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Jin Z, Wang X. Traditional Chinese medicine and plant-derived natural products in regulating triglyceride metabolism: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107387. [PMID: 39216839 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiometabolic disease is increasing globally, with a trend toward younger age of onset. Among these, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the efficacy of traditional lipid-lowering drugs, such as statins, in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, a significant residual risk of cardiovascular events remains, which is closely related to unmet triglyceride (TG) targets. The clinical application of current TG-lowering Western medicines has certain limitations, necessitating alternative or complementary therapeutic strategies. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and plant-derived natural products, known for their safety owing to their natural origins and diverse biological activities, offer promising avenues for TG regulation with potentially fewer side effects. This review systematically summarises the mechanisms of TG metabolism and subsequently reviews the regulatory effects of TCM and plant-derived natural products on TG metabolism, including the inhibition of TG synthesis (via endogenous and exogenous pathways), promotion of TG catabolism, regulation of fatty acid absorption and transport, enhancement of lipophagy, modulation of the gut microbiota, and other mechanisms. In conclusion, through a comprehensive analysis of recent studies, this review consolidates the multifaceted regulatory roles of TCM and plant-derived natural products in TG metabolism and elucidates their potential as safer, multi-target therapeutic agents in managing hypertriglyceridemia and mitigating cardiovascular risk, thereby providing a basis for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Jin
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Zhou H, Yang M, Chen J, Tang Y, Shao J, Wang Z, Zhao C. Phenolic Glycosides from Viburnum chinshanense Leaves and their α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400236. [PMID: 38380697 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of Viburnum chinshanense leaves led to the isolation and identification of four new phenolic glycosides, viburninsides A-D (1-4), and eight known analogues (5-12). The structures of the four undescribed compounds were determined by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS, and their containing sugar units were confirmed by acid hydrolysis and HPLC analysis of the monosaccharide's chiral derivatives. Additionally, the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds were assessed. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 9, and 10 exhibited potential inhibitory activities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 35.07 μM to 47.42 μM and 18.27 μM to 43.65 μM, respectively. Molecular docking analysis of compound 4 with the strongest inhibition against the target enzymes was also conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &, Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengya Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &, Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &, Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &, Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Shao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &, Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &, Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunchao Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture &, Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
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Mulberry Leaf Extract Improves Metabolic Syndrome by Alleviating Lipid Accumulation In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165111. [PMID: 36014355 PMCID: PMC9416217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a metabolic disease with multiple complications. Mulberry leaf extract (MLE) is rich in flavonoids and has great potential in alleviating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. This study evaluated the effect and mechanism of MLE on the alleviation of MS. The components of the MLE were analyzed, and then the regulation of lipid metabolism by MLE in vitro and in vivo was determined. In a hepatocyte model of oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation, it was found that MLE alleviated lipid accumulation and decreased the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis. Furthermore, MLE improved obesity, insulin resistance, plasma lipid profile, and liver function in MS mice after a 15-week intervention. MLE decreased the expression of SREBP1, ACC, and FAS through the AMPK signaling pathway to inhibit lipid synthesis and increase the level of CPT1A to promote lipid decomposition to achieve its hypolipidemic effect. Meanwhile, MLE was also shown to affect the composition of the gut microbiota and the production of short-chain fatty acids, which contributed to the alleviation of lipid accumulation. Our results suggest that MLE can improve MS by improving lipid metabolism through multiple mechanisms and can be developed into dietary supplements for the improvement of MS.
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Liu Y, Wang M, Cao Y, Zeng M, Zhang Q, Ren Y, Chen X, He C, Fan X, Zheng X, Feng W. Chemical Constituents from the Flowers of Carthamus tinctorius L. and Their Lung Protective Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113573. [PMID: 35684510 PMCID: PMC9182397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new flavonoid, saffloflavanside (1), a new sesquiterpene, safflomegastigside (2), and a new amide, saffloamide (3), together with twenty-two known compounds (4-25), were isolated from the flowers of Carthamus tinctorius L. Their structures were determined based on interpretation of their spectroscopic data and comparison with those reported in the literature. The protective effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated damage on human normal lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells of the compounds were evaluated using MTT assay and cellular immunofluorescence assay. The results showed that compounds 2-3, 8-11, and 15-19 exhibited protective effects against LPS-induced damage to BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, compounds 2-3, 8-11, and 15-19 can significantly downregulate the level of nuclear translocation of NF-κB p-p65. In summary, this study revealed chemical constituents with lung protective activity from C. tinctorius, which may be developed as a drug for the treatment of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.R.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (X.F.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengna Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.R.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (X.F.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yangang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.R.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (X.F.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengnan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.R.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (X.F.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.R.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (X.F.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yingjie Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.R.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (X.F.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.R.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (X.F.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chen He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.R.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (X.F.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiling Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.R.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (X.F.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.R.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (X.F.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (W.F.)
| | - Weisheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (Y.L.); (M.W.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Y.R.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (X.F.)
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine, Development of Henan Province China, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (W.F.)
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