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Zhang H, Fan S, Yang J, Yi J, Guan L, He H, Zhang X, Luo Y, Guan Q. Attention control training and transfer effects on cognitive tasks. Neuropsychologia 2024; 200:108910. [PMID: 38777117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Attention control is the common element underlying different executive functions. The backward Masking Majority Function Task (MFT-M) requires intensive attention control, and represents a diverse situation where attentional resources need to be allocated dynamically and flexibly to reduce uncertainty. Aiming to train attention control using MFT-M and examine the training transfer effects in various executive functions, we recruited healthy young adults (n = 84) and then equally randomized them into two groups trained with either MFT-M or a sham program for seven consecutive days. Cognitive evaluations were conducted before and after the training, and the electroencephalograph (EEG) signals were recorded for the revised Attention Network Test (ANT-R), N-back, and Task-switching (TS) tasks. Compared to the control group, the training group performed better on the congruent condition of Flanker and the double-congruency condition of Flanker and Location in the ANT-R task, and on the learning trials in the verbal memory test. The training group also showed a larger P2 amplitude decrease and P3 amplitude increase in the 2-back task and a larger P3 amplitude increase in the TS task's repeat condition than the control group, indicating improved neural efficiency in two tasks' attentional processes. Introversion moderated the transfer effects of training, as indicated by the significant group*introversion interactions on the post-training 1-back efficiency and TS switching cost. Our results suggested that attention control training with the MFT-M showed a broad transfer scope, and the transfer effect was influenced by the form of training task. Introversion facilitated the transfer to working memory and hindered the transfer to flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Shaoxia Fan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Yi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lizhen Guan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hao He
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yuejia Luo
- Department of Applied Psychology, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266113, China
| | - Qing Guan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Wenwen C, Yang Y, Cui L, Chen Y, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhou S. The Account of the Effect of Switch Probability on Switch and Mixing Costs: An ERP Study in a Cued Task-switching Paradigm. Cogn Behav Neurol 2022; 35:230-246. [PMID: 36136039 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether the effect of switch probability on switch and mixing costs is explained by an activation or preparation account is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the account of the effect of switch probability on switch and mixing costs. METHOD We used a cued task-switching paradigm with three switch probabilities (high, 75%; medium, 50%; and low, 25%) with 19 healthy young adults and recorded the cue- and target-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral performance. The task included switch and stay trials under high, medium, and low switch conditions, as well as pure trials. RESULTS There was no significant difference in reaction time (RT) in switch and mixing costs between the high and medium switch conditions. The RT in switch and mixing costs in the high and medium switch conditions was significantly less and more than in the low switch condition, respectively. The cue-locked ERPs revealed significant effects on mixing costs (stay - pure) that were cue early frontal positivity (260-300 ms) in the high and medium switch conditions, and on switch costs (switch - stay) that were cue early central positivity (240-260 ms) in the low switch condition. Moreover, the target-locked ERPs of the mixing costs revealed significant effects on mixing costs that were target P3b (440-540 ms) in all three switch conditions, and on switch costs that were target P3b in the medium and low switch conditions. CONCLUSION The effect of switch probability on switch and mixing costs is explained by the activation account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wenwen
- Department of Neurology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Ideological and Political Theory Teaching, Maoming Polytechnic, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Li Q, Lin Y, Wang X, Zhang M, Stonier F, Chen X, Chen A. Post-error adjustments depend causally on executive attention: Evidence from an intervention study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1014909. [PMID: 36304856 PMCID: PMC9592692 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1014909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting and correcting execution errors is crucial for safe and efficient goal-directed behavior. Despite intensive investigations on error processing, the cognitive foundations of this process remain unclear. Based on the presumed relation between executive attention (EA) and error processing, we implemented a seven-day EA intervention by adopting the Posner cueing paradigm to test the potential causal link from EA to error processing in healthy adults. The experimental group (high EA, HEA) was trained on the Posner cueing paradigm, with a ratio of invalid cue (IC) trials to valid cue (VC) trials of 5:1 and a corresponding ratio of 1:1 in the active control group (low EA, LEA). We found that the EA intervention improved EA across intervention sessions. Critically, after the EA intervention, the HEA group showed that post-error accuracy (PEA) was restored to the same level as the post-correct accuracy (in comparison with the LEA group). However, post-error slowing and the flanker effect were not modulated by the EA intervention. Furthermore, we observed that the changes in the accuracy of VC trials positively predicted the changes in PEA and that the two groups were classified according to the changes in PEA with a 61.3% accuracy. Based on these results, we propose that EA causally drives error processing. And the capabilities of the “actively catch” more attention resources and the automatic mismatch processing developed after EA intervention is transferable to error processing, thereby directly resulting in the gains in post-error adjustments. Our work informs the potential cognitive mechanisms underlying this causal link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Ability, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mengke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Francis Stonier
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Antao Chen
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Antao Chen,
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Rabi R, Chow R, Paracha S, Hasher L, Gardner S, Anderson ND, Alain C. Time of Day Effects on Inhibitory Functioning: Cognitive and Neural Evidence of Sundowning in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:869-890. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a prodromal phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is characterized by episodic memory dysfunction, but inhibitory deficits have also been commonly reported. Time of day (TOD) effects have been confirmed in 1) healthy aging on cognitive processes such as inhibitory control, and 2) on behavior in AD (termed the sundowning effect), but no such research has addressed aMCI. Objective: The present study examined the impact of TOD on the behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of inhibition in 54 individuals with aMCI and 52 healthy controls (HCs), all of morning chronotype. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to complete two inhibition tasks (Go-NoGo and Flanker) during their optimal (morning) or non-optimal (evening) TOD, while electroencephalography was recorded. Results: Both tasks elicited changes in N2 and P3 event-related potential (ERP) components, which commonly index inhibitory functioning. Analyses showed that the Go-NoGo difference in P3 amplitude was reduced in individuals with aMCI relative to HCs. Compared to HCs, the Flanker difference in P3 amplitude was also reduced and coincided with more errors in the aMCI group. Notably, these behavioral and ERP differences were exaggerated in the non-optimal TOD relative to the optimal TOD. Conclusion: Findings confirm the presence of inhibition deficits in aMCI and provide novel evidence of sundowning effects on inhibitory control in aMCI. Results reinforce the need to consider the influences of TOD in clinical assessments involving individuals with aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Rabi
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ricky Chow
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahier Paracha
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynn Hasher
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Gardner
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole D. Anderson
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Nuñez-Estupiñan X, Berticelli LZ, de Almeida RMM, Gauer G. Aversiveness of errors and the error-related negativity (ERN): A systematic review on the affective states' manipulations findings. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:754-776. [PMID: 35396631 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Error-related negativity (ERN) has been used to investigate neural mechanisms underlying error processing and conflict monitoring. Recent evidence highlights that affective and motivational states modulate the ERN and that aversiveness of errors plays a vital role in error monitoring. Therefore, our primary objective was to systematically evaluate and describe the influence of affect state-related manipulations on the ERN. A total of 51 publications identified from PsyInfo, PubMed, and PsyArticles databases were included following the Prisma procedures for systematic reviews. Papers were analyzed using sample attributes, psychological paradigms, and states manipulations. The present study shows that the ERN component has recurrently appeared to be sensitive to manipulations of affective states in the reviewed literature. However, conclusive findings concerning the affect state-dependent properties of the ERN remain elusive. Results are discussed considering heterogeneity in paradigms, variables, and the state-trait interactions. Furthermore, recommendations for future high-quality studies are provided along with the necessity of upcoming high-power replication attempts and more studies with positive affect manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiomara Nuñez-Estupiñan
- Departamento de Psicologia Do Desenvolvimento E da Personalidade, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Instituto de Psicologia, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 2º andar, sala 227, RS, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
- Laboratorio de Psicologia Experimental Neurociências E Comportamento (LPNeC), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
- Laboratorio de Biosinais Cognitivos (BioSig), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
| | - Lucas Zanatta Berticelli
- Departamento de Psicologia Do Desenvolvimento E da Personalidade, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Instituto de Psicologia, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 2º andar, sala 227, RS, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratorio de Biosinais Cognitivos (BioSig), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Rosa Maria Martins de Almeida
- Departamento de Psicologia Do Desenvolvimento E da Personalidade, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Instituto de Psicologia, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 2º andar, sala 227, RS, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratorio de Psicologia Experimental Neurociências E Comportamento (LPNeC), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Gauer
- Departamento de Psicologia Do Desenvolvimento E da Personalidade, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Instituto de Psicologia, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 2º andar, sala 227, RS, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratorio de Biosinais Cognitivos (BioSig), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Rabi R, Chow R, Paracha S, Hasher L, Gardner S, Anderson ND, Alain C. The Effects of Aging and Time of Day on Inhibitory Control: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:821043. [PMID: 35360220 PMCID: PMC8963784 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.821043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Time of day (TOD) influences on executive functions have been widely reported, with greater efficiency demonstrated at optimal relative to non-optimal TOD according to one’s chronotype (i.e., synchrony effect). Older adults (OAs) show declines in inhibitory control and are more sensitive to the effects of circadian variation on executive functioning. To date, no studies have investigated the effects of TOD and aging on executive functioning using electrophysiological measures. The present study investigated the effects of aging and TOD on the neural correlates of inhibitory processing (N2 and P3) using event-related potentials (ERPs). Go-NoGo and Flanker tasks were administered to 52 OAs of morning chronotype and 51 younger adults (YAs) of afternoon-to-evening chronotype who were randomly assigned to morning or afternoon test sessions, with the optimal TOD for OAs in the morning and for YAs in the afternoon/evening. While behavioral results demonstrated no TOD effects, ERPs indicated synchrony effects. Both YAs and OAs showed greater modulation of Go-NoGo N2 and greater P3 amplitude during the non-optimal than optimal TOD, consistent with the synchrony effect. For the Flanker task, age differences in P3 amplitude were only apparent during the non-optimal TOD. These results suggest that processes associated with inhibitory control are differentially affected by TOD and aging, with age-related reductions in inhibitory efficiency during off-peak test times on measures of interference control. These findings highlight the sensitivity of ERPs to detect TOD effects in the absence of behavioral differences, confirm more pronounced TOD effects in OAs relative to YAs on ERP measures of interference control, and reinforce the need to assess and control for circadian typology in research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Rabi
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ricky Chow
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shahier Paracha
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lynn Hasher
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra Gardner
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole D. Anderson
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claude Alain
- Baycrest Centre, Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Claude Alain,
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Cui LY, Cheng WW, Shan SR, Lv W, Sun CM, Li R, Zhou S, Chen ZM, Bao SY. Spontaneous quantitative processing in Chinese singular and plural picture naming: An event-related potentials analysis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:898526. [PMID: 36303944 PMCID: PMC9594987 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.898526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese nouns lack inflection and cannot reflect the quantitative relationship between singular and plural numbers. However, neural processes of picture naming are different from those of words. We assume that Chinese single and plural picture naming is different, and they may involve quantitative processing. Therefore, Experiment 1 was designed by picking picture naming as the task and Chinese as the target language and compared the accuracy, reaction time, and event-related potentials (ERPs) between single and plural picture naming, where two types of pictures were mixed. Although the T-test showed no significant differences in behavioral data, there were differences in ERPs. ERP differences involved two effects: P1 of 160-180 ms and P2 of 220-260 ms in the parietal-occipital lobe. These differences are suggested to reflect the neural differences in quantitative processing. Therefore, Chinese singular and plural picture naming consists of word production and implicit quantitative processing simultaneously. To explore the relationship between the two processings, we added a semantic factor (inanimate vs. animate items) to the quantity factor of Experiment 1 and carried out Experiment 2, with the observation indexes unchanged. There were no significant differences in behavioral data among the four conditions. After variance analysis, ERPs results indicated an interaction between semantic and quantitative factors in the central area at 180-280 ms. In summary, we suggest that Chinese singular and plural picture naming includes two simultaneous neural processing tasks: word production and quantitative processing, which interact in the central area at 180-280 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-yan Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-wen Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, China
- Wen-wen Cheng,
| | - Sha-rui Shan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen-ming Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Run Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-ming Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhuo-ming Chen,
| | - Sheng-yong Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-yong Bao,
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Fong MCM, Law TST, Ma MKH, Hui NY, Wang WS. Can inhibition deficit hypothesis account for age-related differences in semantic fluency? Converging evidence from Stroop color and word test and an ERP flanker task. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 218:104952. [PMID: 33934024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.104952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition deficit hypothesis (IDH) proposed that individual differences in inhibitory control is an underlying reason for age-related language decline. This study examined whether the hypothesis holds within the domain of lexico-semantic retrieval. Sixty-six older adults aged 60-79 were tested in a semantic fluency task comprising 16 categories; each response was classified as automatic or controlled. Also, Stroop color and word test and an ERP flanker task were employed to yield both behavioral and neural measures of inhibitory control. Mixed-effects modelling revealed that the number of controlled (but not automatic) responses was negatively associated with age. This interaction could be partially accounted for by the behavioral Stroop inhibition score and two neural measures from the ERP flanker task (P2 and Pc amplitudes). These results not only provide converging evidence supporting the IDH, but also demonstrate the involvement of specific inhibitory control components, including attentional control and performance monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manson Cheuk-Man Fong
- Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience, Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Tammy Sheung-Ting Law
- Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience, Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Matthew King-Hang Ma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Nga Yan Hui
- Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience, Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - William Shiyuan Wang
- Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience, Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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König N, Steber S, Borowski A, Bliem HR, Rossi S. Neural Processing of Cognitive Control in an Emotionally Neutral Context in Anxiety Patients. Brain Sci 2021; 11:543. [PMID: 33925958 PMCID: PMC8146407 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired cognitive control plays a crucial role in anxiety disorders and is associated with deficient neural mechanisms in the fronto-parietal network. Usually, these deficits were found in tasks with an emotional context. The present study aimed at investigating electrophysiological and vascular signatures from event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in anxiety patients versus healthy controls during an inhibition task integrated in an emotionally neutral context. Neural markers were acquired during the completion of a classical Eriksen flanker task. The focus of data analysis has been the ERPs N200 and P300 and fNIRS activations in addition to task performance. No behavioral or neural group differences were identified. ERP findings showed a larger N2pc and a delayed and reduced P300 for incongruent stimuli. The N2pc modulation suggests the reorienting of attention to salient stimuli, while the P300 indicates longer lasting stimulus evaluation processes due to increased task difficulty. FNIRS did not result in any significant activation potentially suggesting a contribution from deeper brain areas not measurable with fNIRS. The missing group difference in our non-emotional task indicates that no generalized cognitive control deficit but rather a more emotionally driven deficit is present in anxiety patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola König
- ICONE-Innsbruck Cognitive Neuroscience, Department for Hearing, Speech and Voice Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarah Steber
- ICONE-Innsbruck Cognitive Neuroscience, Department for Hearing, Speech and Voice Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Borowski
- ICONE-Innsbruck Cognitive Neuroscience, Department for Hearing, Speech and Voice Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Harald R. Bliem
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonja Rossi
- ICONE-Innsbruck Cognitive Neuroscience, Department for Hearing, Speech and Voice Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Cheng W, Huang Q, Chen Y, Dai W, Cui L, Shan S, Chen Z, Zhou S. Parsing the Neural Mechanisms of Short-Term and Long-Term Associations in the Flanker Tasks: An ERP Analysis. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:626907. [PMID: 34421550 PMCID: PMC8374427 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.626907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms of cognitive conflicts within various flanker tasks are still unclear, which may be mixed with different effects of short-term associations and long-term associations. We applied a perceptual (color) flanker task and a symbolic (arrow) flanker task to 25 healthy young adults, while the event-related potentials (ERP) and behavioral performance were recorded. The former contains stimulus-stimulus conflict (SSC) of short-term memory (STM) associations, and the latter contains stimulus-response conflict (SRC) of long-term memory (LTM) associations. Both flanker tasks included congruent and incongruent conditions. The reaction time demonstrated the stimulus-response conflict effect in the arrow flanker task without the stimulus-stimulus conflict effect in the color flanker task. The ERP results showed SSC enhanced the frontocentral N2b without behavioral effects. SRC increased the frontocentral P2 but decreased the centroparietal P3b with prolonged reaction time. In the comparison between both tasks, the color flanker task elicited both the centroparietal N2b/N300 and the frontocentral N400, and the arrow flanker task increased the occipital N1. Our findings provide new evidence that different neural mechanisms underlie conflict effects based on different types of memory associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Red-Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Ideological and Political Theory Teaching, Maoming Polytechnic, Maoming, China
| | - Weipeng Dai
- Department of Neurology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| | - Liyan Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sharui Shan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoming Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuoming Chen
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Shu Zhou
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Brydges CR, Barceló F, Nguyen AT, Fox AM. Fast fronto-parietal cortical dynamics of conflict detection and context updating in a flanker task. Cogn Neurodyn 2020; 14:795-814. [PMID: 33101532 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-020-09628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has found that the traditional target P3 consists of a family of P3-like positivities that can be functionally and topographically dissociated from one another. The current study examined target N2 and P3-like subcomponents indexing conflict detection and context updating at low- and high-order levels in the neural hierarchy during cognitive control. Electroencephalographic signals were recorded from 45 young adults while they completed a hybrid go/nogo flanker task, and Residue Iteration Decomposition (RIDE) was applied to functionally dissociate these peaks. Analyses showed a stimulus-locked frontal N2 revealing early detection and fast perceptual categorization of nogo, congruent and incongruent trials, resulting in frontal P3-like activity elicited by nogo trials in the latency-variable RIDE cluster, and by incongruent trials in the response-locked cluster. The congruent trials did not elicit frontal P3-like activity. These findings suggest that behavioral incongruency effects are related to intermediate and later stages of motor response re-programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Brydges
- School of Psychological Science (M304), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Francisco Barceló
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Majorca, Spain
| | - An T Nguyen
- School of Psychological Science (M304), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Neurocognitive Development Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Allison M Fox
- School of Psychological Science (M304), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009 Australia.,Neurocognitive Development Unit, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Eriksen's two-phase model of spatial selective attention: Physiological evidence of trial-mixing-dependent response inhibition. Atten Percept Psychophys 2020; 83:722-730. [PMID: 33073322 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-020-02152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The early work of Charles W. Eriksen and colleagues provided us with both the flanker task and the concepts of response competition and continuous flow. The model of the flanker task that Eriksen and colleagues developed also includes the idea that processing occurs in two phases and the specific claim that pro-active response inhibition is employed to prevent errors under certain conditions. We first replicated and extended the behavioral evidence that motivated this specific claim and then tested it using a variety of physiological measures. We verified the prediction of Eriksen's Two-Phase Model of Spatial Selective Attention using the lateralized readiness potential and contingent negative variation. We also clarified a detail of the model using electromyographic activity and response force. We note that this contribution of Charles W. Eriksen has not received the attention that it deserves and that several recent models might need to be revised in light of Eriksen's work.
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