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Huang L, Chen Y, Liu R, Li B, Fei X, Li X, Liu G, Li Y, Xu B, Fang W. P-Glycoprotein Aggravates Blood Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Experimental Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting Endothelial Autophagy. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1546-1561. [PMID: 36186136 PMCID: PMC9466967 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is expressed on brain microvessel endothelial cells of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and elevated after cerebral ischemia. In this study, we explored the influence and potential mechanisms of P-gp on BBB function in experimental ischemic stroke in vivo and in vitro. Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was created in mice. Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was performed in brain microvascular vessel-derived endothelial cells (bEnd.3) to mimic ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro. P-gp-specific siRNA and pharmacological inhibitor cyclosporine A were used to inhibit P-gp, whereas pcDNA3.1 was utilized to overexpress P-gp. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, acute ischemic stroke outcome, BBB integrity and permeability, autophagic proteins and relative signaling pathways were evaluated. P-gp levels were markedly elevated in mouse brain and endothelial cells following MCAO/R and OGD/R, respectively. P-gp siRNA silencing or pharmacologically inhibiting (cyclosporine A) reduced infarct volume and brain edema, attenuated brain pathology, and improved neurological behavior in association with attenuated accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages, reduced expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1). P-gp silence also counteracted BBB leakage, restored the expressions of tight junction proteins (Claudin-5, Occludin and ZO-1), activated autophagic proteins (upregulated LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin 1, and downregulated P62), and diminished Akt/mTOR signal activity in mice following MCAO/R. In the endothelial cell OGD/R assay, P-gp silence downregulated the expressions of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, inhibited leukocytes adhesion and migration, increased tight junction protein levels, and activated autophagy, all were reversible by forceful P-gp expression. Additionally, treatment with an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) abolished protections against ischemic stroke and tight junction proteins reduction followed by P-gp silence. In conclusion, increased P-gp expression after ischemic injury resulted in BBB dysfunction and hyperpermeability by suppressing Akt/mTOR-induced endothelial autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Xuan Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Ge Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Yunman Li () and Dr. Weirong Fang (), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baohui Xu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Yunman Li () and Dr. Weirong Fang (), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Fuentes E, Moore-Carrasco R, de Andrade Paes AM, Trostchansky A. Role of Platelet Activation and Oxidative Stress in the Evolution of Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:509-520. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248419861437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction, commonly known as heart attack, evolves from the rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaques to coronary thrombosis and myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. A body of evidence supports a close relationship between the alterations following an ischemia–reperfusion injury-induced oxidative stress and platelet activity. Through their critical role in thrombogenesis and inflammatory responses, platelets are fully (totally) implicated from atherothrombotic plaque formation to myocardial infarction onset and expansion. However, mere platelet aggregation prevention does not offer full protection, suggesting that other antiplatelet therapy mechanisms may also be involved. Thus, the present review discusses the integrative role of platelets, oxidative stress, and antiplatelet therapy in triggering myocardial infarction pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunohematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Investigación Asociativa en Cáncer Gástrico (PIA-CG), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Health Sciences Graduate Program and Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Andres Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Lai JCY, Rocha-Ferreira E, Ek CJ, Wang X, Hagberg H, Mallard C. Immune responses in perinatal brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 63:210-223. [PMID: 27865947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The perinatal period has often been described as immune deficient. However, it has become clear that immune responses in the neonate following exposure to microbes or as a result of tissue injury may be substantial and play a role in perinatal brain injury. In this article we will review the immune cell composition under normal physiological conditions in the perinatal period, both in the human and rodent. We will summarize evidence of the inflammatory responses to stimuli and discuss how neonatal immune activation, both in the central nervous system and in the periphery, may contribute to perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline C Y Lai
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eridan Rocha-Ferreira
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Joakim Ek
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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