, Sattar MA. An Aspen plus process simulation model for exploring the feasibility and profitability of pyrolysis process for plastic waste management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120557. [PMID: 38460332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Plastics, integral to various human activities, have led to a surge in production, posing substantial challenges in waste management. The persistent non-biodegradability of plastics, taking over a century to decompose, necessitates exploration into technologies for their conversion into sustainable fuels. Pyrolysis, an oxygen-free thermal decomposition process, emerges as a promising avenue for producing liquid fuels from plastic waste. This study's primary objective is to create and validate an Aspen Plus simulation model, enabling techno-economic evaluation and sensitivity analysis of pyrolysis for converting waste plastics into liquid fuels. Critical parameters-temperature, retention time, and particle size-are examined for their impact on product yield and quality. The methodology involves model development, validation, and subsequent simulations with various waste plastic types under different pyrolysis conditions. Experimental investigation using waste high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in an auger reactor yielded an oil yield of 61.29%, char yield of 10.98%, and syngas yield of 27.73% at 525 °C. Post-validation against this data, the model explored four plastic types, revealing significant influences of plastic type and reactor temperature on product yields. Polystyrene (PS) at 500 °C produced the highest oil content at 83.69%, with temperature affecting yield before secondary cracking. Techno-economic evaluation for a pyrolysis plant processing 10,000 tons of waste HDPE annually indicated a minimum selling price (MSP) of $302.50/ton, a net present value (NPV) of $12,594,659.7, and a 1.03-year payback period. This study provides crucial insights for designing an economically viable and sustainable pyrolysis process, guiding further research and industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hasan
- Fuel and Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4701, Australia.
| | - M G Rasul
- Fuel and Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4701, Australia
| | - M I Jahirul
- Fuel and Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4701, Australia
| | - M A Sattar
- Fuel and Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, 4701, Australia; Engineering School, Chisholm Institute, 121 Stud Road, Dandenong, Victoria, 3175, Australia
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Zhao W, Zhang Y, Cui L, Fu W, Liu W. Energy and exergy performances of low-density polyethylene plastic particles assisted by microwave heating. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-31980-4. [PMID: 38285264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Plastic waste can exist naturally for hundreds of thousands of years and harm humans, animals, and the environment. In this study, the energy and exergy performances (absorbed energy, energy efficiency, absorbed exergy, and exergy efficiency) of LDPE (low-density polyethylene) plastic particles assisted by microwave heating based on the experimental data as affected by microwave power, feeding load, and chamber volume were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that as the microwave power raised from 500 to 900 W, the feeding load changed from 10 to 30 g, and the chamber volume decreased from 200 to 100 ml, (a) the absorbed energy at the heating time of 60 min increased from 19.73 kJ, 5.84 kJ, and 22.71 kJ to 37.69 kJ; (b) the energy efficiency for the whole heating process increased from 1.10%, 0.32%, and 1.26% to 2.09%; (c) the absorbed exergy at the heating time of 60 min increased from 0.308, 0.091, and 0.091 to 0.724 kJ; and (d) the exergy efficiency for the whole heating process increased from 0.017, 0.005, and 0.023 to 0.040%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Zhao
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yaning Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Longfei Cui
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wenming Fu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Heilongjiang Institute of Energy and Environment, Harbin, 150007, China
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Co-pyrolysis Characteristics and Synergistic Interaction of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate and Woody Biomass towards Bio-Oil Production. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3699076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the impacts of co-pyrolyzing wood-based biomass from Ficus benghalensis with PET on liquid oil output, reactivity, and heating values were investigated. The effects of temperature on the product distribution of individual pyrolysis and the biomass-plastic ratio on co-pyrolysis were investigated. For individual pyrolysis, a maximum amount of 40.8 wt (%) liquid oil was obtained from biomass at 450°C. On the other hand, a maximum of 59.5 wt (%) liquid oil was obtained from PET at 500°C. The co-pyrolysis experiments were conducted by blending PET with biomass at different percentages, such as 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. At 60% addition of PET, a more positive synergistic effect was identified due to radical secondary reactions. In addition, the physical and chemical characterization studies conducted on pyrolysis oil showed that biomass and plastic materials could be used to make valuable chemicals.
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