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Yang Y, Zu S, Zhang L, Liu Y, Jin J, Du Z. Removal of sodium perfluorononyloxybenzenesulfonate (OBS) as an emerging PFAS contaminant from aquatic environments by magnetic ultrafine hydrotalcite adsorption-CPAM coagulation technique: Combined performance and mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2025; 283:123792. [PMID: 40349599 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2025] [Revised: 04/11/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
The demand for effective remediation of aqueous per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), especially emerging PFAS, has constantly increased over the last few years. Although adsorption and coagulation are well-established techniques for PFAS remediation, adsorption reaction requires a long equilibrium time; coagulation performance deteriorates when PFAS concentration becomes lower. To address the challenges, an integrated approach which synergistically combined adsorption and coagulation was proposed in this study, using perfluorononenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS) as the target emerging PFAS to evaluate performance. Ultrafine magnetic hydrotalcite (Fe3O4@LDHs), synthesized via a simple ball-milling process, served as the adsorbent in this approach. Such ultrafine material not only enhanced floc formation during coagulation but also showed rapid OBS adsorption via anion exchange. Cationic Polyacrylamide (CPAM) as the optimal coagulant contributed to OBS removal through electrostatic attraction driven by [R4N+] groups and hydrophobic interactions involving its alkyl chains. Under optimal dosage of CPAM (25 mg·L-1) and Fe3O4@LDHs (50 mg·L-1), the combined magnetic coagulation process achieved 99.89 % of OBS removal within 30 mins. Such combined method still showed effective performance in the presence of hydrocarbon organic competitors, achieving above 90 % removal of OBS from firefighting training wastewater with an acceptable dosing increase. The adsorption-coagulation technique provides a promising and fast solution for treating PFAS wastewater, such as firefighting and industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; China Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siyi Zu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; China Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; China Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; China Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ziwen Du
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; China Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang D, Yan L, Zhao J, Li BL. Optimization of Quartz Sand-Enhanced Coagulation for Sewage Treatment by Response Surface Methodology. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3482. [PMID: 39063774 PMCID: PMC11278384 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The quartz sand-enhanced coagulation (QSEC) is an improved coagulation method for treating water, which uses quartz sand as a heavy medium to accelerate the sedimentation rate of flocs and reduce the sedimentation time. The factors that influence the QSEC effect and can be controlled manually include the quartz sand dosage, coagulant dosage, sewage pH, stirring time, settling time, etc., and their reasonable setting is critical to the result of water treatment. This paper aimed to study the optimal conditions of QSEC; first, single-factor tests were conducted to explore the optimal range of influencing factors, followed by response surface methodology (RSM) tests to accurately determine the optimum values of significant factors. The results show that the addition of quartz sand did not improve the water quality of the coagulation treatment, it took only 140 s for the floc to sink to the bottom, and the sediment volume only accounted for 12.2% of the total sewage. The quartz sand dosage, the coagulant dosage, and sewage pH all had a significant impact on the coagulation effect, and resulted in inflection points. A QSEC-guiding model was derived through RSM tests, and subsequent model optimization and experimental validation revealed the optimal conditions for treating domestic sewage as follows: the polyaluminum chloride (PAC) dosage, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) dosage, the sewage pH, quartz sand dosage, stirring time, and settling time were 0.97 g/L, 2.25 mg/L, 7.22, 2 g/L, 5 min, and 30 min, respectively, and the turbidity of the treated sewage was reduced to 1.15 NTU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengan Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Yepu Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Yongzhi Liu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Dayang Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Lu Yan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China;
| | - Bailian Larry Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Watershed Ecological Security in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (D.W.); (L.Y.); (B.L.L.)
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Wei Z, Long W, Li S, Zhao Y, Yu S, Zhou F. Preparation of Cationic Polyacrylamide Suspension and Its Application in Oilfield Wastewater Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:151. [PMID: 38201816 PMCID: PMC10780631 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) solid particle is one of the most commonly used organic polymer flocculants in oilfield wastewater treatment, but it poses some problems, such as a slow dissolution rate and an easy formation into a "fish-eye" in the process of diluting into aqueous solution. However, the current liquid CPAM products also have some problems, such as low effective content, poor storage stability, degradation in a short time, and high preparation costs. In this paper, a CPAM suspension was successfully prepared with 50.00% CPAM fine powder, 46.87% oil phase solvent, 0.63% separating agent, 1.56% emulsifying and dispersing agent, and 0.94% rheology modifier. This suspension has an effective content of 50.00%. It also showed no separation in 7 days of storage at room temperature, no separation in 30 min of centrifugation at a speed of 2000 rpm, and diluted to a 0.40% solution in just 16.00 min. For 1000 NTU of diatomite-simulated wastewater, the optimal turbidity removal rate of the suspension was 99.50%, which was higher than the optimal turbidity removal rate of 98.40% for the inorganic flocculant polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC). For oilfield wastewater, the optimal turbidity removal rate of the CPAM suspension was 35.60%, which was higher than the optimal turbidity removal rate of 28.40% for solid particle CPAM. In a scale-up test, the CPAM suspension achieved a good application effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fengshan Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Material Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.W.); (W.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.)
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Lin F, Qin W, Wei J, Lv J, Yang P. Effect of chemical regulation combined with mechanical filtration on deep dewatering and consolidation characteristics of sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:89088-89100. [PMID: 37450183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the mechanism underlying deep dewatering of municipal sludge, this paper investigated the sludge characteristics from the perspective of soil mechanics, and analyzed the sludge physical and mechanical properties, stress as well as dewatering behavior during the dewatering process. Before and after cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and chitosan (HACC) conditioning, the pressure filtration dewatering time of treated sludge was shorter than that of raw sludge, and the water removal rate was greater than 70% at the 6 MPa pressure. However, with the increase in filter pressing time, the filtration resistance coefficient of sludge increased, and the water pressure in sludge pores rose up, and a longer time was needed for dissipation at the larger pressure, resulting in the slowdown of sludge consolidation. In addition, based on the three-stage Terzaghi Voigt model, when the pressure rose from 2 to 6 MPa, the time from filtration stage to compression stage of raw sludge was shortened, and the second stage played the most important role in the dewatering process. Compared with the raw sludge, the sludge filtration stage was shortened after CPAM or HACC conditioning, and the main dewatering mechanism changed from the second compression stage to the first compression stage, which means the bound water in sludge flocs was transformed into free water. This was also the reason why the dewatering, compression and consolidation rate of the conditioned sludge was faster than that of the raw sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- School of Chemical Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weihua Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiongxian Wei
- School of Chemical Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Lv
- School of Chemical Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yang
- School of Chemical Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
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