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Luo X, Du X, Li Z, Liu J, Lv X, Li H, Guo Q, Wang C, Xue X, Le K, Jiang X, Huang L, Yang Y. Clinical Benefit, Price, and Uptake for Cancer Biosimilars vs Reference Drugs in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2337348. [PMID: 37824143 PMCID: PMC10570888 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The high cost of biologics used to treat cancer has been an increasing burden in the world. In China, the recent approval of cancer biosimilar drugs to resolve this problem is promising, but evidence of clinical benefits, price, and uptake for these drugs is still lacking. Objectives To compare characteristics of pivotal clinical trials in China and other countries for biosimilars of bevacizumab, rituximab, and trastuzumab and investigate the efficacy or effectiveness, safety, and immunogenicity outcomes of cancer biosimilars compared with reference drugs by meta-analysis. Data Sources For this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for published studies from database inception to February 1, 2023, using the search topics (cancers) AND (biosimilars). Study Selection Randomized clinical trials and cohort studies that included patients with cancer were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two authors independently extracted the outcome estimates and characteristics for each study. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to summarize the relative estimates with 95% CIs. This study was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical trial characteristics were collected for biosimilars of bevacizumab, rituximab, and trastuzumab. The relative estimates of efficacy or effectiveness (objective response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival), safety, and immunogenicity outcomes were analyzed for biosimilars vs reference drugs. The weighted average price and uptake rate were evaluated for biosimilars relative to their reference drugs between 2015 and 2022. Results A total of 39 RCTs (involving 18 791 patients) and 10 cohort studies (involving 1998 patients) were included. The biosimilars of bevacizumab (16 RCTs; risk ratio [RR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.93-1.01; P = .17), rituximab (12 RCTs; RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.98-1.08; P = .70), and trastuzumab (9 RCTs: RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97-1.12; P = .29) met equivalence with reference biologics in regard to the objective response rate. The results summarized from cohort studies were consistent with those from RCTs. In 2022, cancer biosimilars were priced at 69% to 90% of the costs for the reference drugs, and their uptake reached 54% to 83% in China. Conclusions and Relevance This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that cancer biosimilars provided comparable clinical benefits at lower prices compared with reference drugs. These findings suggest the potential feasibility of expediting the transition from reference drugs to biosimilars to benefit more patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxian Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Xufeng Lv
- Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qixiang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Cen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuecai Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaidi Le
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
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Chen K, Zhou J, Shao Z, Liu J, Song J, Wang R, Li J, Tan W. Aptamers as Versatile Molecular Tools for Antibody Production Monitoring and Quality Control. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12079-12086. [PMID: 32516525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibody drugs have been used to treat many diseases, and to date, this has been the most rapidly growing drug class. However, the lack of suitable methods for real-time and high-throughput monitoring of antibody production and quality control has been a hindrance to the further advancement of antibody drugs or biosimilars. Therefore, we herein report a versatile tool for one-step fluorescence monitoring of antibody production by using aptamer probes selected through the in vitro SELEX method. In this case, DNA aptamers were selected against the humanized IgG1 antibody drug trastuzumab with high specificity and affinity with a Kd value of aptamer CH1S-3 of 10.3 nM. More importantly, the obtained aptamers were able to distinguish native from heat-treated, whereas antibodies failed this test. On the basis of the advantages of rapid detection for aptamers, we designed aptamer molecular beacons for direct and sensitive detection of trastuzumab in complex samples. Unlike traditional antibody-based ELISA, the signal was observed directly upon interaction with the target without the need for time-consuming binding and multiple washing steps. To further highlight biomedical applications, the use of aptamers as potential tools for quality control and traceless purification of antibody drugs was also demonstrated. Thus, aptamers are shown to be promising alternatives for antibody production monitoring, quality control, and purification, providing technical support to accelerate antibody drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhentao Shao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jia Song
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruowen Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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Perez T, Rico A, Boutière C, Maarouf A, Roudot M, Honoré S, Pelletier J, Bertault-Peres P, Audoin B. Comparison of rituximab originator (MabThera ®) to biosimilar (Truxima ®) in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2020; 27:585-592. [PMID: 32180508 DOI: 10.1177/1352458520912170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rituximab's originator MabThera® or Rituxan® has demonstrated high efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS). Because of the patent expiration, rituximab biosimilars have been developed. However, because a biosimilar is not the exact copy of the originator, the efficacy and safety of a biosimilar may significantly differ. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and safety of the biosimilar Truxima® and the originator MabThera® in MS. METHODS Consecutive MS patients receiving MabThera® or Truxima® were prospectively followed during 1 year after treatment introduction. Allocation to each treatment depended on the period of introduction and not the physician's choice. Lymphocyte count, clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and adverse events were compared. RESULTS In total, 105 and 40 patients received MabThera® and Truxima®, respectively. The two groups did not differ in baseline characteristics. Effect on CD19+ lymphocytes and disease activity were similar during follow-up. EDSS remained stable, with no difference between groups. Adverse events were similar between groups. CONCLUSION The efficacy and safety of the rituximab biosimilar Truxima® seem equivalent to the originator MabThera® in MS patients. Truxima® could represent a relatively cheap and safe therapeutic alternative to MabThera® and could improve access to highly efficient therapy for MS in low- or middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Perez
- Service Pharmacie, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology (INP), CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Rico
- Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Boutière
- Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Adil Maarouf
- Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marjorie Roudot
- Service Pharmacie, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Honoré
- Service Pharmacie, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology (INP), CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Pelletier
- Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Bertault-Peres
- Service Pharmacie, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Bertrand Audoin
- Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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Wildner S, Huber S, Regl C, Huber CG, Lohrig U, Gadermaier G. Aptamers as quality control tool for production, storage and biosimilarity of the anti-CD20 biopharmaceutical rituximab. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1111. [PMID: 30710098 PMCID: PMC6358617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed analysis of biopharmaceuticals is crucial for safety, efficacy and stability. Aptamers, which are folded, single-stranded oligonucleotides, can be used as surrogate antibodies to detect subtle conformational changes. We aimed to generate and assess DNA aptamers against the therapeutic anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. Six rituximab-specific aptamers with Kd = 354-887 nM were obtained using the magnetic bead-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technology. Aptamer folds were analysed by online prediction tools and circular dichroism spectroscopy suggesting quadruplex structures for two aptamers while others present B-DNA helices. Aptamer binding and robustness with respect to minor differences in buffer composition or aptamer folding were verified in the enzyme-linked apta-sorbent assay. Five aptamers showed exclusive specificity to the Fab-fragment of rituximab while one aptamer revealed a broader recognition pattern to other monoclonal antibodies. Structural differences upon incubation at 40 °C for 72 h or UV exposure of rituximab were uncovered by four aptamers. High similarity between rituximab originator and biosimilar lots was demonstrated. The most sensitive aptamer (RA2) detected signal changes for all lots of a copy product suggesting conformational differences. For the first time, a panel of rituximab-specific aptamers was generated allowing the assessment of conformational coherence during production, storage, and biosimilarity of different products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wildner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sara Huber
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christof Regl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian G Huber
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Urs Lohrig
- Technical Development Biosimilars, Global Drug Development, Novartis, Sandoz GmbH, Biochemiestrasse 10, 6250, Kundl, Austria
| | - Gabriele Gadermaier
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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5
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van Overbeeke E, De Beleyr B, de Hoon J, Westhovens R, Huys I. Perception of Originator Biologics and Biosimilars: A Survey Among Belgian Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and Rheumatologists. BioDrugs 2018; 31:447-459. [PMID: 28929342 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-017-0244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among patients and rheumatologists, current knowledge and perception of biosimilars in comparison with originator biologics is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate this knowledge and perception in Belgian rheumatologists and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS Anonymous web surveys were conducted in Belgian RA patients (n = 121) and rheumatologists (n = 41) during the period January-March 2016. The surveys covered topics on knowledge, similarity, price, preference, interchangeability, extrapolation and switching. Descriptive and statistical analyses of responses were performed. RESULTS Familiarity with biosimilars was reported by 49% of patients, of whom 77% knew what biosimilars were. RA patients equally questioned the proven efficacy of originators and biosimilars in RA, as well as their side effects and suitability. Furthermore, RA patients questioned the safety of biosimilars more often than that of originators (35 vs. 20%, respectively; p = 0.0094). Rheumatologists, more so than patients, expressed concerns that there might be differences between originators and biosimilars in terms of quality, safety, and price (p = 0.0292, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0129, respectively). The opinions of rheumatologists on interchangeability and extrapolation of indications varied. The price of an originator contributed substantially to the medicine preference of rheumatologists (p = 0.0002), but not patients. CONCLUSION Our study showed that rheumatologists, more so than patients, were convinced that there can be differences between originators and biosimilars. Despite safety being the major concern of patients, patients trusted their physician's decision to start on or switch to a biosimilar. The evolution of the uptake of biosimilars in Belgium might thus depend mainly on the perception of physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline van Overbeeke
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N2, Herestraat 49, Box 521, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Birgit De Beleyr
- Department of Pfizer Innovative Health Medical Affairs, Pfizer S.A., Pleinlaan 17, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan de Hoon
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rene Westhovens
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Huys
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N2, Herestraat 49, Box 521, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Kanters TA, Stevanovic J, Huys I, Vulto AG, Simoens S. Adoption of Biosimilar Infliximab for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in the EU5: A Budget Impact Analysis Using a Delphi Panel. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:322. [PMID: 28620302 PMCID: PMC5449469 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Introducing biosimilar infliximab for the treatment in rheumatology (rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis) and inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) may reduce treatment costs associated with biologics. This study aimed to investigate the budget impact of adopting biosimilar infliximab in five European countries, considering that the budget impact includes the adoption of biosimilar infliximab and the availability of biologic alternatives such as vedolizumab, biosimilar etanercept, biosimilar rituximab, and other relevant factors. Methods: An existing budget impact model was adapted to forecast the budget impact in the UK, Germany, France, Spain, and Italy. Epidemiological parameters were derived from published literature reviewed in July 2015. Current market shares of biologics were derived from Therapy Watch (2012/2013 data). Respondents in a Delphi panel, conducted in 2015 and consisting of several leading rheumatologists and gastroenterologists from different nationalities, were asked to forecast uptake of biosimilar infliximab and estimate the proportion of patients eligible for a particular type of biological treatment, including biosimilar infliximab. Scenario analyses assessed the influence of various factors, including price reductions, on the budget. Results: Uptake of biosimilar infliximab was particularly expected for naïve patients; switching patients that already received other biologics was not expected much. Market shares after 5 years of biosimilar infliximab were ~2% in rheumatology in all five countries and in gastroenterology ranged from 4% in France to over 30% in Italy. Except for France, budgets were expected to decrease for rheumatologic diseases. For gastroenterology, budgets were expected to decrease in Spain and Italy. Budgets were expected to increase substantially in the UK and Germany, due to the introduction of vedolizumab in the studied period. In France, budget was expected to slightly increase for ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's Disease, and ulcerative collitis. Savings in budget were expected in all countries, for all diseases, when larger price discounts on biosimilar infliximab were used. Discussion and Conclusion: This study has shown that only when price reductions are large enough (i.e., 50% or more), physicians indicated that they will prescribe biosimilars. Policy makers should ensure substantial price reductions and stimulate physicians to use biosimilar products, to obtain savings in healthcare budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim A Kanters
- Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University RotterdamRotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jelena Stevanovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium.,Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, RotterdamRotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Huys
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Arnold G Vulto
- Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, RotterdamRotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven Simoens
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
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Tigre PB, Nascimento CVMFD, Costa LS. Windows of opportunities and technological innovation in the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2016; 32Suppl 2:e00103315. [PMID: 27828675 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00103315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian pharmaceutical industry is heavily dependent on external sources of inputs, capital, and technology. However, the emergence of technological opportunities and the development of biotechnology and the decline of the patent boom and resulting advances by generic drugs have opened windows of opportunities for the local industry. The article examines the Brazilian industry's innovative behavior vis-à-vis these opportunities, showing that although the industry as a whole invests little in innovation, a few large Brazilian companies have expanded their market share and stepped up their investments in research and development, supported by public policies for innovation. Resumo: A indústria farmacêutica brasileira caracteriza-se pela grande dependência de fontes externas de insumos, capital e tecnologia. O surgimento de oportunidades tecnológicas, associadas ao desenvolvimento da biotecnologia e ao fim do boom das patentes com o consequente avanço dos medicamentos genéricos, entretanto, vem abrindo janelas de oportunidades para a indústria local. Este artigo examina o comportamento inovador da indústria brasileira à luz dessas oportunidades, revelando que, embora o conjunto da indústria mantenha baixos níveis de investimentos em inovação, um pequeno grupo de grandes empresas nacionais vem ampliando sua participação no mercado e intensificando seus investimentos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento, apoiados por políticas públicas de inovação.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laís Silveira Costa
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Clin Drug Investig 2016; 37:85-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s40261-016-0463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Renwick MJ, Smolina K, Gladstone EJ, Weymann D, Morgan SG. Postmarket policy considerations for biosimilar oncology drugs. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:e31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Recommendations on the use of biosimilars by the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology, Brazilian Society of Dermatology, Brazilian Federation of Gastroenterology and Brazilian Study Group on Inflammatory Bowel Disease—Focus on clinical evaluation of monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:769-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dylst P, Vulto A, Simoens S. Barriers to the uptake of biosimilars and possible solutions: a Belgian case study. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2014; 32:681-691. [PMID: 24803078 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-014-0163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biosimilars are medicinal products that are similar to a biopharmaceutical that has already been authorised. As biopharmaceuticals are expected to dominate the best-selling pharmaceuticals worldwide by 2016, the emergence of biosimilars imposes an important challenge for governments. At this moment, the uptake of biosimilars in Belgium is limited, with market shares close to 0%. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the barriers that impede the uptake of biosimilars in Belgium. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate in depth the barriers to the uptake of biosimilars in Belgium. Respondents were selected through selective sampling so that all different stakeholders were represented (authorities, physicians, pharmacists, patients, academics and industry). Respondents were contacted by e-mail and letter with a request for participation. A thematic framework was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Three main barriers to the uptake of biosimilars in the Belgian market were identified: a lack of confidence towards biosimilars by some stakeholders; uncertainty about the interchangeability and substitution of biosimilars; and a hospital financing system that discourages the use of them. Providing all stakeholders with objective information on the concept of biosimilars, reforming the financing of hospitals, developing and implementing prescription quota in hospitals, setting up patient registries for biosimilars and speeding up the pricing and reimbursement process of biosimilars are suggested solutions to increase the uptake of biosimilars in Belgium. CONCLUSIONS To fully capture the potential savings of biosimilars, governments should take measures to increase their uptake. The Belgian government, and also the manufacturers of biosimilars, should take measures to reduce the uncertainties related to biosimilars and raise confidence among prescribers. In addition, the financing of hospitals should be reformed and incentives should be developed to stimulate physicians to prescribe biosimilars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Dylst
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Herestraat 49, O&N 2, P.O. Box 521, 3000, Leuven, Belgium,
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Davis-Ajami ML, Wu J, Downton K, Ludeman E, Noxon V. Epoetin zeta in the management of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease, differential pharmacology and clinical utility. Biologics 2014; 8:155-67. [PMID: 24790409 PMCID: PMC3999275 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s27578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epoetin zeta was granted marketing authorization in October 2007 by the European Medicines Agency as a recombinant human erythropoietin erythropoiesis-stimulating agent to treat symptomatic anemia of renal origin in adult and pediatric patients on hemodialysis and adults on peritoneal dialysis, as well as for symptomatic renal anemia in adult patients with renal insufficiency not yet on dialysis. Currently, epoetin zeta can be administered either subcutaneously or intravenously to correct for hemoglobin concentrations ≤10 g/dL (6.2 mmol/L) or with dose adjustment to maintain hemoglobin levels at desired levels not in excess of 12 g/dL (7.5 mmol/L). This review article focuses on epoetin zeta indications in chronic kidney disease, its use in managing anemia of renal origin, and discusses its pharmacology and clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lynn Davis-Ajami
- Organizational Systems and Adult Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Katherine Downton
- Health Sciences and Human Services Library, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emilie Ludeman
- Health Sciences and Human Services Library, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Virginia Noxon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Science, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Farfan-Portet MI, Gerkens S, Lepage-Nefkens I, Vinck I, Hulstaert F. Are biosimilars the next tool to guarantee cost-containment for pharmaceutical expenditures? THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2014; 15:223-8. [PMID: 24271016 PMCID: PMC3950601 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-013-0538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Henry D, Taylor C. Pharmacoeconomics of cancer therapies: considerations with the introduction of biosimilars. Semin Oncol 2014; 41 Suppl 3:S13-20. [PMID: 24767632 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biologics are important treatments for a number of cancers, but they are also significant drivers of globally escalating healthcare costs. Biosimilars have the potential to offer cost-savings with comparable efficacy and safety to innovator products. They are being used in the European Union, Canada, Japan, and Australia and may help with improving health outcomes while minimizing costs to patients and global healthcare systems. The overall value of a biosimilar is not determined solely by its pricing. Efficacy and safety relative to the reference biologic drug and competitive agents as well as development and manufacturing costs, treatment administration costs, and results from long-term safety monitoring are considered. Optimizing economic efficiency is one part of an ongoing healthcare decision-making process with all therapeutics that aims to attain high levels of quality-of-care and safety given available resources. Some analytic tools stakeholders use to determine the pharmacoeconomic value of a therapy that are highlighted in this review article are opportunity cost, cost-effectiveness, and cost-minimization analyses. These methodologies can provide information to physicians, patients, and payers that may help reaffirm the value of a given biosimilar compared with its reference product throughout its life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Henry
- Clinical Professor of Medicine, Vice Chairman, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Carrie Taylor
- Pfizer Emerging Markets/Established Products Medicines Development Group, New York, NY
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15
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Bachmann MF, Whitehead P. Active immunotherapy for chronic diseases. Vaccine 2013; 31:1777-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Gramer MJ. Product Quality Considerations for Mammalian Cell Culture Process Development and Manufacturing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 139:123-66. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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