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Sarg NH, Zaher DM, Abu Jayab NN, Mostafa SH, Ismail HH, Omar HA. The interplay of p38 MAPK signaling and mitochondrial metabolism, a dynamic target in cancer and pathological contexts. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116307. [PMID: 38797269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular metabolism and bioenergetics, orchestrating various cellular processes, including energy production, metabolism, adaptation to stress, and redox balance. Besides, mitochondria regulate cellular metabolic homeostasis through coordination with multiple signaling pathways. Importantly, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is a key player in the intricate communication with mitochondria, influencing various functions. This review explores the multifaced interaction between the mitochondria and p38 MAPK signaling and the consequent impact on metabolic alterations. Overall, the p38 MAPK pathway governs the activities of key mitochondrial proteins, which are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, thermogenesis, and iron homeostasis. Additionally, p38 MAPK contributes to the regulation of mitochondrial responses to oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by cancer therapies or natural substances by coordinating with other pathways responsible for energy homeostasis. Therefore, dysregulation of these interconnected pathways can lead to various pathologies characterized by aberrant metabolism. Consequently, gaining a deeper understanding of the interaction between mitochondria and the p38 MAPK pathway and their implications presents exciting forecasts for novel therapeutic interventions in cancer and other disorders characterized by metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin H Sarg
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana M Zaher
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour N Abu Jayab
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salma H Mostafa
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hussein H Ismail
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hany A Omar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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2
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Ma B, Ren C, Yin Y, Zhao S, Li J, Yang H. Immune cell infiltration and prognostic index in cervical cancer: insights from metabolism-related differential genes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1411132. [PMID: 38840928 PMCID: PMC11150690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer remains a significant gynecologic malignancy in both China and the United States, posing a substantial threat to women's lives and health due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Altered energy metabolism and dysregulated mitochondrial function play crucial roles in the development, growth, metastasis, and recurrence of malignant tumors. In this study, we aimed to predict prognosis and assess efficacy of anti-tumor therapy in cervical cancer patients based on differential genes associated with mitochondrial metabolism. Methods Transcriptomic data and clinical profiles of cervical cancer patients were retrieved from the TCGA and GEO databases. Differential gene-related cellular pathways were identified through GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses. Prognostic indices were constructed using LASSO regression analysis. Immune cell infiltration was assessed using CIBERSORT and ssGSEA, and the correlation between immune checkpoint inhibitor genes and differential genes was examined. Tumor mutation load (TMB) and its association with prognostic indices were analyzed using nucleotide variant data from the TCGA database. Patient response to immunotherapy and sensitivity to antitumor drugs were determined using the TIDE algorithm and the oncoPredic algorithm, respectively. Results A prognostic index based on metabolism-related differential genes was developed to predict the clinical outcome of cervical cancer patients, enabling their classification into two distinct subtypes. The prognostic index emerged as an independent risk factor for unfavorable prognosis. The high-index group exhibited a significantly worse overall prognosis, along with elevated tumor mutation burden (TMB), increased immune cell infiltration, and lower TIDE scores, indicating a potential benefit from immunotherapy. Conversely, the low-index group demonstrated increased sensitivity to metabolism-related antitumor agents, specifically multikinase inhibitors. Conclusion The aim of this study was to develop a prognostic index based on differential genes associated with mitochondrial metabolism, which could be used to predict cervical cancer patients' prognoses. When combined with TIDE and TMB analyses, this prognostic index offers insights into the immune cell infiltration landscape, as well as the potential efficacy of immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Our analysis suggests that the Iron-Sulfur Cluster Assembly Enzyme (ISCU) gene holds promise as a biomarker for cervical cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi’an, China
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Bhat A, Cox RL, Hendrickson BG, Das NK, Schaller ML, Tuckowski AM, Wang E, Shah YM, Leiser SF. A diet of oxidative stress-adapted bacteria improves stress resistance and lifespan in C. elegans via p38-MAPK. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk8823. [PMID: 38569037 PMCID: PMC10990273 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk8823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Organisms across taxa face stresses including variable temperature, redox imbalance, and xenobiotics. Successfully responding to stress and restoring homeostasis are crucial for survival. Aging is associated with a decreased stress response and alterations in the microbiome, which contribute to disease development. Animals and their microbiota share their environment; however, microbes have short generation time and can rapidly evolve and potentially affect host physiology during stress. Here, we leverage Caenorhabditis elegans and its simplified bacterial diet to demonstrate how microbial adaptation to oxidative stress affects the host's lifespan and stress response. We find that worms fed stress-evolved bacteria exhibit enhanced stress resistance and an extended lifespan. Through comprehensive genetic and metabolic analysis, we find that iron in stress-evolved bacteria enhances worm stress resistance and lifespan via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that understanding microbial stress-mediated adaptations could be used to slow aging and alleviate age-related health decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Bhat
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Cox
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Nupur K. Das
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Megan L. Schaller
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Angela M. Tuckowski
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily Wang
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yatrik M. Shah
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Scott F. Leiser
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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4
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Zhao J, Zhou SQ, Chen YX, Pan X, Chen YZ, Zhuang YG. Causal Relationship between Mitochondrial-Associated Proteins and Sepsis in ICU Patients: A Mendelian Randomization Study. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8457-8463. [PMID: 38405532 PMCID: PMC10882587 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alarming mortality rate of sepsis in ICUs has garnered significant attention. The precise etiology remains elusive. Mitochondria, often referred to as the cellular powerhouses, have been postulated to have a dysfunctional role, correlating with the onset and progression of sepsis. However, the exact causal relationship remains to be defined. METHOD Employing the Mendelian randomization approach, this study systematically analyzed data from the IEUOpenGWAS and UKbiobank databases concerning mitochondrial function-related proteins and their association with sepsis, aiming to delineate the causal relationship between the two. RESULTS The findings underscored a statistically significant association of GrpE1 with sepsis, registering a P value of 0.005 and an OR of 0.499 (95% CI: 0.307-0.810). Likewise, HTRA2, ISCU, and CUP3 each manifested significant associations with sepsis, yielding OR values of 0.585, 0.637, and 0.634, respectively. These results suggest potential implications of the aforementioned proteins in the pathogenesis of sepsis. CONCLUSION The present study furnishes novel evidence elucidating the roles of GrpE1, HTRA2, ISCU, and CUP3 in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Such insights pave the way for a deeper understanding of the pathological mechanisms underpinning sepsis and hint at promising therapeutic strategies for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department
of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072,China
| | - Shu-qin Zhou
- Department
of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072,China
| | - Yu-xing Chen
- Department
of Gerontology, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072,China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department
of Gerontology, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072,China
| | - Yuan-zhuo Chen
- Department
of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072,China
| | - Yu-gang Zhuang
- Department
of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People’s
Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072,China
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Mishra E, Thakur MK. Mdivi-1 Rescues Memory Decline in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Male Mice by Ameliorating Mitochondrial Dynamics and Hippocampal Plasticity. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5426-5449. [PMID: 37314656 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Memory loss, often known as amnesia, is common in the elderly population and refers to forgetting facts and experiences. It is associated with increased mitochondrial fragmentation, though the contribution of mitochondrial dynamics in amnesia is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study is aimed at elucidating the role of Mdivi-1 in mitochondrial dynamics, hippocampal plasticity, and memory during scopolamine (SC)-induced amnesia. The findings imply that Mdivi-1 significantly increased the expression of Arc and BDNF proteins in the hippocampus of SC-induced amnesic mice, validating improved recognition and spatial memory. Moreover, an improved mitochondrial ultrastructure was attributed to a decline in the percentage of fragmented and spherical-shaped mitochondria after Mdivi-1 treatment in SC-induced mice. The significant downregulation of p-Drp1 (S616) protein and upregulation of Mfn2, LC3BI, and LC3BII proteins in Mdivi-1-treated SC-induced mice indicated a decline in fragmented mitochondrial number and healthy mitochondrial dynamics. Mdivi-1 treatment alleviated ROS production and Caspase-3 activity and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, Vdac1 expression, ATP production, and myelination, resulting in reduced neurodegeneration in SC mice. Furthermore, the decline of pro-apoptotic protein cytochrome-c and increase of anti-apoptotic proteins Procaspase-9 and Bcl-2 in Mdivi-1-treated SC-induced mice suggested improved neuronal health. Mdivi-1 also increased the dendritic arborization and spine density, which was further corroborated by increased expression of synaptophysin and PSD95. In conclusion, the current study suggests that Mdivi-1 treatment improves mitochondrial ultrastructure and function through the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. These changes further improve neuronal cell density, myelination, dendritic arborization, and spine density, decrease neurodegeneration, and improve recognition and spatial memory. Schematic presentation depicts that Mdivi-1 rescues memory decline in scopolamine-induced amnesic male mice by ameliorating mitochondrial dynamics and hippocampal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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Doering KRS, Ermakova G, Taubert S. Nuclear hormone receptor NHR-49 is an essential regulator of stress resilience and healthy aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1241591. [PMID: 37645565 PMCID: PMC10461480 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1241591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of Caenorhabditis elegans encodes 284 nuclear hormone receptor, which perform diverse functions in development and physiology. One of the best characterized of these is NHR-49, related in sequence and function to mammalian hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Initially identified as regulator of lipid metabolism, including fatty acid catabolism and desaturation, additional important roles for NHR-49 have since emerged. It is an essential contributor to longevity in several genetic and environmental contexts, and also plays vital roles in the resistance to several stresses and innate immune response to infection with various bacterial pathogens. Here, we review how NHR-49 is integrated into pertinent signaling circuits and how it achieves its diverse functions. We also highlight areas for future investigation including identification of regulatory inputs that drive NHR-49 activity and identification of tissue-specific gene regulatory outputs. We anticipate that future work on this protein will provide information that could be useful for developing strategies to age-associated declines in health and age-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie R. S. Doering
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Glafira Ermakova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kumaresan A, Sinha MK, Paul N, Nag P, Ebenezer Samuel King JP, Kumar R, Datta TK. Establishment of a repertoire of fertility associated sperm proteins and their differential abundance in buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis) with contrasting fertility. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2272. [PMID: 36754964 PMCID: PMC9908891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm harbours a wide range of proteins regulating their functions and fertility. In the present study, we made an effort to characterize and quantify the proteome of buffalo bull spermatozoa, and to identify fertility associated sperm proteins through comparative proteomics. Using high-throughput mass spectrometry platform, we identified 1305 proteins from buffalo spermatozoa and found that these proteins were mostly enriched in glycolytic process, mitochondrial respiratory chain, tricarboxylic acid cycle, protein folding, spermatogenesis, sperm motility and sperm binding to zona pellucida (p < 7.74E-08) besides metabolic (p = 4.42E-31) and reactive oxygen species (p = 1.81E-30) pathways. Differential proteomic analysis revealed that 844 proteins were commonly expressed in spermatozoa from both the groups while 77 and 52 proteins were exclusively expressed in high- and low-fertile bulls, respectively. In low-fertile bulls, 75 proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated and 176 proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) downregulated; these proteins were highly enriched in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly (p = 2.63E-07) and flagellated sperm motility (p = 7.02E-05) processes besides oxidative phosphorylation pathway (p = 6.61E-15). The down regulated proteins in low-fertile bulls were involved in sperm motility, metabolism, sperm-egg recognition and fertilization. These variations in the sperm proteome could be used as potential markers for the selection of buffalo bulls for fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India.
| | - Manish Kumar Sinha
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Nilendu Paul
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Pradeep Nag
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - John Peter Ebenezer Samuel King
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Southern Regional Station of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132 001, India
| | - Tirtha Kumar Datta
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125 001, India
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Wagner A, Schosserer M. The epitranscriptome in ageing and stress resistance: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101700. [PMID: 35908668 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Modifications of RNA, collectively called the "epitranscriptome", might provide novel biomarkers and innovative targets for interventions in geroscience but are just beginning to be studied in the context of ageing and stress resistance. RNA modifications modulate gene expression by affecting translation initiation and speed, miRNA binding, RNA stability, and RNA degradation. Nonetheless, the precise underlying molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences of most alterations of the epitranscriptome are still only poorly understood. We here systematically review different types of modifications of rRNA, tRNA and mRNA, the methodology to analyze them, current challenges in the field, and human disease associations. Furthermore, we compiled evidence for a connection between individual enzymes, which install RNA modifications, and lifespan in yeast, worm and fly. We also included resistance to different stressors and competitive fitness as search criteria for genes potentially relevant to ageing. Promising candidates identified by this approach include RCM1/NSUN5, RRP8, and F33A8.4/ZCCHC4 that introduce base methylations in rRNA, the methyltransferases DNMT2 and TRM9/ALKBH8, as well as factors involved in the thiolation or A to I editing in tRNA, and finally the m6A machinery for mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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Iron Metabolism in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073612. [PMID: 35408967 PMCID: PMC8998315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is a trace metal element necessary to maintain life and is also involved in a variety of biological processes. Aging refers to the natural life process in which the physiological functions of the various systems, organs, and tissues decline, affected by genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the relationship between iron metabolism and aging-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. During aging, the accumulation of nonheme iron destroys the stability of the intracellular environment. The destruction of iron homeostasis can induce cell damage by producing hydroxyl free radicals, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, brain aging, and even organismal aging. In this review, we have briefly summarized the role of the metabolic process of iron in the body, then discussed recent developments of iron metabolism in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and finally, explored some iron chelators as treatment strategies for those disorders. Understanding the roles of iron metabolism in aging and neurodegenerative diseases will fill the knowledge gap in the field. This review could provide new insights into the research on iron metabolism and age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Zhu Z, Lu S, Wang SH, Górriz JM, Zhang YD. BCNet: A Novel Network for Blood Cell Classification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:813996. [PMID: 35047515 PMCID: PMC8762289 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.813996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Most blood diseases, such as chronic anemia, leukemia (commonly known as blood cancer), and hematopoietic dysfunction, are caused by environmental pollution, substandard decoration materials, radiation exposure, and long-term use certain drugs. Thus, it is imperative to classify the blood cell images. Most cell classification is based on the manual feature, machine learning classifier or the deep convolution network neural model. However, manual feature extraction is a very tedious process, and the results are usually unsatisfactory. On the other hand, the deep convolution neural network is usually composed of massive layers, and each layer has many parameters. Therefore, each deep convolution neural network needs a lot of time to get the results. Another problem is that medical data sets are relatively small, which may lead to overfitting problems. Methods: To address these problems, we propose seven models for the automatic classification of blood cells: BCARENet, BCR5RENet, BCMV2RENet, BCRRNet, BCRENet, BCRSNet, and BCNet. The BCNet model is the best model among the seven proposed models. The backbone model in our method is selected as the ResNet-18, which is pre-trained on the ImageNet set. To improve the performance of the proposed model, we replace the last four layers of the trained transferred ResNet-18 model with the three randomized neural networks (RNNs), which are RVFL, ELM, and SNN. The final outputs of our BCNet are generated by the ensemble of the predictions from the three randomized neural networks by the majority voting. We use four multi-classification indexes for the evaluation of our model. Results: The accuracy, average precision, average F1-score, and average recall are 96.78, 97.07, 96.78, and 96.77%, respectively. Conclusion: We offer the comparison of our model with state-of-the-art methods. The results of the proposed BCNet model are much better than other state-of-the-art methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziquan Zhu
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Siyuan Lu
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Shui-Hua Wang
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Manuel Górriz
- Department of Signal Theory, Networking and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Yu-Dong Zhang
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China
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Zeidan RS, Han SM, Leeuwenburgh C, Xiao R. Iron homeostasis and organismal aging. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101510. [PMID: 34767974 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron is indispensable for normal body functions across species because of its critical roles in red blood cell function and many essential proteins and enzymes required for numerous physiological processes. Regulation of iron homeostasis is an intricate process involving multiple modulators at the systemic, cellular, and molecular levels. Interestingly, emerging evidence has demonstrated that many modulators of iron homeostasis contribute to organismal aging and longevity. On the other hand, the age-related dysregulation of iron homeostasis is often associated with multiple age-related pathologies including bone resorption and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Thus, a thorough understanding on the interconnections between systemic and cellular iron balance and organismal aging may help decipher the etiologies of multiple age-related diseases, which could ultimately lead to developing therapeutic strategies to delay aging and treat various age-related diseases. Here we present the current understanding on the mechanisms of iron homeostasis. We also discuss the impacts of aging on iron homeostatic processes and how dysregulated iron metabolism may affect aging and organismal longevity.
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