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Ament SA, Campbell RR, Lobo MK, Receveur JP, Agrawal K, Borjabad A, Byrareddy SN, Chang L, Clarke D, Emani P, Gabuzda D, Gaulton KJ, Giglio M, Giorgi FM, Gok B, Guda C, Hadas E, Herb BR, Hu W, Huttner A, Ishmam MR, Jacobs MM, Kelschenbach J, Kim DW, Lee C, Liu S, Liu X, Madras BK, Mahurkar AA, Mash DC, Mukamel EA, Niu M, O'Connor RM, Pagan CM, Pang APS, Pillai P, Repunte-Canonigo V, Ruzicka WB, Stanley J, Tickle T, Tsai SYA, Wang A, Wills L, Wilson AM, Wright SN, Xu S, Yang J, Zand M, Zhang L, Zhang J, Akbarian S, Buch S, Cheng CS, Corley MJ, Fox HS, Gerstein M, Gummuluru S, Heiman M, Ho YC, Kellis M, Kenny PJ, Kluger Y, Milner TA, Moore DJ, Morgello S, Ndhlovu LC, Rana TM, Sanna PP, Satterlee JS, Sestan N, Spector SA, Spudich S, Tilgner HU, Volsky DJ, White OR, Williams DW, Zeng H. The single-cell opioid responses in the context of HIV (SCORCH) consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02620-7. [PMID: 38879719 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) and drug addiction are major threats to public health, impacting not only the millions of individuals struggling with SUD, but also surrounding families and communities. One of the seminal challenges in treating and studying addiction in human populations is the high prevalence of co-morbid conditions, including an increased risk of contracting a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Of the ~15 million people who inject drugs globally, 17% are persons with HIV. Conversely, HIV is a risk factor for SUD because chronic pain syndromes, often encountered in persons with HIV, can lead to an increased use of opioid pain medications that in turn can increase the risk for opioid addiction. We hypothesize that SUD and HIV exert shared effects on brain cell types, including adaptations related to neuroplasticity, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. Basic research is needed to refine our understanding of these affected cell types and adaptations. Studying the effects of SUD in the context of HIV at the single-cell level represents a compelling strategy to understand the reciprocal interactions among both conditions, made feasible by the availability of large, extensively-phenotyped human brain tissue collections that have been amassed by the Neuro-HIV research community. In addition, sophisticated animal models that have been developed for both conditions provide a means to precisely evaluate specific exposures and stages of disease. We propose that single-cell genomics is a uniquely powerful technology to characterize the effects of SUD and HIV in the brain, integrating data from human cohorts and animal models. We have formed the Single-Cell Opioid Responses in the Context of HIV (SCORCH) consortium to carry out this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Ament
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Mary Kay Lobo
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Linda Chang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Dana Gabuzda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Michelle Giglio
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eran Hadas
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian R Herb
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wen Hu
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheyu Lee
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shuhui Liu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaokun Liu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anup A Mahurkar
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Meng Niu
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - Piya Pillai
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - W Brad Ruzicka
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Allen Wang
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Wills
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Siwei Xu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Maryam Zand
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Le Zhang
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Shilpa Buch
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | - Howard S Fox
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | - Myriam Heiman
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ya-Chi Ho
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - David J Moore
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan Morgello
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tariq M Rana
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David J Volsky
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Owen R White
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
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Chhagan U, Ntlantsana V, Karim E, Thela L, Tomita A, Chiliza B, Paruk S. Clinical presentation of first episode psychosis in people with and without HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38803138 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM Mental disorders and HIV are the main contributors to the increase in years lived with disability rates per person in sub-Saharan Africa. A complex inter-relationship exists between HIV and mental illness, especially in a region with a high HIV prevalence. We examined the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), and the nature of psychotic and cognitive symptoms in people with first episode psychosis (FEP) living with and without HIV. METHODS Adults aged between 18 and 45 years were assessed using a clinical interview, physical examination and several psychiatric tools. These included the Mini International Neuro-psychiatric Interview to confirm psychosis, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, International HIV Dementia Scale and other scales to measure symptom variables. HIV ELISA was used for HIV serology testing, with measures being carried out within 6 weeks of the first presentation. RESULTS Of the 172 people presenting with FEP, 36 (21%) had comorbid HIV, those with both being older and more likely to be female (p < .001). Clinically, participants with FEP and HIV scored lower on the positive subscale (p = .008). There were no statistically significant differences for DUP or cognitive screening. Of those living with HIV and FEP (n = 36) comorbidity, nine were newly diagnosed with HIV at the time of the study. CONCLUSION Individuals presenting with FEP and comorbid HIV were older, female and reported more mood symptoms. The identification of nine new HIV infections also reflects the ongoing need to test for HIV in people presenting with severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Chhagan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vuyokazi Ntlantsana
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Enver Karim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lindokuhle Thela
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew Tomita
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bonginkosi Chiliza
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Saeeda Paruk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Towe SL, Tang R, Gibson MJ, Zhang AR, Meade CS. Longitudinal changes in neurocognitive performance related to drug use intensity in a sample of persons with and without HIV who use illicit stimulants. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 251:110923. [PMID: 37598454 PMCID: PMC10538396 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Illicit stimulant use remains a public health concern that has been associated with multiple adverse outcomes, including cognitive deficits. The effects of stimulant use on cognition may be particularly deleterious in persons with HIV. Stimulant use intensity may be an important factor in the magnitude of observed deficits over time. METHODS We completed neurocognitive testing in a sample of people who use stimulants with (n = 84) and without HIV (n = 123) at baseline and up to 4 follow-up time points over approximately 1 year. Participants reported on substance use at each visit, including frequency of use and stimulant dependence. Mixed effects models examined the relationship between stimulant-related factors and neurocognitive function over time. RESULTS Participants were mostly male (57%), African American (86%), and 47.41 years old on average. All participants actively used stimulants at enrollment and use remained prevalent throughout the follow-up period, with an average of ≥24 days of use in the past 90 days at all time points. Retention was excellent, with 86% completing all 4 follow-up assessments. Mixed effects models showed that stimulant dependence was associated with lower neurocognitive performance independent of HIV status (p = 0.002), whereas frequency of use had a greater negative impact on performance in participants with HIV compared to those without HIV (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Our key finding is that stimulant-related factors are associated with neurocognitive performance over time, but in complex ways. These findings have important implications for harm reduction approaches, particularly those that target cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L Towe
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Runshi Tang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Statistics, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Matthew J Gibson
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anru R Zhang
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Christina S Meade
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Namba MD, Xie Q, Barker JM. Advancing the preclinical study of comorbid neuroHIV and substance use disorders: Current perspectives and future directions. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:453-475. [PMID: 37567486 PMCID: PMC10528352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a persistent public health concern throughout the world. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a common comorbidity that can worsen treatment outcomes for people living with HIV. The relationship between HIV infection and SUD outcomes is likely bidirectional, making clear interrogation of neurobehavioral outcomes challenging in clinical populations. Importantly, the mechanisms through which HIV and addictive drugs disrupt homeostatic immune and CNS function appear to be highly overlapping and synergistic within HIV-susceptible reward and motivation circuitry in the central nervous system. Decades of animal research have revealed invaluable insights into mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology SUDs and HIV, although translational studies examining comorbid SUDs and HIV are very limited due to the technical challenges of modeling HIV infection preclinically. In this review, we discuss preclinical animal models of HIV and highlight key pathophysiological characteristics of each model, with a particular emphasis on rodent models of HIV. We then review the implementation of these models in preclinical SUD research and identify key gaps in knowledge in the field. Finally, we discuss how cutting-edge behavioral neuroscience tools, which have revealed key insights into the neurobehavioral mechanisms of SUDs, can be applied to preclinical animal models of HIV to reveal potential, novel treatment avenues for comorbid HIV and SUDs. Here, we argue that future preclinical SUD research would benefit from incorporating comorbidities such as HIV into animal models and would facilitate the discovery of more refined, subpopulation-specific mechanisms and effective SUD prevention and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Namba
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qiaowei Xie
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Barker
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Pla-Tenorio J, Roig AM, García-Cesaní PA, Santiago LA, Sepulveda-Orengo MT, Noel RJ. Astrocytes: Role in pathogenesis and effect of commonly misused drugs in the HIV infected brain. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 5:100108. [PMID: 38020814 PMCID: PMC10663134 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of astrocytes as reservoirs and producers of a subset of viral proteins in the HIV infected brain have been studied extensively as a key to understanding HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). However, their comprehensive role in the context of intersecting substance use and neurocircuitry of the reward pathway and HAND has yet to be fully explained. Use of methamphetamines, cocaine, or opioids in the context of HIV infection have been shown to lead to a faster progression of HAND. Glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and GABAergic systems are implicated in the development of HAND-induced cognitive impairments. A thorough review of scientific literature exploring the variety of mechanisms in which these drugs exert their effects on the HIV brain and astrocytes has revealed marked areas of convergence in overexcitation leading to increased drug-seeking behavior, inflammation, apoptosis, and irreversible neurotoxicity. The present review investigates astrocytes, the neural pathways, and mechanisms of drug disruption that ultimately play a larger holistic role in terms of HIV progression and drug use. There are opportunities for future research, therapeutic intervention, and preventive strategies to diminish HAND in the subset population of patients with HIV and substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn Pla-Tenorio
- Ponce Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, 395 Industrial Reparada, Zona 2, Ponce, PR, 00716, Puerto Rico
| | - Angela M. Roig
- Seattle Children's Hospital, MS OC.7.830, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105-0371, United States
| | - Paulina A. García-Cesaní
- Bella Vista Hospital, Family Medicine Residency, Carr. 349 Km 2.7, Cerro Las Mesas, Mayaguez, PR, 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Luis A. Santiago
- Ponce Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, 395 Industrial Reparada, Zona 2, Ponce, PR, 00716, Puerto Rico
| | - Marian T. Sepulveda-Orengo
- Ponce Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, 395 Industrial Reparada, Zona 2, Ponce, PR, 00716, Puerto Rico
| | - Richard J. Noel
- Ponce Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, 395 Industrial Reparada, Zona 2, Ponce, PR, 00716, Puerto Rico
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Wei Z, Bodnar B, Zhao RT, Xiao Q, Saribas S, Wang X, Ho WZ, Hu W. Human iPSC-derived brain organoids: A 3D mini-brain model for studying HIV infection. Exp Neurol 2023; 364:114386. [PMID: 36934866 PMCID: PMC10149614 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The brain is one of the important reservoir sites for HIV persistent/latent infection that often leads to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). However, HIV dynamics in the brain is an understudied area and little is known about mechanisms underlying the development and progression of HAND. This issue is mainly due to the lack of suitable in vitro models that can recapitulate the cellular and molecular complexity of the human brain. Hence, there is an urgent need for such models to study HIV neuropathogenesis and to develop therapeutics for HAND. The emergence of three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has now provided a clinically relevant in vitro model to study HIV brain infection and neuropathogenesis. Recently, there have been a noticeable number of publications that demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of this model for studies of neurobiology and brain disorders as well as HIV infection. Here, we describe the development of iPSC-derived human microglia-containing brain organoids, including advantages/challenges, and focus on their applicability for modeling HIV brain infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Wei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brittany Bodnar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ruo-Tong Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qianhao Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sami Saribas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wen-Zhe Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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7
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White CJ, Goodkin K. Bioenergetics and neuroimaging research: a neuropathophysiological linkage in the setting of cocaine use amongst persons with HIV. AIDS 2023; 37:1001-1003. [PMID: 37017022 PMCID: PMC10101129 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cory J. White
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Karl Goodkin
- Department of Psychiatry
- Institute of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX, USA
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8
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Al-Khalil K, Bell RP, Towe SL, Gadde S, Burke E, Meade CS. Cortico-striatal networking deficits associated with advanced HIV disease and cocaine use. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:167-179. [PMID: 36809507 PMCID: PMC10515399 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use is disproportionately prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) and is known to potentiate HIV neuropathogenesis. As both HIV and cocaine have well-documented cortico-striatal effects, PWH who use cocaine and have a history of immunosuppression may exhibit greater FC deficits compared to PWH without these conditions. However, research investigating the legacy effects of HIV immunosuppression (i.e., a history of AIDS) on cortico-striatal functional connectivity (FC) in adults with and without cocaine use is sparse. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological assessment data from 273 adults were analyzed to examine FC in relation to HIV disease: HIV-negative (n = 104), HIV-positive with nadir CD4 ≥ 200 (n = 96), HIV-positive with nadir CD4 < 200 (AIDS; n = 73), and cocaine use (83 COC and 190 NON). Using independent component analysis/dual regression, FC was assessed between the basal ganglia network (BGN) and five cortical networks: dorsal attention network (DAN), default mode network, left executive network, right executive network, and salience network. There were significant interaction effects such that AIDS-related BGN-DAN FC deficits emerged in COC but not in NON participants. Independent of HIV, cocaine effects emerged in FC between the BGN and executive networks. Disruption of BGN-DAN FC in AIDS/COC participants is consistent with cocaine potentiation of neuro-inflammation and may be indicative of legacy HIV immunosuppressive effects. The current study bolsters previous findings linking HIV and cocaine use with cortico-striatal networking deficits. Future research should consider the effects of the duration of HIV immunosuppression and early treatment initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Al-Khalil
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Ryan P Bell
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sheri L Towe
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Syam Gadde
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Emma Burke
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Christina S Meade
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Channer B, Matt SM, Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Pappa V, Agarwal Y, Wickman J, Gaskill PJ. Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:62-158. [PMID: 36757901 PMCID: PMC9832385 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function, regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also regulates critical functions in peripheral organs, such as blood pressure, renal activity, and intestinal motility. Beyond these functions, a growing body of evidence indicates that dopamine is an important immunoregulatory factor. Most types of immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopaminergic proteins, and many immune cells take up, produce, store, and/or release dopamine, suggesting that dopaminergic immunomodulation is important for immune function. Targeting these pathways could be a promising avenue for the treatment of inflammation and disease, but despite increasing research in this area, data on the specific effects of dopamine on many immune cells and disease processes remain inconsistent and poorly understood. Therefore, this review integrates the current knowledge of the role of dopamine in immune cell function and inflammatory signaling across systems. We also discuss the current understanding of dopaminergic regulation of immune signaling in the CNS and peripheral tissues, highlighting the role of dopaminergic immunomodulation in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, several neuropsychiatric conditions, neurologic human immunodeficiency virus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and others. Careful consideration is given to the influence of experimental design on results, and we note a number of areas in need of further research. Overall, this review integrates our knowledge of dopaminergic immunology at the cellular, tissue, and disease level and prompts the development of therapeutics and strategies targeted toward ameliorating disease through dopaminergic regulation of immunity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Canonically, dopamine is recognized as a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of movement, cognition, and reward. However, dopamine also acts as an immune modulator in the central nervous system and periphery. This review comprehensively assesses the current knowledge of dopaminergic immunomodulation and the role of dopamine in disease pathogenesis at the cellular and tissue level. This will provide broad access to this information across fields, identify areas in need of further investigation, and drive the development of dopaminergic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breana Channer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Stephanie M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Emily A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Jason Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
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10
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Killingsworth L, Spudich S. Neuropathogenesis of HIV-1: insights from across the spectrum of acute through long-term treated infection. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:709-724. [PMID: 35882661 PMCID: PMC10126949 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines the neuropathogenesis of HIV, from initial HIV entry into the central nervous system (CNS) to chronic infection, focusing on key advancements in the last 5 years. Discoveries regarding acute HIV infection reveal timing and mechanisms of early HIV entry and replication in the CNS, early inflammatory responses, and establishment of genetically distinct viral reservoirs in the brain. Recent studies additionally explore how chronic HIV infection is maintained in the CNS, examining how the virus remains in a latent "hidden" state in diverse cells in the brain, and how this leads to sustained pathological inflammatory responses. Despite viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy, HIV can persist and even replicate in the CNS, and associate with ongoing neuropathology including CD8 + T-lymphocyte mediated encephalitis. Crucial investigation to advance our understanding of the immune mechanisms that both control viral infection and lead to pathological consequences in the brain is necessary to develop treatments to optimize long-term neurologic health in people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Killingsworth
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 8300c, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Serena Spudich
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 8300c, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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11
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Bell BJ, Hollinger KR, Deme P, Sakamoto S, Hasegawa Y, Volsky D, Kamiya A, Haughey N, Zhu X, Slusher BS. Glutamine antagonist JHU083 improves psychosocial behavior and sleep deficits in EcoHIV-infected mice. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 23:100478. [PMID: 35734753 PMCID: PMC9207540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined antiretroviral therapy ushered an era of survivable HIV infection in which people living with HIV (PLH) conduct normal life activities and enjoy measurably extended lifespans. However, despite viral control, PLH often experience a variety of cognitive, emotional, and physical phenotypes that diminish their quality of life, including cognitive impairment, depression, and sleep disruption. Recently, accumulating evidence has linked persistent CNS immune activation to the overproduction of glutamate and upregulation of glutaminase (GLS) activity, particularly in microglial cells, driving glutamatergic imbalance with neurological consequences. Our lab has developed a brain-penetrant prodrug of the glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), JHU083, that potently inhibits brain GLS activity in mice following oral administration. To assess the therapeutic potential of JHU083, we infected mice with EcoHIV and characterized their neurobehavioral phenotypes. EcoHIV-infected mice exhibited decreased social interaction, suppressed sucrose preference, disrupted sleep during the early rest period, and increased sleep fragmentation, similar to what has been reported in PLH but not yet observed in murine models. At doses shown to inhibit microglial GLS, JHU083 treatment ameliorated all of the abnormal neurobehavioral phenotypes. To explore potential mechanisms underlying this effect, hippocampal microglia were isolated for RNA sequencing. The dysregulated genes and pathways in EcoHIV-infected hippocampal microglia pointed to disruptions in immune functions of these cells, which were partially restored by JHU083 treatment. These findings suggest that upregulation of microglial GLS may affect immune functions of these cells. Thus, brain-penetrable GLS inhibitors like JHU083 could act as a potential therapeutic modality for both glutamate excitotoxicity and aberrant immune activation in microglia in chronic HIV infection.
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12
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Marino F, Pinoli M, Rasini E, Martini S, Luini A, Pulze L, Dalla Gasperina D, Grossi P, Legnaro M, Ferrari M, Congiu T, Pacheco R, Osorio-Barrios F, de Eguileor M, Cosentino M. Dopaminergic Inhibition of Human Neutrophils is Exerted Through D1-Like Receptors and Affected By Bacterial Infection. Immunol Suppl 2022; 167:508-527. [PMID: 35897164 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine (DA) affects immune functions in healthy subjects and during disease by acting on D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3 and D4) dopaminergic receptors (DR), however its effects on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are still poorly defined. METHODS We investigated DR expression in human PMN and the ability of DA to affect cell migration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Experiments were performed on cells from healthy subjects (HS) and from patients (Pts) with bacterial infections as well, during the acute phase and after recovery. Some experiments were also performed in mice KO for the DRD5 gene. RESULTS PMN from HS express both D1-like and D2-like DR, and exposure to DA results in inhibition of activation-induced morphological changes, migration and ROS production which depend on the activation of D1-like DR. In agreement with these findings, DA inhibited migration of PMN obtained from wild-type mice, but not from DR D5 KO mice. In Pts with bacterial infections, during the febrile phase D1-like DR D5 on PMN were downregulated and DA failed to affect PMN migration. Both D1-like DR D5 expression and DA-induced inhibition of PMN migration were however restored after recovery. CONCLUSION Dopaminergic inhibition of human PMN is a novel mechanism which is likely to play a key role in the regulation of innate immunity. Evidence obtained in Pts with bacterial infections provides novel clues for the therapeutic modulation of PMN during infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Marino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology; University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Monica Pinoli
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology; University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rasini
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano Martini
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology; University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alessandra Luini
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology; University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Pulze
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Grossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Legnaro
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology; University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology; University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Magda de Eguileor
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology; University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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13
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Zhu X, Hollinger KR, Huang Y, Borjabad A, Kim BH, Arab T, Thomas AG, Moniruzzaman M, Lovell L, Turchinovich A, Witwer KW, Volsky DJ, Haughey NJ, Slusher BS. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 inhibition attenuates extracellular vesicle release and improves neurobehavioral deficits in murine HIV. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 169:105734. [PMID: 35462006 PMCID: PMC9202342 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLH) have significantly higher rates of cognitive impairment (CI) and major depressive disorder (MDD) versus the general population. The enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) is involved in the biogenesis of ceramide and extracellular vesicles (EVs), both of which are dysregulated in PLH, CI, and MDD. Here we evaluated EcoHIV-infected mice for behavioral abnormalities relevant to depression and cognition deficits, and assessed the behavioral and biochemical effects of nSMase2 inhibition. Mice were infected with EcoHIV and daily treatment with either vehicle or the nSMase2 inhibitor (R)-(1-(3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-8-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)-carbamate (PDDC) began 3 weeks post-infection. After 2 weeks of treatment, mice were subjected to behavior tests. EcoHIV-infected mice exhibited behavioral abnormalities relevant to MDD and CI that were reversed by PDDC treatment. EcoHIV infection significantly increased cortical brain nSMase2 activity, resulting in trend changes in sphingomyelin and ceramide levels that were normalized by PDDC treatment. EcoHIV-infected mice also exhibited increased levels of brain-derived EVs and altered microRNA cargo, including miR-183-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-200b-3p, and miR-429-3p, known to be associated with MDD and CI; all were normalized by PDDC. In conclusion, inhibition of nSMase2 represents a possible new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HIV-associated CI and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhu
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristen R Hollinger
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yiyao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alejandra Borjabad
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Boe-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Tanina Arab
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ajit G Thomas
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammed Moniruzzaman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lyndah Lovell
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrey Turchinovich
- Heidelberg Biolabs GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Volsky
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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14
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Gopinath A, Mackie P, Hashimi B, Buchanan AM, Smith AR, Bouchard R, Shaw G, Badov M, Saadatpour L, Gittis A, Ramirez-Zamora A, Okun MS, Streit WJ, Hashemi P, Khoshbouei H. DAT and TH expression marks human Parkinson's disease in peripheral immune cells. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:72. [PMID: 35672374 PMCID: PMC9174333 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by a loss of dopamine neurons, decreased dopamine transporter (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. However, this validation approach cannot be used for diagnostic, drug effectiveness or investigational purposes in human patients because midbrain tissue is accessible postmortem. PD pathology affects both the central nervous and peripheral immune systems. Therefore, we immunophenotyped blood samples of PD patients for the presence of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and discovered that DAT+/TH+ monocytic MDSCs, but not granulocytic MDSCs are increased, suggesting a targeted immune response to PD. Because in peripheral immune cells DAT activity underlies an immune suppressive mechanism, we investigated whether expression levels of DAT and TH in the peripheral immune cells marks PD. We found drug naïve PD patients exhibit differential DAT+/TH+ expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) compared to aged/sex matched healthy subjects. While total PBMCs are not different between the groups, the percentage of DAT+/TH+ PBMCs was significantly higher in drug naïve PD patients compared to healthy controls irrespective of age, gender, disease duration, disease severity or treatment type. Importantly, treatment for PD negatively modulates DAT+/TH+ expressing PBMCs. Neither total nor the percentage of DAT+/TH+ PBMCs were altered in the Alzheimer's disease cohort. The mechanistic underpinning of this discovery in human PD was revealed when these findings were recapitulated in animal models of PD. The reverse translational experimental strategy revealed that alterations in dopaminergic markers in peripheral immune cells are due to the disease associated changes in the CNS. Our study demonstrates that the dopaminergic machinery on peripheral immune cells displays an association with human PD, with exciting implications in facilitating diagnosis and investigation of human PD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Gopinath
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Phillip Mackie
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Basil Hashimi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Aidan R Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Gerry Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- EnCor Biotechnology, Inc, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Martin Badov
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leila Saadatpour
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aryn Gittis
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, UF Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael S Okun
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, UF Health, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wolfgang J Streit
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Parastoo Hashemi
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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15
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Emanuel KM, Runner K, Brodnik ZD, Morsey BM, Lamberty BG, Johnson HS, Acharya A, Byrareddy SN, España RA, Fox HS, Gaskill PJ. Deprenyl reduces inflammation during acute SIV infection. iScience 2022; 25:104207. [PMID: 35494221 PMCID: PMC9046124 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of antiretroviral therapy, inflammation is a central factor in numerous HIV-associated comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric disorders. This highlights the value of developing therapeutics that both reduce HIV-associated inflammation and treat associated comorbidities. Previous research on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) suggests this class of drugs has anti-inflammatory properties in addition to neuropsychiatric effects. Therefore, we examined the impact of deprenyl, an MAOI, on SIV-associated inflammation during acute SIV infection using the rhesus macaque model of HIV infection. Our results show deprenyl decreased both peripheral and CNS inflammation but had no effect on viral load in either the periphery or CNS. These data show that the MAOI deprenyl may have broad anti-inflammatory effects when given during the acute stage of SIV infection, suggesting more research into the anti-inflammatory effects of this drug could result in a beneficial adjuvant for antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Emanuel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - K Runner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Z D Brodnik
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, NIH Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Neuronal Networks Section, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - B M Morsey
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - B G Lamberty
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - H S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - A Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - S N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - R A España
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - H S Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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16
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Nichols SL. Central Nervous System Impact of Perinatally Acquired HIV in Adolescents and Adults: an Update. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2022; 19:121-132. [PMID: 35107809 PMCID: PMC8904346 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-021-00598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Perinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIV) can confer neurodevelopmental risk. As children with PHIV increasingly survive through adolescence and into adulthood, understanding its long-term central nervous system (CNS) impacts is critical for maximizing adult outcomes and quality of life. Recent Findings Recently published neurocognitive and neuroimaging findings show impacts on the CNS associated with early HIV disease progression that endure into adolescence and young adulthood. Although developmental trajectories in adolescence largely appear stable, further research on maturational processes is indicated. Summary Although early antiretroviral therapy in infancy appears to be protective, it is not universally available and current youth largely developed without its benefit. The neurocognitive effects of HIV and the multiple other risks to neurodevelopment experienced by youth with PHIV call for further longitudinal research and a multifaceted approach to prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Nichols
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, #0935, CA, 92093, La Jolla, USA.
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17
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Nosik M, Ryzhov K, Rymanova I, Sobkin A, Kravtchenko A, Kuimova U, Pokrovsky V, Zverev V, Svitich O. Dynamics of Plasmatic Levels of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals with M. tuberculosis Co-Infection. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112291. [PMID: 34835417 PMCID: PMC8624412 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV have profound effects on the immune system, which can lead to the activation of viral replication and negatively regulate the activation of T cells. Dysregulation in the production of cytokines necessary to fight HIV and M. tuberculosis may ultimately affect the results of the treatment and be important in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and TB. This work presents the results of a study of the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1RA) in drug-naïve patients with dual infection of HIV/TB at the late stages of HIV-infection, with newly diagnosed HIV and TB, and previously untreated HIV in the process of receiving antiretroviral (ART) and TB treatment vs. a cohort of patients with HIV monoinfection and TB monoinfection. The study revealed that during a double HIV/TB infection, both Th1 and Th2 immune responses are suppressed, and a prolonged dysregulation of the immune response and an increased severity of the disease in pulmonary/extrapulmonary tuberculosis is observed in HIV/TB co-infection. Moreover, it was revealed that a double HIV/TB infection is characterized by delayed and incomplete recovery of immune activity. High levels of IL-6 were detected in patients with HIV/TB co-infection before initiation of dual therapy (2.1-fold increase vs. HIV), which persisted even after 6 months of treatment (8.96-fold increase vs. HIV), unlike other cytokines. The persistent enhanced expression of IL-6 in patients with dual HIV/TB co-infection allows the consideration of it as a potential marker of early detection of M. tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected individuals. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed a statistical trend towards an increase in the incidence of IRIS in patients with high IL-1Ra levels (in the range of 1550–2500 pg/mL): OR = 4.3 (95%CI 3.7–14.12, p = 0.53), which also allows IL-1Ra to be considered as a potential predictive biomarker of the development of TB-IRIS and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nosik
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (K.R.); (V.Z.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Konstantin Ryzhov
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (K.R.); (V.Z.); (O.S.)
| | - Irina Rymanova
- G.A. Zaharyan Moscow Tuberculosis Clinic, Department for Treatment of TB Patients with HIV Infection, 125466 Moscow, Russia; (I.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexandr Sobkin
- G.A. Zaharyan Moscow Tuberculosis Clinic, Department for Treatment of TB Patients with HIV Infection, 125466 Moscow, Russia; (I.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexey Kravtchenko
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (U.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Ulyana Kuimova
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (U.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vadim Pokrovsky
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 111123 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (U.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vitaly Zverev
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (K.R.); (V.Z.); (O.S.)
| | - Oxana Svitich
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (K.R.); (V.Z.); (O.S.)
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18
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O’Brien KE, Riddell NE, Gómez-Olivé FX, Rae DE, Scheuermaier K, von Schantz M. Sleep Disturbances in HIV Infection and their Biological Basis. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 65:101571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Synergistic Impairment of the Neurovascular Unit by HIV-1 Infection and Methamphetamine Use: Implications for HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091883. [PMID: 34578464 PMCID: PMC8473422 DOI: 10.3390/v13091883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular units (NVU) are the minimal functional units of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and the basement membrane. The BBB serves as an important interface for immune communication between the brain and peripheral circulation. Disruption of the NVU by the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) induces dysfunction of the BBB and triggers inflammatory responses, which can lead to the development of neurocognitive impairments collectively known as HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder is a frequent comorbidity among individuals infected with HIV-1. METH use may be associated not only with rapid HIV-1 disease progression but also with accelerated onset and increased severity of HAND. However, the molecular mechanisms of METH-induced neuronal injury and cognitive impairment in the context of HIV-1 infection are poorly understood. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the signaling pathways mediating synergistic impairment of the BBB and neuronal injury induced by METH and HIV-1, potentially accelerating the onset or severity of HAND in HIV-1-positive METH abusers. We also discuss potential therapies to limit neuroinflammation and NVU damage in HIV-1-infected METH abusers.
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20
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League AF, Gorman BL, Hermes DJ, Johnson CT, Jacobs IR, Yadav-Samudrala BJ, Poklis JL, Niphakis MJ, Cravatt BF, Lichtman AH, Ignatowska-Jankowska BM, Fitting S. Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor MJN110 Reduces Neuronal Hyperexcitability, Restores Dendritic Arborization Complexity, and Regulates Reward-Related Behavior in Presence of HIV-1 Tat. Front Neurol 2021; 12:651272. [PMID: 34484091 PMCID: PMC8415271 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.651272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
While current therapeutic strategies for people living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suppress virus replication peripherally, viral proteins such as transactivator of transcription (Tat) enter the central nervous system early upon infection and contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions even alongside antiretroviral treatment. As demand grows for supplemental strategies to combat virus-associated pathology presenting frequently as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), the present study aimed to characterize the potential utility of inhibiting monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity to increase inhibitory activity at cannabinoid receptor-type 1 receptors through upregulation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and downregulation of its degradation into proinflammatory metabolite arachidonic acid (AA). The MAGL inhibitor MJN110 significantly reduced intracellular calcium and increased dendritic branching complexity in Tat-treated primary frontal cortex neuron cultures. Chronic MJN110 administration in vivo increased 2-AG levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum across Tat(+) and Tat(–) groups and restored PFC N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) levels in Tat(+) subjects. While Tat expression significantly increased rate of reward-related behavioral task acquisition in a novel discriminative stimulus learning and cognitive flexibility assay, MJN110 altered reversal acquisition specifically in Tat(+) mice to rates indistinguishable from Tat(–) controls. Collectively, our results suggest a neuroprotective role of MAGL inhibition in reducing neuronal hyperexcitability, restoring dendritic arborization complexity, and mitigating neurocognitive alterations driven by viral proteins associated with latent HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis F League
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Benjamin L Gorman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Douglas J Hermes
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Clare T Johnson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ian R Jacobs
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Barkha J Yadav-Samudrala
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Justin L Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Micah J Niphakis
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Sylvia Fitting
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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21
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Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Festa L, Meucci O, Gaskill PJ. Co-receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV. Retrovirology 2021; 18:24. [PMID: 34429135 PMCID: PMC8385912 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV co-receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, are necessary for HIV entry into target cells, interacting with the HIV envelope protein, gp120, to initiate several signaling cascades thought to be important to the entry process. Co-receptor signaling may also promote the development of neuroHIV by contributing to both persistent neuroinflammation and indirect neurotoxicity. But despite the critical importance of CXCR4 and CCR5 signaling to HIV pathogenesis, there is only one therapeutic (the CCR5 inhibitor Maraviroc) that targets these receptors. Moreover, our understanding of co-receptor signaling in the specific context of neuroHIV is relatively poor. Research into co-receptor signaling has largely stalled in the past decade, possibly owing to the complexity of the signaling cascades and functions mediated by these receptors. Examining the many signaling pathways triggered by co-receptor activation has been challenging due to the lack of specific molecular tools targeting many of the proteins involved in these pathways and the wide array of model systems used across these experiments. Studies examining the impact of co-receptor signaling on HIV neuropathogenesis often show activation of multiple overlapping pathways by similar stimuli, leading to contradictory data on the effects of co-receptor activation. To address this, we will broadly review HIV infection and neuropathogenesis, examine different co-receptor mediated signaling pathways and functions, then discuss the HIV mediated signaling and the differences between activation induced by HIV and cognate ligands. We will assess the specific effects of co-receptor activation on neuropathogenesis, focusing on neuroinflammation. We will also explore how the use of substances of abuse, which are highly prevalent in people living with HIV, can exacerbate the neuropathogenic effects of co-receptor signaling. Finally, we will discuss the current state of therapeutics targeting co-receptors, highlighting challenges the field has faced and areas in which research into co-receptor signaling would yield the most therapeutic benefit in the context of HIV infection. This discussion will provide a comprehensive overview of what is known and what remains to be explored in regard to co-receptor signaling and HIV infection, and will emphasize the potential value of HIV co-receptors as a target for future therapeutic development. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - L Festa
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - O Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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22
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Red Algal Sulfated Galactan Binds and Protects Neural Cells from HIV-1 gp120 and Tat. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080714. [PMID: 34451811 PMCID: PMC8398392 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential neuroprotective capacity of four different sulfated glycans: Botryocladia occidentalis-derived sulfated galactan (BoSG) (MW > 100 kDa), Lytechinus variegatus-derived sulfated fucan (LvSF) (MW~90 kDa), high-molecular weight dextran sulfate (DxS) (MW 100 kDa), and unfractionated heparin (UFH) (MW~15 kDa), was assessed in response to the HIV-1 proteins, R5-tropic glycoprotein 120 (gp120) and/or trans-activator of transcription (Tat), using primary murine neurons co-cultured with mixed glia. Compared to control-treated cells in which HIV-1 proteins alone or combined were neurotoxic, BoSG was, among the four tested sulfated glycans, the only one capable of showing significant concentration-dependent neuroprotection against Tat and/or gp120, alone or combined. Surface plasmon resonance-based data indicate that BoSG can bind both HIV-1 proteins at nM concentrations with preference for Tat (7.5 × 10−8 M) over gp120 (3.2 × 10−7 M) as compared to UFH, which bound gp120 (8.7 × 10−7 M) over Tat (5.7 × 10−6 M). Overall, these data support the notion that sulfated glycan extracted from the red alga B. occidentalis, BoSG, can exert neuroprotection against HIV-1 Tat and gp120, potentially via direct molecular interactions.
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23
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Assis MA, Carranza PG, Ambrosio E. A "Drug-Dependent" Immune System Can Compromise Protection against Infection: The Relationships between Psychostimulants and HIV. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050722. [PMID: 33919273 PMCID: PMC8143316 DOI: 10.3390/v13050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulant use is a major comorbidity in people living with HIV, which was initially explained by them adopting risky behaviors that facilitate HIV transmission. However, the effects of drug use on the immune system might also influence this phenomenon. Psychostimulants act on peripheral immune cells even before they reach the central nervous system (CNS) and their effects on immunity are likely to influence HIV infection. Beyond their canonical activities, classic neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are expressed by peripheral immune cells (e.g., dopamine and enkephalins), which display immunomodulatory properties and could be influenced by psychostimulants. Immune receptors, like Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on microglia, are modulated by cocaine and amphetamine exposure. Since peripheral immunocytes also express TLRs, they may be similarly affected by psychostimulants. In this review, we will summarize how psychostimulants are currently thought to influence peripheral immunity, mainly focusing on catecholamines, enkephalins and TLR4, and shed light on how these drugs might affect HIV infection. We will try to shift from the classic CNS perspective and adopt a more holistic view, addressing the potential impact of psychostimulants on the peripheral immune system and how their systemic effects could influence HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Amparo Assis
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero G4200, Argentina;
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero G4206, Argentina
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro Gabriel Carranza
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero G4200, Argentina;
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Inmunología y Microbiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Salud, Tecnología y Desarrollo (IMSaTeD), CONICET-UNSE, Santiago del Estero G4206, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero G4206, Argentina
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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24
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Basova L, Lindsey A, McGovern AM, Ellis RJ, Marcondes MCG. Detection of H3K4me3 Identifies NeuroHIV Signatures, Genomic Effects of Methamphetamine and Addiction Pathways in Postmortem HIV+ Brain Specimens that Are Not Amenable to Transcriptome Analysis. Viruses 2021; 13:544. [PMID: 33805201 PMCID: PMC8064323 DOI: 10.3390/v13040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human postmortem specimens are extremely valuable resources for investigating translational hypotheses. Tissue repositories collect clinically assessed specimens from people with and without HIV, including age, viral load, treatments, substance use patterns and cognitive functions. One challenge is the limited number of specimens suitable for transcriptional studies, mainly due to poor RNA quality resulting from long postmortem intervals. We hypothesized that epigenomic signatures would be more stable than RNA for assessing global changes associated with outcomes of interest. We found that H3K27Ac or RNA Polymerase (Pol) were not consistently detected by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), while the enhancer H3K4me3 histone modification was abundant and stable up to the 72 h postmortem. We tested our ability to use HeK4me3 in human prefrontal cortex from HIV+ individuals meeting criteria for methamphetamine use disorder or not (Meth +/-) which exhibited poor RNA quality and were not suitable for transcriptional profiling. Systems strategies that are typically used in transcriptional metadata were applied to H3K4me3 peaks revealing consistent genomic activity differences in regions where addiction and neuronal synapses pathway genes are represented, including genes of the dopaminergic system, as well as inflammatory pathways. The resulting comparisons mirrored previously observed effects of Meth on suppressing gene expression and provided insights on neurological processes affected by Meth. The results suggested that H3K4me3 detection in chromatin may reflect transcriptional patterns, thus providing opportunities for analysis of larger numbers of specimens from cases with substance use and neurological deficits. In conclusion, the detection of H3K4me3 in isolated chromatin can be an alternative to transcriptome strategies to increase the power of association using specimens with long postmortem intervals and low RNA quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Basova
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (L.B.); (A.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Alexander Lindsey
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (L.B.); (A.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Anne Marie McGovern
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (L.B.); (A.L.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Ronald J. Ellis
- Departments of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA;
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25
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Irollo E, Luchetta J, Ho C, Nash B, Meucci O. Mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4283-4303. [PMID: 33585975 PMCID: PMC8164580 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is characterized by cognitive and behavioral deficits in people living with HIV. HAND is still common in patients that take antiretroviral therapies, although they tend to present with less severe symptoms. The continued prevalence of HAND in treated patients is a major therapeutic challenge, as even minor cognitive impairment decreases patient’s quality of life. Therefore, modern HAND research aims to broaden our understanding of the mechanisms that drive cognitive impairment in people with HIV and identify promising molecular pathways and targets that could be exploited therapeutically. Recent studies suggest that HAND in treated patients is at least partially induced by subtle synaptodendritic damage and disruption of neuronal networks in brain areas that mediate learning, memory, and executive functions. Although the causes of subtle neuronal dysfunction are varied, reversing synaptodendritic damage in animal models restores cognitive function and thus highlights a promising therapeutic approach. In this review, we examine evidence of synaptodendritic damage and disrupted neuronal connectivity in HAND from clinical neuroimaging and neuropathology studies and discuss studies in HAND models that define structural and functional impairment of neurotransmission. Then, we report molecular pathways, mechanisms, and comorbidities involved in this neuronal dysfunction, discuss new approaches to reverse neuronal damage, and highlight current gaps in knowledge. Continued research on the manifestation and mechanisms of synaptic injury and network dysfunction in HAND patients and experimental models will be critical if we are to develop safe and effective therapies that reverse subtle neuropathology and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Irollo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jared Luchetta
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Chunta Ho
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Bradley Nash
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA. .,Center for Neuroimmunology and CNS Therapeutics, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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26
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Lin Y, He JJ, Sorensen R, Chang L. Unraveling neuroHIV in the Presence of Substance Use Disorders. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:578-583. [PMID: 33215327 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This special issue contains 10 invited review papers that highlighted and extended the presentations at the NIDA-sponsored workshop "Unraveling NeuroAIDS in the Presence of Substance Use Disorders" at the 25th Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology conference in 2019. The topics covered by these papers focused on the interactive, additive or synergistic effects of substance use disorders (SUD) with HIV infection on the immune system and on neuropathogenesis. These papers reviewed four categories of substances of abuse (opioids, tobacco, stimulants, and cannabis) and how comorbid HIV infection (including models with HIV proteins, HIV transgenic rodent models and SIV) might further impact the dysregulated dopaminergic and immune systems, and the subsequent neuropathogenesis and behavioral disorders known as HIV-associated neurological disorders (HAND). These reviews provided detailed background knowledge regarding how each of these addictive substances and HIV individually or collectively affected the immune system at the cellular, molecular and system levels, and the subsequent clinical and behavioral outcomes. The authors also identified gaps, confounds or constraints in the current disease models and approaches, and proposed future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Johnny J He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, and Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roger Sorensen
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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