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Prévost D, Corbière M, Lachance JP, Lecomte T, Wong M, Lysaker PH. Preliminary validation of the Barriers to Employment and Coping Efficacy Scales for Veterans with a mental health condition (BECES-V) - assessing barriers and self-efficacy to returning to work. Disabil Rehabil 2025:1-10. [PMID: 40358132 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2025.2492310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2025] [Revised: 04/07/2025] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE Released Veterans with mental health conditions are three times more likely than civilians to experience limitations in work reintegration. Various tools have been developed to assess barriers impacting the return-to-work (RTW) process for Veterans transitioning to civilian life. The Barriers to Employment and Coping Efficacy Scales for Veterans (BECES-V) was designed to assess perceived barriers and self-efficacy among Veterans as they reintegrate the workplace following a prolonged absence. METHODS This study offers a preliminary validation of the BECES-V tool, specifically investigating: the dimensions of RTW obstacles while considering the literature and employing concept mapping procedure, the salient RTW obstacles experienced by Veterans with mental health conditions transitioning from military to civilian workplaces in Canada and the USA, and the strongest dimensions of RTW obstacles and self-efficacy, using logistic regression analyses. The study involved 92 Veterans who completed the BECES-V. RESULTS Health-related limitations and adaptability difficulties were salient in both countries; self-efficacy to overcome work-life balance difficulties, as well as mental health and military stigmatization, emerged as the strongest predictors of RTW. Utilizing BECES-V may help identify Veterans at increased risk for prolonged RTW, allowing rehabilitation professionals to address individualized obstacles and self-efficacy for successful RTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Prévost
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Corbière
- Department of Education - Career Counselling, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Centre of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Chair in Mental Health and Work, Foundation of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Lachance
- Research Centre of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tania Lecomte
- Research Centre of the Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - May Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul H Lysaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Bond GR, Metcalfe JD, Al-Abdulmunem M. Among Transitioning Veterans with Service-Connected Disabilities: Who Benefits Most from Career Coaching? J Behav Health Serv Res 2025:10.1007/s11414-025-09934-6. [PMID: 40011421 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-025-09934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025]
Abstract
U.S. service members transitioning from the military face formidable challenges to securing meaningful employment matching their preferences and qualifications. Despite diverse employment services, many veterans settle for dead-end jobs. This study examined personal characteristics predicting successful employment outcomes. In a secondary analysis of a controlled trial assessing 2-year employment outcomes for 205 transitioning veterans with service-connected disabilities participating in a career coaching program, multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify personal characteristics associated with employment outcomes, including characteristics differentiating who benefits more from a career coaching program, compared to usual services. Two employment outcomes were examined: job acquisition and employment earnings. The single best predictor of job acquisition was assignment to the career coaching intervention. Among 18 demographic, military service, and health and well-being measures, the only predictor of job acquisition was gender (91% of men and 79% of women worked during follow-up). Twelve personal characteristics were associated with mean monthly earnings from employment, including four demographic measures, three military service measures, and five measures of health and well-being. Disability ratings did not predict employment outcomes. Overall, career coaching helped veterans gain employment, regardless of their personal characteristics. Three personal characteristics differentiated veterans who benefited more from career coaching. Veterans reporting alcohol use and those who had a longer period of military service benefited more, as did veterans who were not depressed. The authors conclude that most veterans obtain civilian employment soon after separation from the military, but personal characteristics strongly influence their employment earnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Bond
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Justin D Metcalfe
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Inc, 1600 Rockville Boulevard, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Monirah Al-Abdulmunem
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Inc, 1600 Rockville Boulevard, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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Umucu E, Granger TA, Pan D, McGee T, Han E, Yates J, Barnas J, Barter C, Lee B. Initial validation of a short version of the PERMA profiler in a national sample of rural veterans. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1500659. [PMID: 39555036 PMCID: PMC11563945 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1500659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Military veterans residing in rural areas face unique challenges that can impact their wellbeing, including limited access to healthcare resources, social isolation, and distinct environmental stressors. Despite growing interest in veteran wellbeing, there remains a gap in understanding how service-connected disabilities and health conditions intersect with wellbeing in rural contexts. Methods This study employed a comprehensive approach to investigate the relationships between wellbeing, service-connected disabilities, and health outcomes among rural veterans. First, a short version of the PERMA Profiler was psychometrically validated for use among rural veterans. Then, associations between wellbeing and mental/physical health outcomes were examined. Lastly, differences in wellbeing between veterans with and without service-connected disabilities were evaluated. Results The psychometric validation of the short-form PERMA Profiler yielded robust results, establishing its reliability and validity for assessing wellbeing among rural veterans. Significant positive associations were found between wellbeing and mental/physical health outcomes. Moreover, rural veterans with service-connected disabilities exhibited lower wellbeing scores compared to those without such disabilities. Conclusion This study enhances our understanding of wellbeing among rural veterans, emphasizing the importance of considering service-connected disabilities and health conditions. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and support systems tailored to the specific needs of rural veterans, particularly those with service-connected disabilities. Recognizing and addressing these factors are crucial steps toward enhancing the overall wellbeing of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Umucu
- Public Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- South Texas VA Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Teresa Ann Granger
- Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
- Research & Development, Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Deyu Pan
- Rehabilitation and Human Services, Penn State Wilkes-Barre, Lehman, PA, United States
| | - Traci McGee
- Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Eunae Han
- Department of Counseling and Special Education, College of Education, The University of Texas, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jim Yates
- Michigan Center for Rural Health, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - John Barnas
- Michigan Center for Rural Health, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Crystal Barter
- Michigan Center for Rural Health, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Beatrice Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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Mattocks KM, Shenette LL, Walker L, Maher N, Haskell S. Understanding Women's Transitions from Military to Department of Veterans Affairs Care. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:1185-1197. [PMID: 38836756 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2024.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Over the past two decades, increasing numbers of women have served in the military, with women now comprising 17.3% of active-duty personnel and 21.4% of National Guard and reserves. During military service, women often incur painful musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries related to carrying heavy loads and wearing ill-fitting gear. While women may receive initial care for these injuries under the auspices of the Department of Defense (DoD), these injuries often linger and further treatment in required as women transition to Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) care. However, little is known about this transition process, and whether women are given adequate information and support regarding how to access VA care after their military service has ended. Research Design: To better understand these issues, we interviewed 65 women veterans with military service-related MSK injuries about their transition from DoD to VA care. Results: Six major themes emerged from the interviews. Those themes were: (1) Military injuries are often related to ill-fitting gear or carrying heavy loads; (2) Stigma/discrimination related to military injuries; (3) Limited assistance with transition between DoD and VA to manage ongoing injuries and pain; (4) Women have a difficult time managing perceptions and expectations of their weight after military service; (5) Childcare is a substantial burden for veterans in self-care; and (6) veterans desire peer-support services to help them stay healthy. Conclusions: Based on these findings, DoD and VA should continue to work together to develop programs to educate and support women as they transition from military to VA care. Furthermore, VA should consider developing peer support programs for women Veterans who may require additional support to maintain health, especially among Veteran mothers who have complex family responsibilities that may limit their ability to focus on their own health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Mattocks
- VA Central Western Massachusetts Healthcare System, Leeds, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa L Shenette
- VA Central Western Massachusetts Healthcare System, Leeds, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorrie Walker
- VA Central Western Massachusetts Healthcare System, Leeds, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy Maher
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sally Haskell
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Vest BM, Hoopsick RA, Homish DL, Kulak JA, Homish GG. Longitudinal Effects of Military Separation and Mental Health Symptomatology on Substance Use Among a Cohort of Reservists. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2024; 85:528-536. [PMID: 38319103 PMCID: PMC11289865 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.23-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between mental health and substance use among military populations is well established, and evidence suggests that these risks may be greater for those who have left the military. However, it is less clear what independent effects leaving the military may have on substance use behaviors. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between leaving the military and substance use outcomes (hazardous drinking, frequent heavy drinking, nonmedical use of prescription drugs, illicit drug use) in a cohort of Reserve and National Guard (R/NG) soldiers. Further, we examined whether mental health symptoms moderate the relationship between leaving the military and substance use. METHOD Analyses used data (N = 485 soldiers) from the first four annual waves of Operation: SAFETY, an ongoing prospective cohort study of U.S. Army R/NG soldiers and their spouses. We used generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to examine the relationships between military status (former vs. current soldier) and substance use outcomes over 4 years. Last, we examined interactions between military status and mental health indicators (anxiety, anger, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder) on substance use over time. RESULTS After we controlled for sex, age, race, years of military service, sleep problems, bodily pain, and substance use norms, being a former soldier, compared with being a current soldier, was associated with greater odds of current illicit drug use (adjusted odds ratio = 2.86, 95% CI [1.47, 5.57]; p < .01). Mental health symptomatology did not moderate the relationship between leaving the military and current drug use. CONCLUSIONS Leaving the military in and of itself may result in increased drug use for some individuals, regardless of mental health symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie M. Vest
- Department of Family Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Rachel A. Hoopsick
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - D. Lynn Homish
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jessica A. Kulak
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gregory G. Homish
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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Bond GR, Al-Abdulmunem M, Ressler DR, Drake RE. Mental Health Impact of COVID Pandemic on Veterans Transitioning from Military. J Behav Health Serv Res 2024; 51:275-288. [PMID: 38133794 PMCID: PMC10940484 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-023-09869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Bond
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Inc., New Hampshire Office, Wheeler Professional Park, 1 Oak Ridge Road, Building 3, Second Floor, Suite 2 West, West Lebanon, NH, 03784, USA.
| | - Monirah Al-Abdulmunem
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Inc., New Hampshire Office, Wheeler Professional Park, 1 Oak Ridge Road, Building 3, Second Floor, Suite 2 West, West Lebanon, NH, 03784, USA
| | - Daniel R Ressler
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Inc., New Hampshire Office, Wheeler Professional Park, 1 Oak Ridge Road, Building 3, Second Floor, Suite 2 West, West Lebanon, NH, 03784, USA
| | - Robert E Drake
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Inc., New Hampshire Office, Wheeler Professional Park, 1 Oak Ridge Road, Building 3, Second Floor, Suite 2 West, West Lebanon, NH, 03784, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Kamdar N, Khan S, Brostow DP, Spencer L, Roy S, Sisson A, Hundt NE. Association between modifiable social determinants and mental health among post-9/11 Veterans: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF MILITARY, VETERAN AND FAMILY HEALTH 2023; 9:8-26. [PMID: 37886122 PMCID: PMC10601397 DOI: 10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction As U.S. Veterans reintegrate from active duty to civilian life, many are at risk for negative modifiable social determinants of health. The prevalence of mental health conditions among Veterans is also high. Awareness of the associations between these two factors is growing. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of knowledge of the associations between modifiable social determinants and mental health among U.S. Veterans. Methods The authors systematically searched four databases and identified 28 articles representing 25 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. Findings from the studies were extracted and synthesized on the basis of modifiable social determinants. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Methodological Quality Questionnaire. Results The studies identified in the systematic review examined three modifiable social determinants of health: 1) housing stability, 2) employment and finances, and 3) social support. Although the lack of validity for measures of housing stability, employment, and finances compromised study quality, the overall evidence suggests that Veterans with access to supportive social determinants had better mental health status. Evidence was particularly robust for the association between strong social support and lower symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Discussion Current evidence suggests the need to consider modifiable social determinants of health when designing mental health interventions. However, more research encompassing a wider range of modifiable social determinants such as food security, education, and transportation and using comprehensive methods and validated instruments is needed. Future research also needs to intentionally include Veterans from diverse racial-ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipa Kamdar
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sundas Khan
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Diana P. Brostow
- Veterans Health Administration Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Lia Spencer
- Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sharmily Roy
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Amy Sisson
- The Texas Medical Center Library, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Natalie E. Hundt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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Valladares-Garrido MJ, Picón-Reátegui CK, Zila-Velasque JP, Grados-Espinoza P, Vera-Ponce VJ, Pereira-Victorio CJ, Valladares-Garrido D, Failoc-Rojas VE. Depression and anxiety in peruvian military personnel during the pandemic context: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:691. [PMID: 37055833 PMCID: PMC10100618 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased workload and stress could have increased mental health problems (anxiety and depression) in military personnel. However, the number of studies in military members is scarce, especially in regard to mental health. The objective of this study was determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety in Peruvian military personnel. METHODS We undertook an analytical cross-sectional study. The survey was distributed face to face between November 02 and 09, 2021, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic among the military personnel. We used some instruments to measure depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI), food insecurity (Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, HFIAS), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaires, IPAQ-S), resilience (abbreviated CD-RISC), and fear of COVID-19 scale. The exclusion criteria included those who did not completely fill out the evaluation instruments. RESULTS We analyzed the data of 615 military personnel that participated in the survey. Of them, 93.7% were male and the median age was 22 years old. There was a prevalence of 29.9% and 22.0% in regard to depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. In addition, it was found that being married (PR: 0.63; 95% IC: 0.42-0.94), having a relative with mental health problems (PR: 2.16), having experienced food insecurity (PR: 1.48), insomnia (PR: 2.71), fear of COVID-19 (PR: 1.48), and a high level of resilience (PR: 0.65) were factors associated with depression. In regard to anxiety, the factors associated were working for more than 18 months since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (PR: 0.52), a high level of resilience (PR: 0.50; 95% IC: 0.33-0.77), insomnia (PR: 3.32), fear of COVID-19 (PR: 2.43). CONCLUSION We found a prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety of 29.9% and 22.0%, respectively. In regard to the factors that attenuate depression, we can mention being married and having resilience; and among the aggravating factors, having a relative with mental health problems, food insecurity, insomnia, and fear of COVID-19. Finally, anxiety increased through working time, insomnia, and fear of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura, Peru
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo, Peru
| | | | - J. Pierre Zila-Velasque
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco, Peru
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco, Peru
| | - Pamela Grados-Espinoza
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco, Peru
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco, Peru
| | - Víctor J. Vera-Ponce
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, 15039 Peru
- Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima, 15046 Peru
| | | | - Danai Valladares-Garrido
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura, Peru
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Salud Ambiental, Hospital de Apoyo II Santa Rosa, Piura, Peru
| | - Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
- Research Unit for Generation and Synthesis Evidence in Health, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
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Bond GR, Al-Abdulmunem M, Ressler DR, Gade DM, Drake RE. A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Employment Program for Veterans Transitioning from the Military: Two-Year Outcomes. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2022; 49:1072-1083. [PMID: 35819542 PMCID: PMC9616746 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-022-01208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Military personnel face numerous challenges transitioning from military jobs to meaningful civilian employment. Many veterans seek help finding employment, but few veteran employment programs have been rigorously studied. Transitioning veterans generally have access to Local Community Resources (LCR), which include the Veterans Health Administration vocational rehabilitation services, the state-federal Vocational Rehabilitation program, and the Department of Labor's American Job Centers. By contrast, the innovative National Career Coach Program (NCCP) offers intensive career coaching and financial incentives for working. METHODS This study used a randomized controlled design to compare the NCCP and LCR approaches for 208 transitioning service members (recent or pending transition). Researchers conducted interviews by telephone every four months for two years. Outcomes included earnings, months worked, and standardized self-report measures of health and well-being. Findings At two-year follow-up, significantly more NCCP participants had worked in paid employment than LCR participants (95% vs. 83%). NCCP participants averaged $2568 in monthly earnings compared to $1865 for LCR participants, thus averaging $16,872 more total income per participant over the two-year period. Employment outcomes significantly improved between Year 1 and Year 2. NCCP participants also reported significantly greater improvements in both physical and mental health compared to LCR participants. Average monthly earnings correlated with changes in health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Veterans receiving multi-faceted employment services early in the transition from the military showed sustained benefit over a two-year period with increased earnings over time and improved mental and physical outcomes. Positive employment outcomes may have contributed to improved health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R. Bond
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Rivermill Commercial Center, 85 Mechanic St., Lebanon, NH 03766 USA
| | - Monirah Al-Abdulmunem
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Rivermill Commercial Center, 85 Mechanic St., Lebanon, NH 03766 USA
| | - Daniel R. Ressler
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Rivermill Commercial Center, 85 Mechanic St., Lebanon, NH 03766 USA
| | - Daniel M. Gade
- Virginia Department of Veterans Services, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Robert E. Drake
- Social Policy and Economics Research, Westat, Rivermill Commercial Center, 85 Mechanic St., Lebanon, NH 03766 USA
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Ingoglia C. Committing to Resilience in Tough Times. J Behav Health Serv Res 2022; 49:259-261. [PMID: 35596112 PMCID: PMC9134712 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-022-09802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuck Ingoglia
- National Council for Mental Wellbeing, Washington, D.C, USA.
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