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Yang Z, Khan SA, Walsh LJ, Ziora ZM, Seneviratne CJ. Classical and Modern Models for Biofilm Studies: A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:1228. [PMID: 39766618 PMCID: PMC11726878 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13121228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Revised: 11/30/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are structured microbial communities that adhere to various abiotic and biotic surfaces, where organisms are encased in an exo-polysaccharide matrix. Organisms within biofilms use various mechanisms that help them resist external challenges, such as antibiotics, rendering them more resistant to drugs. Therefore, researchers have attempted to develop suitable laboratory models to study the physical features of biofilms, their resistance mechanisms against antimicrobial agents, and their gene and protein expression profiles. However, current laboratory models suffer from various limitations. In this comprehensive review, we have summarized the various designs that have been used for laboratory biofilm models, presenting their strengths and limitations. Additionally, we have provided insight into improving these models to more closely simulate real-life scenarios, using newly developed techniques in additive manufacturing, synthetic biology, and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihe Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Oral Health Centre, School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.A.K.); (L.J.W.)
| | - Sadaf Aiman Khan
- Oral Health Centre, School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.A.K.); (L.J.W.)
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Indian Institute of Technology (IITD) Delhi, University of Queensland, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Laurence J. Walsh
- Oral Health Centre, School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.A.K.); (L.J.W.)
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Indian Institute of Technology (IITD) Delhi, University of Queensland, New Delhi 110016, India
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Simulation of composition and mass transfer behaviour of a membrane biofilm reactor using a two dimensional multi-species counter-diffusion model. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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