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Liu S, Han Y, Kong L, Wang G, Ye Z. Atomic force microscopy in disease-related studies: Exploring tissue and cell mechanics. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:660-684. [PMID: 38063315 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in human medicine, certain diseases remain challenging to promptly diagnose and treat. Hence, the imperative lies in the development of more exhaustive criteria and tools. Tissue and cellular mechanics exhibit distinctive traits in both normal and pathological states, suggesting that "force" represents a promising and distinctive target for disease diagnosis and treatment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) holds great promise as a prospective clinical medical device due to its capability to concurrently assess surface morphology and mechanical characteristics of biological specimens within a physiological setting. This review presents a comprehensive examination of the operational principles of AFM and diverse mechanical models, focusing on its applications in investigating tissue and cellular mechanics associated with prevalent diseases. The findings from these studies lay a solid groundwork for potential clinical implementations of AFM. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: By examining the surface morphology and assessing tissue and cellular mechanics of biological specimens in a physiological setting, AFM shows promise as a clinical device to diagnose and treat challenging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibo Han
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
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Cersosimo A, Salerno N, Sabatino J, Scatteia A, Bisaccia G, De Rosa S, Dellegrottaglie S, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Torella D, Leo I. Underlying mechanisms and cardioprotective effects of SGLT2i and GLP-1Ra: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:94. [PMID: 38468245 PMCID: PMC10926589 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Originally designed as anti-hyperglycemic drugs, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra) and Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated protective cardiovascular effects, with significant impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite several mechanisms have been proposed, the exact pathophysiology behind these effects is not yet fully understood. Cardiovascular imaging is key for the evaluation of diabetic patients, with an established role from the identification of early subclinical changes to long-term follow up and prognostic assessment. Among the different imaging modalities, CMR may have a key-role being the gold standard for volumes and function assessment and having the unique ability to provide tissue characterization. Novel techniques are also implementing the possibility to evaluate cardiac metabolism through CMR and thereby further increasing the potential role of the modality in this context. Aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of changes in CMR parameters and novel CMR techniques applied in both pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating the effects of SGLT2i and GLP-1Ra, and their potential role in better understanding the underlying CV mechanisms of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Cersosimo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Salerno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jolanda Sabatino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scatteia
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Ospedale Medico-Chirurgico Accreditato Villa dei Fiori, Naples, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Bisaccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies "G. d'Annunzio", University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Santo Dellegrottaglie
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Ospedale Medico-Chirurgico Accreditato Villa dei Fiori, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci
- CMR Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Isabella Leo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Ferreira-Santos L, Martinez-Lemus LA, Padilla J. Sitting leg vasculopathy: potential adaptations beyond the endothelium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H760-H771. [PMID: 38241008 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00489.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Increased sitting time, the most common form of sedentary behavior, is an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality; however, the mechanisms linking sitting to cardiovascular risk remain largely elusive. Studies over the last decade have led to the concept that excessive time spent in the sitting position and the ensuing reduction in leg blood flow-induced shear stress cause endothelial dysfunction. This conclusion has been mainly supported by studies using flow-mediated dilation in the lower extremities as the measured outcome. In this review, we summarize evidence from classic studies and more recent ones that collectively support the notion that prolonged sitting-induced leg vascular dysfunction is likely also attributable to changes occurring in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Indeed, we provide evidence that prolonged constriction of resistance arteries can lead to modifications in the structural characteristics of the vascular wall, including polymerization of actin filaments in VSMCs and inward remodeling, and that these changes manifest in a time frame that is consistent with the vascular changes observed with prolonged sitting. We expect this review will stimulate future studies with a focus on VSMC cytoskeletal remodeling as a potential target to prevent the detrimental vascular ramifications of too much sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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Luna-Marco C, Iannantuoni F, Hermo-Argibay A, Devos D, Salazar JD, Víctor VM, Rovira-Llopis S. Cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists through effects on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:19-35. [PMID: 38220031 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Overloaded glucose levels in several metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress and altered mitochondrial homeostasis, particularly in the cardiovascular system, contribute to the development of chronic comorbidities of diabetes. Diabetes-associated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia can directly damage vascular vessels and lead to coronary artery disease or stroke, and indirectly damage other organs and lead to kidney dysfunction, known as diabetic nephropathy. The new diabetes treatments include Na+-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (iSGLT2) and glucagon-like 1 peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), among others. The iSGLT2 are oral anti-diabetic drugs, whereas GLP-1RA are preferably administered through subcutaneous injection, even though GLP-1RA oral formulations have recently become available. Both therapies are known to improve both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as to improve cardiovascular and cardiorenal outcomes in diabetic patients. In this review, we present an overview of current knowledge on the relationship between oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cardiovascular therapeutic benefits of iSGLT2 and GLP-1RA. We explore the benefits, limits and common features of the treatments and remark how both are an interesting target in the prevention of obesity, T2D and cardiovascular diseases, and emphasize the lack of a complete understanding of the underlying mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Luna-Marco
- INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of di Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Ospedale Infermi, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Alberto Hermo-Argibay
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Deédeni Devos
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan D Salazar
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor M Víctor
- INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia; National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd).
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia.
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Hewedy WA, Abdulmalek SA, Ghareeb DA, Habiba ES. AMPK-mediated autophagy is involved in the protective effect of canagliflozin in the vitamin D3 plus nicotine calcification model in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:873-888. [PMID: 37522915 PMCID: PMC10791829 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events. A mutual interplay between inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy is implicated in its development. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of canagliflozin in a vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN) model of VC, and to explore potential mechanisms. VC was induced by VDN in adult male Wistar rats on day one. Then, rats were randomly assigned into three groups to receive canagliflozin (10 mg or 20 mg/kg/day) or its vehicle for 4 weeks. Age-matched normal rats served as a control group. After euthanization, aorta and kidneys were harvested for biochemical and histopathological evaluation of calcification. Aortic markers of oxidative stress, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, runt-related transcription factor (Runx2) and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) levels were determined. Additionally, the protein expression of autophagic markers, LC3 and p62, and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) were also assessed in aortic homogenates. Canagliflozin dose-dependently improved renal function, enhanced the antioxidant capacity of aortic tissues and reduced calcium deposition in rat aortas and kidneys. Both doses of canagliflozin attenuated ALP and osteogenic markers while augmented the expression of autophagic markers and AMPK. Histopathological examination of aortas and kidneys by H&E and Von Kossa stain further support the beneficial effect of canagliflozin. Canagliflozin could alleviate VDN-induced vascular calcification, in a dose dependent manner, via its antioxidant effect and modulation of autophagy. Further studies are needed to verify whether this effect is a member or a class effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Hewedy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Al-Moassat Medical Campus, Elhadara, Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, 21561, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Shaymaa A Abdulmalek
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Esraa S Habiba
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Hong Y, Jeon Y, Choi Y, Chung TK, Lee H. Effectiveness and Safety of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Added to Dual or Triple Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:487-496. [PMID: 38114614 PMCID: PMC10838879 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) add-on treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the real-world setting. METHODS This single-center retrospective study used the clinical database of Seoul National University Hospital in South Korea. Patients who received metformin monotherapy or combination therapy with ≥ 1 other oral hypoglycemic medication and had a baseline glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between 7.0% and 10.5% were included. Propensity score matching was applied between patients treated with and without SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i and non-SGLT2i groups, respectively). Changes in HbA1c from baseline to week 26 were compared between the SGLT2i and non-SGLT2i groups, and risk of adverse events (AE) were also assessed. RESULTS A total of 1106 patients were included. At week 26, HbA1c was significantly more reduced by 0.35 percentage points in the SGLT2i group than in the non-SGLT2i group (95% CI 0.30-0.41, P < 0.001). Likewise, the proportion of patients achieving HbA1c < 7% was also significantly higher (51.9% vs. 37.6%, P < 0.05) in the SGLT2i group than in the non-SGLT2i group. The risk of adverse events in the SGLT2i group was mostly comparable with those in the non-SGLT2i group except for diseases of the liver, pain, hypertensive diseases, and metabolic disorders, which showed significantly higher odds in the SGLT2i group. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2i add-on treatment is an effective and safe therapeutic option for patients with T2DM in the real-world practice setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesol Hong
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoomin Jeon
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoona Choi
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Kyu Chung
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Howard Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
- Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Seoul, South Korea.
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7
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Zhang Q, Deng Z, Li T, Chen K, Zeng Z. SGLT2 inhibitor improves the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease and prevents in-stent restenosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1280547. [PMID: 38274313 PMCID: PMC10808651 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1280547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is a narrowing or obstruction of the vascular cavity caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, which leads to myocardial ischemia and hypoxia. At present, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an effective treatment for coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Restenosis is the main limiting factor of the long-term success of PCI, and it is also a difficult problem in the field of intervention. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is a new oral glucose-lowering agent used in the treatment of diabetes in recent years. Recent studies have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors can effectively improve the prognosis of patients after PCI and reduce the occurrence of restenosis. This review provides an overview of the clinical studies and mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors in the prevention of restenosis, providing a new option for improving the clinical prognosis of patients after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhihuan Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Dimitriadis K, Adamopoulou E, Pyrpyris N, Sakalidis A, Leontsinis I, Manta E, Mantzouranis E, Beneki E, Soulaidopoulos S, Konstantinidis D, Fragkoulis C, Aggeli K, Tsioufis K. The effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on the endothelium and the microcirculation: from bench to bedside and beyond. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2023; 9:741-757. [PMID: 37500266 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The beneficial cardiovascular effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors irrespective of the presence of diabetes mellitus are nowadays well established and they already constitute a significant pillar for the management of heart failure, irrespective of the ejection fraction. The exact underlying mechanisms accountable for these effects, however, remain largely unknown. The direct effect on endothelial function and microcirculation is one of the most well studied. The broad range of studies presented in this review aims to link all available data from the bench to bedside and highlight the existing gaps as well as the future directions in the investigations concerning the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the endothelium and the microcirculation. METHODS AND RESULTS An extensive search has been conducted using the MEDLINE/PubMed database in order to identify the relevant studies. Preclinical data suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors directly affect endothelial function independently of glucose and specifically via several interplaying molecular pathways, resulting in improved vasodilation, increased NO production, enhanced mitochondrial homeostasis, endothelial cell viability, and angiogenesis as well as attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Clinical data systematically confirm this beneficial effect on the endothelium, whereas the evidence concerning the effect on the microcirculation is conflicting. CONCLUSION Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that SGLT2 inhibitors attenuate endothelial and microvascular dysfunction via a combination of mechanisms, which play a role in their beneficial cardiovascular effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Dimitriadis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Adamopoulou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Pyrpyris
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Sakalidis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Leontsinis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Manta
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Mantzouranis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Beneki
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Konstantinidis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Fragkoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Aggeli
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 115 27, Athens, Greece
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Nakajo T, Kitajima N, Katayoshi T, Tsuji-Naito K. Nicotinamide mononucleotide inhibits oxidative stress-induced damage in a SIRT1/NQO-1-dependent manner. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105683. [PMID: 37640247 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with vascular cellular aging and is causally related to cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Preclinical studies indicate that a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), alleviates oxidative stress in aged vessels, granting vasoprotective effects. However, the associated cellular mechanism remains largely unclear. In this study, we used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to demonstrate that NMN inhibits oxidative stress-induced damage by activating the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) axis. We found that NMN inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and senescence-associated protein expression, such as p16 and p21. Furthermore, NMN prevented H2O2-induced actin cytoskeletal disorganization via inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. NMN increased NQO-1 mRNA and protein expression that in turn was abrogated by SIRT1 inhibition, suggesting that NMN-inducible NQO-1 was associated with SIRT1 activity. SIRT1 and NQO-1 inhibition attenuated the inhibitory effect of NMN on H2O2-inducible cytotoxicity, senescence-related protein upregulation, and actin cytoskeletal disorganization. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which NMN exerts protective effects against vascular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakajo
- DHC Corporation Laboratories, Division 2, 2-42 Hamada, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-0025, Japan.
| | - N Kitajima
- DHC Corporation Laboratories, Division 2, 2-42 Hamada, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-0025, Japan.
| | - T Katayoshi
- DHC Corporation Laboratories, Division 2, 2-42 Hamada, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-0025, Japan.
| | - K Tsuji-Naito
- DHC Corporation Laboratories, Division 2, 2-42 Hamada, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-0025, Japan.
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10
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Foote CA, Ramirez-Perez FI, Smith JA, Ghiarone T, Morales-Quinones M, McMillan NJ, Augenreich MA, Power G, Burr K, Aroor AR, Bender SB, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. Neuraminidase inhibition improves endothelial function in diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1337-H1353. [PMID: 37801046 PMCID: PMC10908409 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00337.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuraminidases cleave sialic acids from glycocalyx structures and plasma neuraminidase activity is elevated in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, we hypothesize circulating neuraminidase degrades the endothelial glycocalyx and diminishes flow-mediated dilation (FMD), whereas its inhibition restores shear mechanosensation and endothelial function in T2D settings. We found that compared with controls, subjects with T2D have higher plasma neuraminidase activity, reduced plasma nitrite concentrations, and diminished FMD. Ex vivo and in vivo neuraminidase exposure diminished FMD and reduced endothelial glycocalyx presence in mouse arteries. In cultured endothelial cells, neuraminidase reduced glycocalyx coverage. Inhalation of the neuraminidase inhibitor, zanamivir, reduced plasma neuraminidase activity, enhanced endothelial glycocalyx length, and improved FMD in diabetic mice. In humans, a single-arm trial (NCT04867707) of zanamivir inhalation did not reduce plasma neuraminidase activity, improved glycocalyx length, or enhanced FMD. Although zanamivir plasma concentrations in mice reached 225.8 ± 22.0 ng/mL, in humans were only 40.0 ± 7.2 ng/mL. These results highlight the potential of neuraminidase inhibition for ameliorating endothelial dysfunction in T2D and suggest the current Food and Drug Administration-approved inhaled dosage of zanamivir is insufficient to achieve desired outcomes in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work identifies neuraminidase as a key mediator of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes that may serve as a biomarker for impaired endothelial function and predictive of development and progression of cardiovascular pathologies associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data show that intervention with the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir at effective plasma concentrations may represent a novel pharmacological strategy for restoring the glycocalyx and ameliorating endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Foote
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | | | - James A Smith
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | | | - Neil J McMillan
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Marc A Augenreich
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Gavin Power
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Katherine Burr
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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11
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Machin DR, Sabouri M, Zheng X, Donato AJ. Therapeutic strategies targeting the endothelial glycocalyx. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023; 26:543-550. [PMID: 37555800 PMCID: PMC10592259 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will highlight recent studies that have examined the endothelial glycocalyx in a variety of health conditions, as well as potential glycocalyx-targeted therapies. RECENT FINDINGS A degraded glycocalyx is present in individuals that consume high sodium diet or have kidney disease, diabetes, preeclampsia, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), or sepsis. Specifically, these conditions are accompanied by elevated glycocalyx components in the blood, such as syndecan-1, syndecans-4, heparin sulfate, and enhanced heparinase activity. Impaired glycocalyx barrier function is accompanied by decreased nitric oxide bioavailability, increased leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, and vascular permeability. Glycocalyx degradation appears to play a key role in the progression of cardiovascular complications. However, studies that have used glycocalyx-targeted therapies to treat these conditions are scarce. Various therapeutics can restore the glycocalyx in kidney disease, diabetes, COVID-19, and sepsis. Exposing endothelial cells to glycocalyx components, such as heparin sulfate and hyaluronan protects the glycocalyx. SUMMARY We conclude that the glycocalyx is degraded in a variety of health conditions, although it remains to be determined whether glycocalyx degradation plays a causal role in disease progression and severity, and whether glycocalyx-targeted therapies improve patient health outcomes. Future studies are warranted to investigate therapeutic strategies that target the endothelial glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Machin
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Mostafa Sabouri
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Xiangyu Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Utah
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA SLC
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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12
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Xuereb RA, Magri CJ, Xuereb RG. Arterial Stiffness and its Impact on Cardiovascular Health. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1337-1349. [PMID: 37676581 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality globally. Identifying patients at risk is important to initiate preventive strategies. Over the last few decades, the role of the endothelium and its impact on arterial stiffness have been recognised as playing a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease. This review will focus on the effect of arterial stiffness in different patient cohorts with regard to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as its use in clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS Arterial stiffness is associated with a range of cardiovascular risk factors and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality. The gold standard for evaluating arterial stiffness is pulse wave velocity. Recently, cardio-ankle vascular index has been implemented as an easy and highly reproducible measure of arterial stiffness. Moreover, certain pharmacologic agents may modify arterial stiffness and alter progression of cardiovascular disease. The endothelium plays an important role in cardiovascular disease. Implementing assessment of arterial stiffness in clinical practice will improve stratification of patients at risk of cardiovascular disease and help modify disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline J Magri
- Department of Cardiology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
- University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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13
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Neutel CHG, Wesley CD, Van Praet M, Civati C, Roth L, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W, Guns PJ. Empagliflozin decreases ageing-associated arterial stiffening and vascular fibrosis under normoglycemic conditions. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 152:107212. [PMID: 37619798 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is a hallmark of vascular ageing and results in increased blood flow pulsatility to the periphery, damaging end-organs such as the heart, kidneys and brain. Treating or "reversing" arterial stiffness has therefore become a central target in the field of vascular ageing. SGLT2 inhibitors, initially developed in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have become a cornerstone of heart failure treatment. Additionally, effects on the vasculature have been reported. Here, we demonstrate that treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (7 weeks, 15 mg/kg/day) decreased ageing-induced arterial stiffness of the aorta in old mice with normal blood glucose levels. However, no universal mechanism was identified. While empagliflozin reduced the ageing-associated increase in collagen type I in the medial layer of the abdominal infrarenal aorta and decreased medial TGF-β deposition, this was not observed in the thoracic descending aorta. Moreover, empagliflozin was not able to prevent elastin fragmentation. In conclusion, empagliflozin decreased arterial stiffness in aged mice, indicating that SGLT2 inhibition could be a valuable strategy in mitigating vascular ageing. Further research is warranted to unravel the underlying, possibly region-specific, mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric H G Neutel
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Callan D Wesley
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Melissa Van Praet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Celine Civati
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Guns
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Antwerp, Belgium
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14
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Barreto J, Campos-Staffico AM, Nadruz W, Quinaglia T, Sposito AC. The role of SGLT2i in attenuating residual cardiovascular risk through blood pressure-lowering: mechanistic insights and perspectives. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:1243530. [PMID: 37822556 PMCID: PMC10562622 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1243530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2) have been increasingly pursued as a promising target for addressing residual cardiovascular risk. Prior trials demonstrated that SGLT2i not only promotes glucose-lowering, but also improves endothelial dysfunction, adiposity, fluid overload, and insulin sensitivity thus contributing to hemodynamic changes implicated in its cardiorenal benefits. The mechanisms in the effect of SGLT2i on blood pressure and their potential role in preventing cardiovascular events are hereby revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Barreto
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Wilson Nadruz
- Cardiology Division, Clinics Hospital, Unicamp, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Quinaglia
- Massachussets General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrei C. Sposito
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Cardiology Division, Clinics Hospital, Unicamp, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Kumar M, Orkaby A, Tighe C, Villareal DT, Billingsley H, Nanna MG, Kwak MJ, Rohant N, Patel S, Goyal P, Hummel S, Al-Malouf C, Kolimas A, Krishnaswami A, Rich MW, Kirkpatrick J, Damluji AA, Kuchel GA, Forman DE, Alexander KP. Life's Essential 8: Optimizing Health in Older Adults. JACC. ADVANCES 2023; 2:100560. [PMID: 37664644 PMCID: PMC10470487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The population worldwide is getting older as a result of advances in public health, medicine, and technology. Older individuals are living longer with a higher prevalence of subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). In 2010, the American Heart Association introduced a list of key prevention targets, known as "Life's Simple 7" to increase CVD-free survival, longevity, and quality of life. In 2022, sleep health was added to expand the recommendations to "Life's Essential 8" (eat better, be more active, stop smoking, get adequate sleep, manage weight, manage cholesterol, manage blood pressure, and manage diabetes). These prevention targets are intended to apply regardless of chronologic age. During this same time, the understanding of aging biology and goals of care for older adults further enhanced the relevance of prevention across the range of functions. From a biological perspective, aging is a complex cellular process characterized by genomic instability, telomere attrition, loss of proteostasis, inflammation, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. These aging hallmarks are triggered by and enhanced by traditional CVD risk factors leading to geriatric syndromes (eg, frailty, sarcopenia, functional limitation, and cognitive impairment) which complicate efforts toward prevention. Therefore, we review Life's Essential 8 through the lens of aging biology, geroscience, and geriatric precepts to guide clinicians taking care of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ariela Orkaby
- New England GRECC (Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center), VA Boston HealthCare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlan Tighe
- VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dennis T. Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hayley Billingsley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael G. Nanna
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Min Ji Kwak
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Namit Rohant
- Department of Cardiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shreya Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Florham Park, New Jersey, USA
| | - Parag Goyal
- Program for the Care and Study of Aging Heart, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott Hummel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christina Al-Malouf
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amie Kolimas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Mike W. Rich
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louise, Missouri, USA
| | - James Kirkpatrick
- Department of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Abdulla A. Damluji
- The Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - George A. Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel E. Forman
- Divisions of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh GRECC, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen P. Alexander
- Division of Cardiology, Duke Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Chen Y, Peng D. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors on ventricular remodeling. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110072. [PMID: 37018976 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Ventricular remodeling is a pathological process of ventricular response to continuous stimuli such as pressure overload, ischemia or ischemia-reperfusion, which can lead to the change of cardiac structure and function structure, which is central to the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) and is an established prognostic factor in patients with HF. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) get a new hypoglycemic drug that inhibit sodium glucose coconspirator on renal tubular epithelial cells. Recently, clinical trials increasingly and animal experiments increasingly have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors have been largely applied in the fields of cardiovascular diseases, forinstance heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes cardiomyopathy and other diseases play a cardiovascular protective role in addition to hypoglycemic. These diseases are association with ventricular remodeling. Inhibiting ventricular remodeling can improve the readmission rate and mortality of patients with heart failure. So far, clinical trials and animal experiments demonstrate that the protective effect of SGLT2 inhibitors in the cardiovascular field is bound to inhibit ventricular remodeling. Therefore, this review briefly investigates the molecular mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors on ameliorating ventricular remodeling, and further explore the mechanisms of cardiovascular protection of SGLT2 inhibitors, in order to establish strategies for ventricular remodeling to prevent the progress of heart failure.
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17
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Dhakal B, Shiwakoti S, Park EY, Kang KW, Schini-Kerth VB, Park SH, Ji HY, Park JS, Ko JY, Oak MH. SGLT2 inhibition ameliorates nano plastics-induced premature endothelial senescence and dysfunction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6256. [PMID: 37069192 PMCID: PMC10110533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano plastics (NPs) have been a significant threat to human health and are known to cause premature endothelial senescence. Endothelial senescence is considered one of the primary risk factors contributing to numerous cardiovascular disorders. Recent studies have suggested that inhibition of sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT2) ameliorates endothelial senescence and dysfunction. Therefore, our study intends to explore the role of SGLT2 in NPs-induced endothelial senescence and dysfunction. Porcine coronary artery and its endothelial cells were treated with NPs in the presence or absence of Enavogliflozin (ENA), a SGLT2 inhibitor and then SGLTs expression, senescence markers and vascular function were evaluated. NPs significantly up-regulated SGLT2 and ENA significantly decreased NPs-induced senescence-associated-β-gal activity, cell-cycle arrest, and senescence markers p53 and p21 suggesting that inhibition of SGLT2 prevents NPs-induced endothelial senescence. In addition, ENA decreased the formation of reactive oxygen species with the downregulation of Nox2, and p22phox. Furthermore, SGLT2 inhibition also up regulated the endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression along with improving vascular function. In conclusion, premature endothelial senescence by NPs is, at least in part, associated with SGLT2 and it could be a potential therapeutic target for preventing and/or treating environmental pollutants-induced cardiovascular disorders mediated by endothelial senescence and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikalpa Dhakal
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, 1666 Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-Myeonn, Muan-Gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Saugat Shiwakoti
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, 1666 Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-Myeonn, Muan-Gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, 1666 Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-Myeonn, Muan-Gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Woon Kang
- Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Heart Reasearch Institute and Biomedical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Valérie B Schini-Kerth
- Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, UMR 1260 INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sun-Hwa Park
- Life Science Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical, Yongin, Gyeonggido, 17028, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Ji
- Life Science Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical, Yongin, Gyeonggido, 17028, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok Park
- Life Science Institute, Daewoong Pharmaceutical, Yongin, Gyeonggido, 17028, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, 1666 Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-Myeonn, Muan-Gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Ho Oak
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, 1666 Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-Myeonn, Muan-Gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Sun F, Liu J, Wang Y, Yang H, Song D, Fu H, Feng X. BASP1 promotes high glucose-induced endothelial apoptosis in diabetes via activation of EGFR signaling. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:535-547. [PMID: 36756695 PMCID: PMC10034959 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease of glucose metabolism. Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in diabetes complicated by cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to reveal the expression of BASP1 and its biological roles in endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetes complicated by cardiovascular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS By analyzing the databases related to diabetes complicated with coronary heart disease, BASP1 was screened out as an upregulated gene. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and primary mouse aortic endothelial cells were treated with high glucose to establish cell models of diabetes-related endothelial dysfunction, and the expression changes of BASP1 were verified by RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. BASP1 was silenced or overexpressed by siRNA or overexpression plasmid, and its effects on cell migration, apoptosis, tube formation, inflammatory response, and ROS were detected. The possible signaling pathway of BASP1 was found and the mechanism of BASP1 on promoting the progression of endothelial dysfunction was explored using the EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the expression of BASP1 in patients with diabetes mellitus and concomitant coronary heart disease was increased. High glucose induced the upregulation of BASP1 expression in endothelial cells, and showed a time-dependent relationship. Silencing of BASP1 alleviated the damage of high glucose to endothelial cells. BASP1 regulated EGFR positively. The promoting effect of BASP1 on endothelial cell apoptosis may be achieved by regulating the EGFR pathway. CONCLUSION BASP1 promotes endothelial cell injury induced by high glucose in patients with diabetes, which may be activated by activating the EGFR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengnan Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yanzheng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Danfeng Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xingxing Feng
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aging is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased vessel wall stiffness. Pathophysiological stiffening, notably in arteries, disturbs the integrity of the vascular endothelium and promotes permeability and transmigration of immune cells, thereby driving the development of atherosclerosis and related vascular diseases. Effective therapeutic strategies for arterial stiffening are still lacking. RECENT FINDINGS Here, we overview the literature on age-related arterial stiffening, from patient-derived data to preclinical in-vivo and in-vitro findings. First, we overview the common techniques that are used to measure stiffness and discuss the observed stiffness values in atherosclerosis and aging. Next, the endothelial response to stiffening and possibilities to attenuate this response are discussed. SUMMARY Future research that will define the endothelial contribution to stiffness-related cardiovascular disease may provide new targets for intervention to restore endothelial function in atherosclerosis and complement the use of currently applied lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aukie Hooglugt
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia Klatt
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences
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20
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Jurrissen TJ, Ramirez-Perez FI, Cabral-Amador FJ, Soares RN, Pettit-Mee RJ, Betancourt-Cortes EE, McMillan NJ, Sharma N, Rocha HNM, Fujie S, Morales-Quinones M, Lazo-Fernandez Y, Butler AA, Banerjee S, Sacks HS, Ibdah JA, Parks EJ, Rector RS, Manrique-Acevedo C, Martinez-Lemus LA, Padilla J. Role of adropin in arterial stiffening associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H879-H891. [PMID: 36083795 PMCID: PMC9602697 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00385.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adropin is a peptide largely secreted by the liver and known to regulate energy homeostasis; however, it also exerts cardiovascular effects. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that low circulating levels of adropin in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) contribute to arterial stiffening. In support of this hypothesis, we report that obesity and T2D are associated with reduced levels of adropin (in liver and plasma) and increased arterial stiffness in mice and humans. Establishing causation, we show that mesenteric arteries from adropin knockout mice are also stiffer, relative to arteries from wild-type counterparts, thus recapitulating the stiffening phenotype observed in T2D db/db mice. Given the above, we performed a set of follow-up experiments, in which we found that 1) exposure of endothelial cells or isolated mesenteric arteries from db/db mice to adropin reduces filamentous actin (F-actin) stress fibers and stiffness, 2) adropin-induced reduction of F-actin and stiffness in endothelial cells and db/db mesenteric arteries is abrogated by inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and 3) stimulation of smooth muscle cells or db/db mesenteric arteries with a NO mimetic reduces stiffness. Lastly, we demonstrated that in vivo treatment of db/db mice with adropin for 4 wk reduces stiffness in mesenteric arteries. Collectively, these findings indicate that adropin can regulate arterial stiffness, likely via endothelium-derived NO, and thus support the notion that "hypoadropinemia" should be considered as a putative target for the prevention and treatment of arterial stiffening in obesity and T2D.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Arterial stiffening, a characteristic feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Herein we establish that adropin is decreased in obese and T2D models and furthermore provide evidence that reduced adropin may directly contribute to arterial stiffening. Collectively, findings from this work support the notion that "hypoadropinemia" should be considered as a putative target for the prevention and treatment of arterial stiffening in obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Jurrissen
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | | | - Rogerio N Soares
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ryan J Pettit-Mee
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Neil J McMillan
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Neekun Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Helena N M Rocha
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mariana Morales-Quinones
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yoskaly Lazo-Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Andrew A Butler
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiological Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Subhashis Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiological Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Harold S Sacks
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jamal A Ibdah
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth J Parks
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
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Smith JA, Soares RN, McMillan NJ, Jurrissen TJ, Martinez-Lemus LA, Padilla J, Manrique-Acevedo C. Young Women Are Protected Against Vascular Insulin Resistance Induced by Adoption of an Obesogenic Lifestyle. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac137. [PMID: 35974454 PMCID: PMC10233280 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vascular insulin resistance is a feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes that contributes to the genesis of vascular disease and glycemic dysregulation. Data from preclinical models indicate that vascular insulin resistance is an early event in the disease course, preceding the development of insulin resistance in metabolically active tissues. Whether this is translatable to humans requires further investigation. To this end, we examined if vascular insulin resistance develops when young healthy individuals (n = 18 men, n = 18 women) transition to an obesogenic lifestyle that would ultimately cause whole-body insulin resistance. Specifically, we hypothesized that short-term (10 days) exposure to reduced ambulatory activity (from >10 000 to <5000 steps/day) and increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (6 cans/day) would be sufficient to prompt vascular insulin resistance. Furthermore, given that incidence of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease is lower in premenopausal women than in men, we postulated that young females would be protected against vascular insulin resistance. Consistent with this hypothesis, we report that after reduced ambulation and increased ingestion of carbonated beverages high in sugar, young healthy men, but not women, exhibited a blunted leg blood flow response to insulin and suppressed skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion. These findings were associated with a decrease in plasma adropin and nitrite concentrations. This is the first evidence in humans that vascular insulin resistance can be provoked by short-term adverse lifestyle changes. It is also the first documentation of a sexual dimorphism in the development of vascular insulin resistance in association with changes in adropin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rogerio N Soares
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Neil J McMillan
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thomas J Jurrissen
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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22
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Adam CA, Anghel R, Marcu DTM, Mitu O, Roca M, Mitu F. Impact of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors on Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Aging—What Do We Know So Far? (A Narrative Review). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060803. [PMID: 35743834 PMCID: PMC9224553 DOI: 10.3390/life12060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging, early vascular aging or supernormal vascular aging are concepts used for estimating the cardiovascular risk at a certain age. From the famous line of Thomas Sydenham that “a man is as old as his arteries” to the present day, clinical studies in the field of molecular biology of the vasculature have demonstrated the active role of vascular endothelium in the onset of cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness is an important cardiovascular risk factor associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events and a high risk of morbidity and mortality, especially in the presence of diabetes. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors decrease arterial stiffness and vascular resistance by decreasing endothelial cell activation, stimulating direct vasorelaxation and ameliorating endothelial dysfunction or expression of pro-atherogenic cells and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Andreea Adam
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr. 14, 700661 Iaşi, Romania; (C.A.A.); (R.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Razvan Anghel
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr. 14, 700661 Iaşi, Romania; (C.A.A.); (R.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Dragos Traian Marius Marcu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.T.M.M.); (O.M.)
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
- Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard nr. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.T.M.M.); (O.M.)
| | - Mihai Roca
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr. 14, 700661 Iaşi, Romania; (C.A.A.); (R.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr. 14, 700661 Iaşi, Romania; (C.A.A.); (R.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
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23
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Mao L, Yin R, Yang L, Zhao D. Role of advanced glycation end products on vascular smooth muscle cells under diabetic atherosclerosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:983723. [PMID: 36120471 PMCID: PMC9470882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.983723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease and leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. The progression of AS is a multi-step process leading to high morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), inflammation and insulin resistance which strictly involved in diabetes are closely related to the pathogenesis of AS. A growing number of studies have linked AGEs to AS. As one of the risk factors of cardiac metabolic diseases, dysfunction of VSMCs plays an important role in AS pathogenesis. AGEs are increased in diabetes, participate in the occurrence and progression of AS through multiple molecular mechanisms of vascular cell injury. As the main functional cells of vascular, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play different roles in each stage of atherosclerotic lesions. The interaction between AGEs and receptor for AGEs (RAGE) accelerates AS by affecting the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. In addition, increasing researches have reported that AGEs promote osteogenic transformation and macrophage-like transformation of VSMCs, and affect the progression of AS through other aspects such as autophagy and cell cycle. In this review, we summarize the effect of AGEs on VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaque development and progression. We also discuss the AGEs that link AS and diabetes mellitus, including oxidative stress, inflammation, RAGE ligands, small noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dong Zhao
- *Correspondence: Longyan Yang, ; Dong Zhao,
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