1
|
Kummur KN, Pujar MS, Patil MB, Madar M, Sidarai AH. Spectroscopic Investigation of Coumarin Based Novel Fluorescent TURN OFF Sensor for the Selective Detection of Fe 3+: In-vitro Live Cell Imaging Application. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-023-03573-w. [PMID: 38252216 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The novel TURN-OFF fluorescent sensors 4-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxymethyl)-7-hydroxy-chromen-2-one (4BHC) and 4-(6-Bromo-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxymethyl)-7-hydroxy-chromen-2-one (4BBHC) are designed and synthesized for the spectrofluorometric detection of the biologically important Fe3+ ions, which has sensitive and selective fluorescence quenching over other competitive metal ions. The effectiveness of the sensors and rapid response are validated through UV-Visible, and fluorescence spectral changes. These spectral changes could be due to the formation of coordination bond between ligand and metal ion. The binding stoichiometry of both sensors with Fe3+ ions is studied with the help of Job's plot, which gives a 1:2 coordination ratio; this is further confirmed through DFT, IR and NMR studies. The association constants of 4BHC and 4BBHC are calculated through Benesie-Hildebrand plots, and they are found to be 6 × 104 M-1 and 11.2 × 104 M-1 respectively. Following, LOD is calculated to define the range of sensitivity of the proposed sensors and is found to be 3.43 μM and 2.14 μM respectively. The chemical hardness parameter suggested that both sensors are soft molecules. In addition, low cytotoxicity levels of 4BHC and 4BBHC led to the demonstration of their efficacy in In-Vitro imaging of Fe3+ ions inside living cells, which ensures that these sensors are promising candidates for bioimaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Malatesh S Pujar
- Department of Physics, KLE Dr.M.S Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Belagavi, 590008, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Mahesh Madar
- Department of Studies in Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India
- Department of Physics, V.M.K. S.R Vastrad Arts, Science & V.S.Bellihal Commerce College, Hungund, 587118, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashok H Sidarai
- Department of Studies in Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu Y, Wu P, Liu S, Yang J, Wu F, Cao W, Yang Y, Zheng B, Xiong H. Electron-Withdrawing Substituents Allow Boosted NIR-II Fluorescence in J-Type Aggregates for Bioimaging and Information Encryption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313166. [PMID: 37817512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing molecular fluorophores with enhanced fluorescence in aggregate state for the second near-infrared (NIR-II) imaging is highly desirable but remains a tremendous challenge due to the lack of reliable design guidelines. Herein, we report an aromatic substituent strategy to construct highly bright NIR-II J-aggregates. Introduction of electron-withdrawing substituents at 3,5-aryl and meso positions of classic boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) skeleton can promote slip-stacked J-type arrangement and further boost NIR-II fluorescence of J-aggregates via increased electrostatic repulsion and intermolecular hydrogen bond interaction. Notably, NOBDP-NO2 with three nitro groups (-NO2 ) shows intense NIR-II fluorescence at 1065 nm and high absolute quantum yield of 3.21 % in solid state, which can be successfully applied in bioimaging, high-level encoding encryption, and information storage. Moreover, guided by this electron-withdrawing substituent strategy, other skeletons (thieno-fused BODIPY, aza-BODIPY, and heptamethine cyanine) modified with -NO2 are converted into J-type aggregates with enhanced NIR-II fluorescence, showing great potential to convert aggregation caused emission quenching (ACQ) dyes into brilliant J-aggregates. This study provides a universal method for construction of strong NIR-II emissive J-aggregates by rationally manipulating molecular packing and establishing relationships among molecular structures, intermolecular interactions, and fluorescence properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Senyao Liu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Jieyu Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Fapu Wu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Cao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuexia Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingbing Zheng
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Hu Xiong
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ju CW, Wang XC, Li B, Ma Q, Shi Y, Zhang J, Xu Y, Peng Q, Zhao D. Evolution of organic phosphor through precision regulation of nonradiative decay. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310883120. [PMID: 37934818 PMCID: PMC10655561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310883120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of single-component organic phosphor attracts increasing interest due to its wide applications in optoelectronic technologies. Theoretically, activating efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) via 1(π, π*) to 3(π, π*) transitions, rather than 1(n, π*) → 3(π, π*) transitions, is an alternative access to purely organic phosphors but remains challenging. Herein, we designed and successfully synthesized the sila-8-membered ring fused biaryl benzoskeleton by transition metal catalysis, which served as a new organic phosphor with efficient 1(π, π*) to 3(π, π*) ISC. We first found that such a compound exhibits a record-long phosphorescence lifetime of 6.5 s at low temperature for single-component organic systems. Then, we developed two strategies to tune their decay channels to evolve such nonemissive molecules into bright phosphors with elongated lifetimes at room temperature: 1) Physic-based design, where quantitative analyses of electron-phonon coupling led us to reveal and hinder the major nonradiative channels, thus lighted up room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with a lifetime of 480 ms at 298 K; 2) chemical geometry-driven molecular engineering, where a geometry-based descriptor ΔΘT1-S0/ΘS0 was developed for rational screening RTP candidates and further improved the RTP lifetime to 794 ms. This study clearly shows the power of interdiscipline among synthetic methodology, physics-based rational design, and computational modeling, which represents a paradigm for the development of an organic emitter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Ju
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiushi Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI53233
| | - Yuhao Shi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY10003
| | - Qian Peng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao T, Jiang S, Wang Y, Hu J, Lin FL, Meng L, Gao P, Chen XL, Lu CZ. Realizing High-Efficiency Orange-Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials through the Construction of Intramolecular Noncovalent Interactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37315213 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly efficient orange and red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials for constructing full-color and white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) remains insufficient because of the formidable challenges in molecular design, such as the severe radiationless decay and the intrinsic trade-off between the efficiencies of radiative decay and reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Herein, we design two high-efficiency orange and orange-red TADF molecules by constructing intermolecular noncovalent interactions. This strategy could not only ensure high emission efficiency via suppression of the nonradiative relaxation and enhancement of the radiative transition but also create intermediate triplet excited states to ensure the RISC process. Both emitters exhibit typical TADF characteristics, with a fast radiative rate and a low nonradiative rate. Photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of the orange (TPA-PT) and orange-red (DMAC-PT) materials reach up to 94 and 87%, respectively. Benefiting from the excellent photophysical properties and stability, OLEDs based on these TADF emitters realize orange to orange-red electroluminescence with high external quantum efficiencies reaching 26.2%. The current study demonstrates that the introduction of intermolecular noncovalent interactions is a feasible strategy for designing highly efficient orange to red TADF materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yashu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jiaxuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Fu-Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Lingyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Peng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Can-Zhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
One Fluorophore‐Two Sensing Films: Hydrogen‐Bond Directed Formation of a Quadruple Perylene Bisimide Stack. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201974. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
6
|
Fu S, Yin X, Tang Y, Xie G, Yang C. Tuning the structures of polypyridinium salts as bifunctional cathode interfacial layers for all-solution-processed red quantum-dot light-emitting diodes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Chen S, Wang XD, Zhuo MP, Lv Q, Liu JF, Liao LS. Organic white-light sources: multiscale construction of organic luminescent materials from molecular to macroscopic level. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Zhou HP, Wu SX, Duan YC, Gao FW, Pan QQ, Kan YH, Su ZM. The combination of skeleton-engineering and periphery-engineering: a design strategy for organic doublet emitters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26853-26862. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03948f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of radicals based on tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) were theoretically designed and evaluated by combining skeleton-engineering and periphery-engineering strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shui-Xing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion of Hainan Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Ying-Chen Duan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Feng-Wei Gao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qing-Qing Pan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu-He Kan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiao Y, Wang H, Xie Z, Shen M, Huang R, Miao Y, Liu G, Yu T, Huang W. NIR TADF emitters and OLEDs: challenges, progress, and perspectives. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8906-8923. [PMID: 36091200 PMCID: PMC9365097 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting materials show excellent potential applications in the fields of military technology, bioimaging, optical communication, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), etc. Recently, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have made historic developments in the field of OLEDs. These metal-free materials are more attractive because of efficient reverse intersystem crossing processes which result in promising high efficiencies in OLEDs. However, the development of NIR TADF emitters has progressed at a relatively slower pace which could be ascribed to the difficult promotion of external quantum efficiencies. Thus, increasing attention has been paid to NIR TADF emitters. In this review, the recent progress of NIR TADF emitters has been summarized along with their molecular design strategies and photophysical properties, as well as electroluminescence performance data of their OLEDs, respectively. This review presents the recent progress of NIR TADF emitters along with their molecular design strategies and photophysical properties, as well as the electroluminescence performance data of the emitters and their OLEDs.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zongliang Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Mingyao Shen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Rongjuan Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Guanyu Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|